THE ROAD SURFACE TREATMENTS ASSOCIATION

Surface Dressing & Micro-Surfacing

Dr Howard Robinson
Chief Executive

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Surface Dressing
Long History of Use

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Surface Dressing
Performs 2 functions which relate directly to the essential requirements in the European CPD Safety Skid Resistance Increases macro & micro texture with minimum usage of scare high quality aggregate Durability Preventative Maintenance Seals underlying surface from ingress of water and air

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Surface Dressing
techniques
Single Dressing Racked-In Double Dressing Sandwich Dressing

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Surface Dressing
Applications

Carriageways Footways Cycleways Car parks

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Finite Resource Consumption

Treatment composition kg/m2 Material Single Dressing 1.0 12.0 Double Dressing 1.5 21.0 40mm Asphalt Surfacing 6.0 93.0

Binder Aggregate

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Comparative Costs and Life

Type
6mmSingleSurfaceDressing 10&6mmRackedInDressing 14&6mmDoubleSurface Dressing(relativelynew) Prepatchingadditionalcost MicroAsphalt14mm Microasphalt+regulating+ ironworksraised HighFrictionSurfacing Retexturing bushhammer GilsonitePreservative AsphaltReinforcement Geocomposites/Geotextiles

Application
Estateroads,ruralareas Urbanroads,quieter Busyurbanroads,higher stress,gradient,bend Rural,urbanroads MainlyUrbanlocations MainlyUrbanlocations Highstressareas Anywhereexposed aggregates Anywhere Urban,trunkroads

/m2
+/10%

ExpectedLife years
7 10 7 10 7 10 n/a 7 12 7 12 5 10 3 5 3 5 Increaseslifeby factorof4

1.50 1.80 2.20 1.00 1.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 9 12 2 3 0.8 1 5 8

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Surface Dressing
Extending time to structural maintenance
O v e ra ll c o n d itio n G ood S u rfa c e d re s s ing S u rfa c e d re s s in g D e fe c ts v is ib le P a tc h in g Poor R e c o n s tru c tio n

S o u rc e : A s p h a lt S u rfa c in g s , S tev e n S t J oh n

10 11 Y e a rs

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

O v e ra ll c o n d itio n G ood S u rfa c e d re s s ing S u rfa c e d re s s in g

Poor

10

11 Y e a rs

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

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Carbon Footprint
Work ongoing at University of Nottingham to develop process maps and capture energy data for a range of surface treatments that can then be fed into asPECT Asphalt Pavement Embodied Carbon Tool

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Quality Control

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Chipping Spread Rate Test

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Binder Spread Rate Test

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Carpet Tile Spray Bar Test

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Specification SHW Clause 922 BSEN 12271 PD6689

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Procurement
Method 1 Method 2 Specified by end product performance - Cl 922 of SHW Specified by recipe - Cl 919 of SHW

Method 1 defines a product and therefore the Construction Product Regulation applies and BSEN12271

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Clause 922
Thecontractormust... Produceadesigntoachievealevelofperformancee.g. macrotextureandalsoadesignlife InstalladressingthatmeetsrequirementsofNHSS13a Provideaqualityplan BecompliantwithBSEN12271 Providea2yrguarantee Provideevidencehisspraytankerandchippingmachinecan achievethedesiredrateandaccuracyofspread ProduceaselfcertifiedTAIT
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BSEN 12271
EffectiveinUKfromJanuary2011 PD6689providesUKguidance Specifiesarangeofpropertiesandcategoriesto enableappropriatelimitingvaluestobesetfora widerangeofuses CEMarkingcurrentlynotmandatoryinUK

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PD 6689 Constituent Materials

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Binders
UnmodifiedbindersmustconformtoBSEN13808 emulsions PMBsareproprietarymaterialsandClauses919and 922requirethesetohaveBBAHAPAScertificates BSEN12271includesameasureofbindercohesion (VialitTest)

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Modified Binders
VialitPendulumCohesion

Vialit Cohesion BS EN 13588 HA SHW Clause 939 Grades (minimum Peak Cohesion): Super premium binder 1.4J/cm2 Premium binder Intermediate Unmodified* 1.2J/cm2 1.0J/cm2 0.7J/cm2

*threshold level for guidance only

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PD 6689 Aggregates
HD36adviseswhatPSVandAAVtobeusedonasitebysite basis. ThePSVisrequiredtoensurethedurabilityof skiddingresistance AggregatesusedinsurfacedressingshouldconformtoBSEN 13043 RecommendationsforgradingsofchippingsareinPD6682 2:2009,Table4 BSEN13043alsorecommendsthat,forsurfacedressing,the finescontentshouldbef1(i.e.notmorethan1%passing 0.063mmsieve)

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PD 6689 Performance Criteria

PerformancecategoriesinPD6689havebeenchosenfrom BSEN12271:2006,Table2 TheserecommendationsrelatetheHAUCroadtypestogether withthedesignclassificationsfromRN39

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EN 12271:2006(E) - Table 2

Type Approval Installation Trial (TAIT)

TAITsarethemeansbywhichaproducer demonstratestheabilitytodesignandinstallagroup orfamilyofsurfacetreatmentsmeetingtherequired performancecharacteristics TAITscanalsobeusedasthebasisforCEmarking

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Type Approval Installation Trial

Recommended Portfolio

TAITs are the responsibility of the producer and must be verified by a notified body
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Factory Production Control (FPC)

BSEN12271specifiesaFPCsystem aroutetoCEmarking FPCensuresthedesignprocedureisdocumented,therelevantcontrols andtestsarecarriedoutatminimumfrequencyandrecordsarekept AllproducersaccreditedtoNHSS13amusthaveaQAsystemwhich meetsFPCrequirementsandareaccreditedbynotifiedbodies TheSectorSchemeisarequirementoftheSHWandrequiresproducers todemonstratethecompetenceoftheirworkforce ThereisascheduleofsuppliersaccreditedtoNHSS13amaintainedby Lantra Theattestationofconformityis2+

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Surface Dressing Design Guide

Design Input Data

SurfaceTemperatureCategory RoadHardness Traffic Geometry Chippingproperties

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Surface Temperature Category

Table 7.2.1 - Approximate Surface Temperature Categories

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Road Hardness Category

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Road Hardness Category

22 20 Probe penetration (mm) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 15 20 25
very hard hard normal soft very soft

30

35

40

Road surface temperature (C)

Category B
Figure 7.2.2 Hardness categories from depth of penetration and road surface temperature for Different Surface Temperature Categories

Traffic

Categories converted from msa to cv/l/d assuming a growth rate of 2% over the design life. Table 7.2.3 Traffic Categories
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Geometrics
Gradients Bends Junction and Crossings

STRESS

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Chipping Properties

PSV refer to HD36/06 or Figure 7.3.1.

AAV Not greater than 14

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Other Data Required

General Surface Condition Season Shade Local Traffic Noise

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Season

Figure 7.3.2 Surface Dressing Season

Tree Shade

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Noise
14mm Increasing noise (dBA)

14/6mm 10mm 10/6mm

6mm

Increasing texture depth

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Designing the Dressing

Site Suitability Sections within the Site Choosing the Dressing type and Binders Using the Design Proforma Selecting the Rate of Spread

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Site Suitability

Figure 8.1 - Effect of Existing Road Surface Characteristics on Achievable Performance Levels

Choosing The Right Dressing

Figure 8.3a
Selection of Type of Surface Dressing for Lightly-Trafficked Sites

Binder Rate of Spread - Table 9.2.2

Racked In Dressing

Surface Dressing
Benefits
Relatively low cost and high productivity Extends road life and delays major maintenance spend Reduced traffic management costs and road user costs Efficient use of aggregates/binder and minimal waste Up to 10 year life if properly designed and executed A strategic option for de-carbonising roads Can help to prevent potholing

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Surface Dressing
Innovation
Better,tougherbinders=betterchipretention Lowtemperatureemulsions(undertrial) Betteremulsionbreakcontrol Bettermobileplant improvedspraying/spreadingaccuracy Closerattentiontoachievinggoodcompaction Closerliaisonwithhighwayauthorities Improvedaftercare BettertrainedoperativeswithCSCScards(SectorScheme13a)

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Micro-Surfacing

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Micro-Surfacing
Apolymermodifiedcoldpavedasphalt Thickness6to15mm Uses rutfilling/levellingcourse sealing fillingpotholes correctsravelling/bleeding improvesskidresistance(highervolumeroads)

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Micro-Asphalt Description
Slurrysurfacingintroducedinthelate1950s Primarilyusedasapreservativetreatmentforairfield runwaystypicalaggregatesizeforslurrysurfacing03mm Slurrysurfacingnowmorewidelyknownasmicroasphaltsor microsurfacingwithtypically06mmaggregates Microasphaltisamixtureof:
Aggregates(coarseandfine) PMBemulsion Water Cementorhydratedlime Possiblyfibres Chemicalbreaking agent

Theblendofmaterialsisbatchedinsituandlaidbyapurpose builtselfpropelledmicroasphaltpaver
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Slurry Seal and Micro-Asphalt

Footwayslurrysealismechanicallymixedandhandapplied usingabrushtoprovidesurfacetexture.Nonpolymer modifiedbitumenemulsionandaggregatesizesof03mm Thincarriagewayandairfieldslurrysealisusuallylaidupto 5mmthickusinga03mmaggregateandnonpolymer bitumenemulsion.Laidmechanicallyandissuitableforurban areasandairfieldtaxiways Microasphalts
firstlayerregulatesandreprofilestheexistingpavement secondlayerprovidesadensesurfacewithgoodtexturedepthand wetskiddingresistance.

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SLURRY / MICROSURFACING

Composition
Aggregates Mineralfiller Water Bitumenemulsion Fieldcontroladditive

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Aggregate selection
Strong,durable 100%crushedparticles Typeofrock Reactivityoffines critical!

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Aggregate Gradation
Sieve size Slurry mm 5.0 100 2.36 95-100 1.18 70-95 .600 55-75 .300 30-50 .075 5-15 Microsurfacing 100 70-90 75-100 45-70 55-90 28-50 35-70 19-34 20-45 12-25 5-15 5-15

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Mineral Fillers
Portlandcement Hydratedlime Modifyflow&settingcharacteristics

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Bitumen Emulsion Selection

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Polymer
Purposes reducestemperaturesusceptibility improvesstiffness Types latex(liquid) solids

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Field Control Additive

Affectsbreaktime temperature&aggregatereactivity Typeandamount amines(0.1%)

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Surface Curing
Mixtime timeremainingfluid(30180s) Settime expulsionofclearwater&initialdevelopment ofcohesion Traffictime sufficientcohesionfortraffic(20minto4hrs)

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Mix Design Criteria

Mixingtests Cohesiontest Testsforbindercontent Performancerelatedtests

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Mixing & Cohesion Tests

Mixtime&settime
Handmixedfor30s Partpouredout.Clearwaterexuded settime Partstirreduntilstiff mixtime

Cohesiontest
Rolledintoball&droppedonfloor

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Tests For Binder Content

Wettrackabrasion(WTAT)
BS434aggregatetest(max500g/m)

Loadedwheeltest

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Site Selection Client Side

Highwayclientslooktomicrosurfacingtoimprove:
Appearance coveringsurfacedefects Profiling regulationofthesurface SkidResistance replacescontactsurface SubsurfaceProtection sealingtheroadagainstwater ingress

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A Potential Micro-Surfacing Site

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Micro-Asphalt Paver

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AGGREGATE BITUMEN WATER

SPREADER BOX

Computer Controlled Batching

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Applied through the Spreader Laying box

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Compaction using a Pneumatic Tyre Roller (PTR)

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After Care
Readyfortrafficafter20minutes Sweepafter24hours RaiseIronworknextday Applyroadsafetymarkingsafter72hours Removetrafficmanagementsigns

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Slurry-Micro Surfacing Applications

Carriageways Footways Cycleways Car parks Playgrounds Airfield runways Reservations and Islands

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Benefits
Restorationofinstantaneousskidding resistanceandtexturedepthlevels Quickinstallation,withminimumdisruption totrafficflows Environmentallyadvantageouswithlittleor notoxicemissionsandnoheatenergy required Financialcostbenefits

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BSEN 12273 Micro-Surfacing

UK guidance contained in PD 6689 BSEN 12273 will be implemented in UK in January 2011 By that time all contractors must have in place: BSEN ISO 9001 QA systems, FPC, TAITs UK specification controlled by SHW Cl.918 contractors must be compliant with Sector Scheme 13b

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Specification Requirements
Aggregates to BS EN 13043 Binders to BS EN 13808 Cationic Bitumen Emulsions Mix design declared by producer 1 year after installation:
visual assessment of defects surface macro-texture

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BS EN 12274 Test Methods

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Sampling Residualbindercontent Consistency mixdesign Cohesionofmix mixdesign Wearing(wettrackabrasion) mixdesign Rateofapplication Shakingabrasion(binder/aggregateaffinity) mixdesign 8. Visualassessment
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Clause 918
Contractordesign RegistrationtoSectorScheme13B TAITtoBSEN12273 Aggregatemin.PSV&max.AAV(FI20 omitted) Performancerequirements Assessmentofdefects&macrotexture 2yearguarantee(macrotextureinitially,1&2years) Normally1yearfornontrunkroads Specifieshowtoexecutetheworks BBAHAPAScertificationformodifiedbindernolonger required Bondcoatspecified
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Notes for Guidance on Clause 918

Clause 942 thin surfacing applicable to micro-surfacing for roads carrying > 250 cv/l/d or allowing speeds > 60 mph Categories given for visual assessment of defects
from lightly trafficked roads (Cat. 1) to dual carriageways (Cat. 4)

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Performance Requirements
Requirement
P1 bleeding, etc. P2 delamination, aggregate loss, etc. Macrotexture Noise (macrotexture)

Unit 0
% % mm mm NPD NPD NPD

Category 1 2
8 8 0.2 2 2 0.4

3
0.5 0.5 0.6

Declared maximum Declared class/category

Constituents Binder cohesion J/cm Aggregate PSV Aggregate micro-Deval Slurry type

(AAV in UK) Defined by maximum aggregate size & binder type

Guidance
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 7 Section 5 Part 2 HD37/99 SHW Series 900
Clause 918 - Slurry Surfacing Clause 919 - Surface Dressing Recipe Clause 922 - Surface Dressing Performance Clause 927 - Micro-surfacing

EN 12271 Surface Dressing (FPC + test methods) EN 12273 Slurry-Micro Surfacing (FPC + test methods) PD6689: 2009 Surface Treatments NHSS 13a Surface Dressing and 13b Slurry-Micro Surfacing Road Note 39 and RSDA Code of Practice
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