SEDENTARY

-Staying & farming in one spot. Led to the rise of cities

AGRICULTURE Opposite of nomadic herding. (Draw a pic) NEOLITHIC (What you drew and why) -Began ~10,000 BCE with the farming, & the domestication of animals. Started in Middle East. (Draw a pic) (What you drew and why)

REVOLUTION start of sedentary agric., rise of

CHINESE SOCIAL CLASSES (Draw a pic)

-Peasants were the largest group, merchants were ranked below peasants, very patriarchal. (What you drew and why)

CASTE SYSTEM

-Functioned as a political institution in India by enforcing rules of social behavior, tied in with Hinduism; Untouchables were at the bottom.

HINDUISM

-Indias major religion, polytheistic, believed in reincarnation

(Draw a pic) BUDDHISM

(What you drew & why) -Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, spread to China

HELLENISTIC -Spread of Greek ideas by Alexander the Great. The character, thought, culture, or ethical system of ancient Greece.

GREEK

-Socrates, Plato, Aristotle the search for wisdom or knowledge.

PHILOSOPHERS were students of each other,

NOMADS

-Moved from place to place, acted as agents of contact between sedentary peoples; raiding & trading; example: Huns

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(what you drew & why)

ROMAN SENATE (pic) BEDOUINS (pic)

-In the Roman republic, were the main legislative body; 300 members, made laws. (what you drew & why) -Arabic camel nomads (what you drew & why)

CALIPH

-The office of the political & religious successor of Muhammad; this issue split Islam into Sunni & Shia sects

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(what you drew & why)

UMMA

-The concept of the community of faithful that transcended clan boundaries within Islam.

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(what you drew & why)

ISLAMIC

-Bedouin culture, clan identity merchants & trade.

INFLUENCES & rivalry, desert environment, (pic) (what you drew & why)

SALADIN

-Muslim commander who

defended the Holy Land from western European Christian crusaders. (pic) SAHEL (pic) MANSA MUSA (pic) IBN BATUTA (pic) (what you drew & why) -Grassland belt at the s. edge of the Sahara desert. (what you drew & why) -Malis greatest ruler, made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 (what you drew & why) -The greatest Arab traveler of the 14th century. Traveled for nearly 30 yrs. Visited Europe, Africa, & Asia. (what you drew & why) center in Mali during the 14th-16th centuries. (pic) (what you drew & why) TIMBUKTU -Great Islamic trading & cultural

JUSTINIAN -Emperor of the Byzantine empire, known for systemizing Roman legal code & constructing the Hagia Sophia church. (pic) (what you drew & why)

CONSTANTINOPLE -Capital of the Byzantine Empire. Named after Constantine, now known as Istanbul. Overrun by the Turks in 1453.

FEUDALISM

-Military & political system in the Middle Ages in which greater lords provided protection & aid to others. Serfs/peasants were on the bottom.

AZTEC EMPIRE

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-Located in present day Mexico & C. America; highly advanced & unified under 1 leader; capital was Tenochtitlan; taken over by Cortes & the Spanish. (what you drew & why)

INCA EMPIRE -Located in present day Peru; highly advanced; taken over by Pizarro & the Spanish (Pizza Inc); also known as Twantinsuyu empire (pic) (what you drew & why) SPLIT -Incan practice whereby all the INHERITANCE political power of the ruler went to his successor but all his wealth & land went to his male descendants. (pic) (what you drew & why) MITA (pic) -Incan practice of mandatory labor on church & state lands for citizens. (what you drew & why)

FOOTBINDING

-Practice in China in which young girls feet were restricted from growing; subordinated women.

(pic) JUNKS

(what you drew & why) -Chinese ships that were the best in the world; increased Chinese trade & contact with the rest of the world. (what you drew & why) -Took place in both Europe & Japan. Very militaristic, rigid social class system. Peasants made up largest group in both Euro & Japan. (what you drew & why)

(pic) FEUDALISM

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SAMURAI -Mounted troops who served as professional warriors in Japan. (pic) (what you drew & why)

ZHENG HE -Led a series of trading voyages for the Chinese Ming dynasty from 1405-1433. (pic) (what you drew & why) RENAISSANCE -Cultural & political movement that began in Italy circa 1400. A time of literary and artistic rebirth. (pic) (what you drew & why) COLUMBIAN -The biological exchange EXCHANGE between the e. & w. hemispheres. Note: African & Euro diseases to the Americas (pic) (what you drew & why) FERDINAND -This explorer became the MAGELLAN 1st to circumnavigate the globe. Sailed westward from Europe

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around the s. tip of S. America & across the Pacific. (what you drew & why)

GUTENBERG -Printing press is named after him; responsible for the invention of movable type in the west. (pic) (what you drew & why) HELIOCENTRIC -Sun-centered theory of the universe supported by Copernicus. Countered the geocentric (earth-centered) idea supported by the church. (pic) (what you drew & why) PREDESTINATION -Belief that God determined if you were going to heaven or hell before you were born; key belief in Calvinism.

(pic) PETER THE GREAT

(what you drew & why) -Russian czar; ruled from 16891725. Imitated western European countries. (pic) (what you drew & why) BOYARS -Russian nobles; had less power than their western Euro. counterparts. Forced to westernize by Peter the Great. (pic) (what you drew & why) TREATY OF -1494 treaty between Spain & TORDESILLAS Portugal that divided the Americas into two colonial zones (Spain ended up with a majority of the land) (pic) (what you drew & why) PENINSULARES -Those living in the Americas who were Spanishborn (from the peninsula); the top social class (pic) (what you drew & why)

TRIANGULAR TRADE

-Linked Europe, Africa, & the Americas. Africans were sent to the Americas to work as slaves.

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(what you drew & why) - The voyage between Africa & the Americas

MIDDLE PASSAGE

during the triangular trade. (picture) (what you drew & why)

SHAKA ZULU

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-Zulu leader in southern Africa during the early 1800s. Zulus held their power until they were defeated in the 1870s by the British. (what you drew & why)

SALT-WATER -Slaves that were newly arrived SLAVES in the Americas. Known as this because they crossed the Atlantic Ocean.

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(what you drew & why)

JANISSARIES -Elite Ottoman infantry made up of conquered people. Organized in the 14th century. (picture) (what you drew & why) MUGHAL -Mongol conquerors of India who established an empire that lasted from 1526 to 1857. (what you drew & why) -Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India. (picture) TOKUGAWA (what you drew & why) -Founded in 1603; ended political unity to Japan; isolationist. (picture) TOKUGAWA IEYASU (what you drew & why) -Most powerful military figure in Japan; established

(picture) TAJ MAHAL

SHOGUNATE the civil wars & brought

Tokugawa Shogunate (picture) JAPANS ISOLATION (what you drew & why) -By early 17th century Japan outlawed Christianity, forbid Japanese ships to trade or sail overseas & banned w. books. (picture) JESUITS (what you drew & why) -Founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Goals: start Catholic schools, convert non-Christians, stop Protestantism from spreading MING DYNASTY -Restored ruling power in China to the Chinese after years of Mongol rule. Restricted trade with foreign countries. (picture) (what you drew & why)

CARAVEL

-Slender ships used by the Portuguese; key to the development of the Portuguese trade empire in Asia.

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(what you drew & why) nations wealth was measured by how much gold/silver they had. Countries should do all they could to increase wealth.

MERCANTILISM -Based on the idea that a

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(what you drew & why)

OTTO VON

-Conservative prime minister

BISMARCK (picture) KARL MARX

of Prussia. Helped unify Germany. (what you drew & why) -German socialist who saw history as a class struggle between the poor & the rich. Preached social revolution.

(picture) CHARLES DARWIN (picture) SOCIAL

(what you drew & why) -Biologist; developed theory of evolution of species (what you drew & why) -Used as a justification for survival of the fittest to societies.

DARWINISM imperialism; Darwins ideas of

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(what you drew & why)

SEPOYS

-Indian troops, trained in European style, serving the French & British.

(picture) RAJ (picture) WHITE

(what you drew & why) -British political establishment in India. Were in charge. (what you drew & why) -Settlement colony, such as in Euro settlers make up the majority of the pop.

DOMINIONS Australia or N. America where

(picture) SETTLER

(what you drew & why) -Colonies, such as in S. Africa, European settlers live among a majority of indigenous peoples.

COLONIES Kenya, & Hawaii where minority

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(what you drew & why)

TOUSSAINT

-Led slave rebellion on the

LOVERTURE island of St. Domingue; led to the independent republic of Haiti. (picture) TANZIMAT REFORMS (what you drew & why) -Western-style reforms within the Ottoman Empire during mid-1800s; established schools, railways, postal system. (picture) YOUNG TURKS (picture) (what you drew & why) -Intellectuals & political figures in Ottoman Empire who brought about Tanzimat Reforms. (what you drew & why) seas; opened in 1869; British later occupied Egypt to safeguard their interests. (picture) MEIJI (what you drew & why) -Ended Shogunate; began SUEZ CANAL -Built to link the Med. & Red

RESTORATION (picture) WAR

a period of reform; Power restored to an emperor; 1868

(what you drew & why) Japan & China; Japanese victory demonstrated its arrival as an industrial giant

SINO-JAPANESE -Fought in Korea between

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(what you drew & why) backed by a minority of the pop.; Most radical branch of the Marxist movement; led by Lenin.

BOLSHEVIKS -Russian political group

(picture) MATTHEW PERRY (picture)

(what you drew & why) -U.S. Commodore who sailed to Japan in 1853 & forced open trade. (what you drew & why)

W. FRONT -War zone that ran from Belgium to Switzerland during WWI; trench warfare; massive casualties. (picture) TREATY OF VERSAILLES (what you drew & why) -Post WWI conference that created the League of Nations; also blamed & punished Germany (picture) MANDATES (what you drew & why) -Treaty of Versailles established British or French control over territories formerly held by Germany & the Ottoman Empire. (picture) ZIONISTS (what you drew & why) -Supporters of Jewish nationalism; especially a creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. (picture) (what you drew & why)

ATATURK -Postwar leader of Turkey who launched sweeping reforms, including womens suffrage; also known as Mustafa Kemal. (picture) KELLOGG(what you drew & why) -Multinational treaty created war. (picture) SUN YATSEN (what you drew & why) -Western-educated leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance; Known as the father of modern China. (picture) CHIANG (what you drew & why) -Successor to Sun as leader of of Communists. (picture) LONG MARCH (what you drew & why) -China, 1934; led by Mao Tse Tung, 90,000 communists

BRIAND PACT by U.S. & France that outlawed

KAI-SHEK the Nationalists; fierce opponent

traveled thousands of miles to remote regions fleeing from Nationalists. (picture) (what you drew & why) -Britain & Frances policy of compromise with Hitler & Mussolini (keep them happy & theyll leave us alone) (picture) (what you drew & why) APPEASEMENT

IRON CURTAIN

-Term coined by British P.M. Churchill to describe the political division of Europe between free (W.

Europe) & repressed (E. Europe) during the Cold War. (picture) MARSHALL PLAN (what you drew & why) -U.S. aid to W. Europe after WWII helped it recover & also kept the Communists away at the same time. (picture) (what you drew & why)

NAFTA -North American Free Trade Agreement. Non-tariff policy between the U.S., Canada, & Mexico that began in the 1990s.

(picture) FIDEL CASTRO (picture)

(what you drew & why) -Communist dictator of Cuba since 1959. Backed up by Soviet regime. (what you drew & why)

NELSON

-Imprisoned by S. African & elected as president of S. Africa in 1994.

MANDELA apartheid leaders; released in 1990

(picture) KHOMEINI

(what you drew & why) following the 1979 revolution; worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform & elimination of western influences.

AYATOLLAH -Religious leader of Iran

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(what you drew & why)