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Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 1

Integrals with respect to one variable


Similar to partial derivatives, antiderivatives and
integrals can also be calculated with respect to one
of the variables, treating other variables as con-
stants. The usual constant C is now a function of
the other variables
_
x(x
2
+ y)dx =
x
4
4
+
x
2
y
2
+ C(y)
_
x(x
2
+ y)dy = x
3
y +
xy
2
2
+ C(x)
_
5
3
x(x
2
+ y)dx =
x
4
4
+
x
2
y
2

5
3
= 8y + 136
_
2
1
x(x
2
+ y)dy = x
3
y +
xy
2
2

2
1
= x
3
+
3x
2
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 2
Example. Find a function f(x,y,z) such that
f
x
= xysin z f
y
=
x
2
2

e
y
z
f
z
=
e
y
z
2
x cos z
Answer
f =
_
f
x
dx =
_
(xy sin z)dx
=
x
2
y
2
x sin z + C(y, z)
Then f
y
=
x
2
2
+
C
y
and therefore
C
y
=
e
y
z
,
C(y, z) =
_
C
y
dy =
e
y
z
+ D(z)
Then
C
z
=
e
y
z
2
+ D

(z) = f
z
+ x cos z =
e
y
z
2
Hence D

(z) = 0, D(z) is a constant and


f(x, y, z) =
x
2
y
2
x sin z
e
y
z
+ D
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 3
Iterated integrals
_
5
3
x(x
2
+ y)dx =
x
4
4
+
x
2
y
2

5
3
= 8y + 136
_
2
1
x(x
2
+ y)dy = x
3
y +
xy
2
2

2
1
= x
3
+
3x
2
_
2
1
__
5
3
x(x
2
+ y)dx
_
dy = 4y
2
+ 136y

2
1
= 148
_
5
3
__
2
1
x(x
2
+ y)dy
_
dx =
x
4
4
+
3x
2
4

5
3
= 148
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 4
Volume
Given a function z = f(x, y) 0 on a region R,
the integral
_
R
f
is the volume of the solid under the graph of f
{(x, y, z)|(x, y) R, 0 z f(x, y)}
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 5
Example.
R=[0,4]x[0,4] and f(x, y) = x
2
+ y
2
. Then the
volume of the solid is
_
R
f =
_
4
0
_
4
0
(x
2
+ y
2
)dxdy
=
_
4
0
_
x
3
3
+ y
2
x
_
4
0
dy
=
_
4
0
_
64
3
+ 4y
2
_
dy
=
_
64
3
y + 4
y
3
3
_
4
0
dy
=
512
3
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 6
Exercises
1. Find a function f(x,y) such that
f
x
= e
x
3x
2
y
2
,
f
y
= 2x
3
y + y
2. Evaluate the integrals
_
1
0
_
1
0
(4 x 2y)dxdy
_
1
0
_
1
0
(2 x
2
y
2
)dydx
Sketch the solid whose volume is given by the it-
erated integrals
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 7
Integration over a region
D = {(x, y) | a x b, g
1
(x) y g
2
(x)}
_
D
f =
_
b
a
_
g
2
(x)
g
1
(x)
f(x, y) dydx
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 8
Similarly, for
D = {(x, y) | c y d, h
1
(y) x h
2
(y)}
Then
_
D
f =
_
d
c
_
h
2
(y)
h
1
(y)
f(x, y) dxdy
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 9
Example The region of integration is bounded
by x = y, x = y
2
and between y = 1 and y = 2
_
D
xy dxdy =
_
2
1
_
y
2
y
xy dxdy =
_
2
1
_
y
4
2

y
2
2
_
ydy
=
1
2
_
2
6
6

2
4
4

1
6
+
1
4
_
=
27
8
Also,
_
D
xy dx dy =
_
2
1
_
x

x
xy dy dx+
_
4
2
_
2

x
xy dy dx
=
1
2
__
2
1
x(x
2
) x(x)dx +
_
4
2
x(4) x(x)dx
_
=
1
2
_
15
4

7
3
+ 24
56
3
_
=
27
8
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 10
Example. R is bounded by y = 2x and y = x
2
,
with 0 x 2. Since x 2, x
2
2x,
_
R
(x + 2y) dx dy =
_
2
0
_
2x
x
2
(x + 2y) dy dx
=
_
2
0
[x(2x x
2
) + (2x)
2
(x
2
)
2
]dx
=
_
2x
3

x
4
4

x
5
5
_
2
0
= 16 4
32
5
=
28
5
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 11
_
R
(x + 2y) dxdy =
_
4
0
_

y
y/2
(x + 2y) dxdy
=
_
4
0
_
(

y)
2
2

(
y
2
)
2
2
+ 2y(

y
y
2
)
_
dy
=
_
y
2
4

y
3
24

y
3
3
+
4y
5/2
5
_
4
0
= 4 24 +
128
5
=
28
5
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 12
Construction. A storage bin is constructed in the
shape of the solid bounded above by the surface
z = 20 x
2
y
2
below by the xy plane, and on the sides by the
plane y=0 and the parabolic cylinder y = 4 x
2
,
where x, y, and z are in meters.
Volume of the bin is
V =
_
2
2
_
4x
2
0
(20 x
2
y
2
)dydx
=
_
2
2
[(20 x
2
)(4 x
2
)
1
3
(4 x
2
)
3
]dx
= 2
_
2
0
_
x
6
3
+ 5x
4
8x
2
+
176
3
_
dx
= 2
_
2
7
21
+ 2
5

8(2
3
)
3
+
176
3
(2)
_
= 2
_
128
21
+ 128
_
=
22
21
(256)
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 13
Average Distance. The average of a function f
dened in a region R is
_
R
f dA
A
=
_
R
f dA
_
R
1 dA
where A is the area of the region R
A city occupies a semicircular region of radius
3km bordering on the ocean. Find the average
distance from points in the city to the ocean
_
R
y dA =
_
3
3
_
_

9x
2
0
ydy
_
dx =
1
2
_
3
3
(9x
2
)dx
=
1
2
(18 (18)) = 18
The average distance is 18/(9/2) = 4/
Lecture 4: Multiple Integrals 14
Homework
1. A fancy jewelry box has the shape of the solid
bounded above by the plane
3x + 4y + 2z = 12
below by the xy plane, and on the sides by the
planes x=0 and y=0 where x, y, and z are in inches.
Find the volume of the box
2. Monthly production of a factory is
Q = 50K
3/5
L
2/5
where K is the capital investment in units of $1,000
and L is the size of the labor force measured in
worker-hours. Suppose that monthly capital in-
vestment varies between $10,000 and $12,000, while
monthly use of labor varies between 2,800 and 3,200
worker-hours. Find the average monthly produc-
tion of the factory.

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