UNDER IMPERIAL SPAIN --------------------------------------------Gospel, Gold and Glory- their main purpose of sailing.

Opening of the World to European Shipping was the most spectacular change during Renaissance (recovery) which shaped the history. Spain and Portugal- able to finance several daring reconnaissance (exploration) enterprise in unknown, undiscovered, and uncharted, untouched continents. Europe- said to be the diverse ancient civilization and cultures. Late 15th Century- new sea lanes to Southeast Asia were charted which led to Spice Trade Route Portugal- First initiated the sail in 1488 (Indian Ocean), 1511 (Malacca), 1512 (Maluku or Moluccas) Spain-2nd to sail via Western or Southwestern route, 1492 (West Indies), 1521, Rediscovery of the Philippines. 1.) EAST MEETS WEST Making more food appetizing to the discriminating medieval tastes triggered the search for spices of all sorts. Merchants become more important to the people. Inclusion of Asian trade o Europe led the flow of economic products and wealth of the Asia and dynamic interactions of culture to European societies. 2.) THE LUSITANIAN-HISPANIC RIVALRY IN MARITIME DISCOVERIES 1451-1470. All the islands in Azores in the Atlantic, discovery of America. Florentine Map Maker Paolo Toscanelli- discovered westward sea route to India. Christopher Columbus- discovered America but it was not named after him in honor to Amerigo Vespucci Inter caetera and Eximiae Devotionis- giving the Spain the right over any lands newly discovered by Columbus. 3.) MAGELLAN EXPEDITION ( 1518-1521) Ferdinand Magellan- a Portuguese serving Spanish loyalty, began the greatest of all epics of human discovery. March 17, 1521- Magellan reached the Philippines. Victoria- completed the voyage back to Spain led by Juan Sebastian Del Cano. 1. Proved that the Earth was round 2. Established the vastness of the Pacific Ocean 3. Proved that the East Indies could be reached by crossing the Pacific 4. Americans was really a land mass entirely separate from Asia 4.) MALUKU AND THE PHILIPPINES There were three Spanish expeditions: a.) Saavedra (1527-29) b.) Villalobos (1541-46) c.) Legazpi (1564) became the most successful. 5.) TREATY OF ZARAGOZA King Charles V- ceded his alleged rights to Maluku to John IIII of Portugal for 350,000 ducats, not knowing that they rightfully belonged to the Portuguese area of responsibility. 6.) VILLALOBOS EXPEDITION Ruy Lopez de Villalobos- reached the eastern coast of Mindanao Named Tandaya or Kandaya the Leyte as Las Philipinas in honor of Crown Prince Philip II. 7.) LEGAZPI-URDANETA EXPEDITION (1564) February 1565- Legazpi reached Cebu. Santo Nio of Cebu- became the first Spanish town established in the archipelago. Fr. Andres de Udaneta- Legazpis Chief Pilot.

8.) THE MAKING OF THE SPANISH INDIO Adelantado de Filipinas- the peerless and single title given to Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in accomplishing an almost bloodless conquest of the Philippines. 9.) POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS 1565-1821. The Philippines was a captaincy-general administered by the Spanish King through the viceroyalty of Nueva Espaa (Mexico). Bureaucracy in the colonial Philippines: King-captain general, Gobernador heneral- commander-in-chief, president of the real audencia,highest judicial body,vice real patron. Alcadia- formerely encomienda( provincial level. Provincial or hukuman- called Lalawigan Alcalde mayor- provincial governor Corremientos- unpacified military zones (headed by corregidores) 10.) THE RESIDENCIA (1501-1799) AND THE VISITA (1499-ca. 18th Century) RESIDENCIA- judicial review of e residenciado conducted at the end of his term of office supervised publicly by a juez de residencia. VISITA- it was conducted clandestinely by a visitador-general sent from Spain and might occur any time within the officials term, without any previous notice. It coul either be specific or general. 11.) THE FILIPINO BUREAUCRATS. Little governor or the gobernadorcillo- the highest government position a Filipino could attain during the Spanish regime Cabeza de Barangay- in the barrio, his main role was a tax and contributions collector for the gobernadorcillo. He is exempted from the tax. 12.) THE AMALGAMATION (UNION) OF CHURCH AND STATE Spanish Clergy- exercises political and economic power. The church meddling in the civil government and press censorship. Malolos Constitution-innovated the separation of church and the state Doroteo Cortes- led the first and only anti-friar demonstration against the intolerable church abuses in Manila on March 1, 1888. Frailocracia(frailocracy)- a situation wherein there is a high influence of the church on the state.

Reported by:

Cagas, George Michael B. Dumandan, Geraldine C. Fernandez, Mark Anthony

Passed to: Mrs. Tina M. Delera Subject teacher