201 Patterns Chinese Sentences

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran
01 Sentence Pattern 1:
SENTENCE = NOUN (that is a subject) (Adverb) STATIVE VERB SENT = Ns ADV SV Example: W hn li. I [am] pretty tired. 01x
Examples: W hn li. W hn mng W hn go xng. W hn mn. W hn tng! T hn m fn. N hn to yn!

SENTENCE = SENTENCE + ma Example: N hn li ma? Are you tired?
02x
Examples: T sh Mi Gu rn ma? N q ch fn ma? Nmen b li ma? Tmen zi jili ma?
03
Sentence Pattern 3 SENTENCE = A noun that is a subject, a transitive verb, and a noun that is an object. SENT = Ns (ADV) TV No Example: Wmen mi fngzi. We buy houses. We buy a house.
03x Example Wmen mi q ch. Tmen xi z. Lo h ch ru. 04 Sentence Pattern 4:
A sentence may be formed by a subject plus the word sh plus the name of a set of things. SENTENCE = Ns sh Nset Example: Xio Hu sh mo. Little Flower is a cat.
04x Example
Tmen sh shi? Tmen sh lo sh ma? Tmen sh png yu ma? Tmen du sh png yu.
A predicate can be formed from an adverb and an immmediately following verb, verb and object, etc.. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject ADVERB PREDICATE SENT = Ns ADV PRED Example: Xio Hu b sh mo. Little Flower is not a cat.
05x
Examples:
Wmen zu tin li le. Tmen y jng zi. Wmen hi mi zu. Tmen y jng zu le.
Certain nouns preceded by certain stative verbs (which function adjectively) can take the place of simple nouns in many sentences. NOUN = SV N Example: ho hizi good child
06x
Examples:

go fngzi i fngzi go chzi i chzi d rn xio hizi go sh i sh
Sentence Pattern 7: A sentence can appear in a multiple choice format, i.e., the sentence includes a verb in its positive form and follows it with that verb in its negative form, and to answer that question one selects the correct alternative and repeats the sentence with only that verb present. SENTENCE = Ns PRED negative PRED Examples: T d b d? T b d. or T hn d. Is he big? He is not big. or He is pretty big. Tmen sh b sh png yu? Tmen sh png yu. or Tmen bshi png yu. Are they friends? They are friends. or They are not friends. 07
07x
Examples: ()
Tmen yu mi you shng q? T sh bshi nde lo sh? T pio (liang) b pio liang? Nmen zu tin zi b zai ji?
The locational zerb zi A sentence is formed with a subject + a locational verb + a noun that names a place Sentence = Ns LV NOUNloc 08x
Examples:
Shi zi mn kur? N zi shme sh hu li ? Zi w kn, n zu pio ling!
The locations where people or things are found may be formed by mentioning, e.g., a building, and then adding a determining term such as "inside." So one says, "the barn behind," rather than "behind the barn." NOUNloc = broad location name + inside, outside, etc. NOUNloc = NOUNloc + ltou/witou/shngtou/xitou/d xi, etc. Examples: fngzi ltou, fngzi witou, fngzi shngtou, inside the house, outside the house, on the house, fngzi xitou, fngzi d xi, at the bottom of the house, under the house, fngzi qintou, fngz hutou, etc. in front of the house, at the back of the house, etc.
09x Example Ddi b zi fngzi ltou, t zi fngzi shngtou. Mmi b zi fngzi shngtou, t zi fngzi d xi. .
Saying "there are" in Chinese requires mention, or at least implicit reference to, a place or time, and an afrmation that it has a certain person or thing. The full form of this statement is as follows: SENTENCE = zi location yu object (In location there is/are [object or objects])
10x
Examples: () (Zi) jio sh ltou yu r shge rn. Zi shnshang mi yu rn. Zi sn din zhng, Mma y jng hu li le.
A specier, a number, a measure word, and a noun can stand in for a simple noun. (Either the specier or the number may be omitted.) NOUN = SP # MW NOUN k fi (these three cups of coffee) k fi (three cups of coffee k fi (this cup of coffee)
example: zhi sn bi sn bi zhi bi
11x
Examples:

12 Sentence pattern 12:
Indenite vs. Denite Some sentences have indenite reference, e.g., "Fngzi ltou yu y xi rn." (There are some people in the house.) Once those sentences have drawn attention to the formerly indenite individuals, they become identied in everyone's minds as "the individuals," "these individuals," "those individuals," etc. Example: Fngzi ltou yu y xi rn. Ni xi rn du sh png yu. (In the house there are some people. Those people are all friends.) S sh witou yu jge rn. Ni xi rn du sh xu shng. (Outside the dormitory there were several people. Those people are all students.)
12x Example
Zi fngzi qintou zhnzhe wge rn. n xi rn du zho b do gng zu. Zi zhng shn gu xio yu qge lo sh. tmen du sh n lo sh ma?
A sentence can be formed with a subject plus an intransitive verb. Sentence = Ns ITV Example: Lo Sh mng tin li. (Teacher is coming tomorrow.)
13x
Examples:
W b q. Mimei hi mi yu li ne. W men zu ba. B yo lun po.
SENTENCE = SENTENCE Adding at the end of a sentence changes a command or a at statement into a suggestion.
10
14x
A noun expression can be formed by a modifying phrase or clause linked to the original (unmodied) noun using de. NOUN = modier de NOUN Examples: q de rn li de rn b q de rn mi yu li de rn zu tin li de rn b zi de rn (people who go) (people who came) (people who are not going) (people who did not come) (people who came yesterday) (people who are not present)
15x
Examples: B qde rn hn du. W hn hui y n xi b qde rn. B qde rn zai` nr? M Gung zi n xi b qde rn l min ma?
11
A predicate can be composed of a locative verb, the name of a location, and a predicate indicating what is done there. PRED = LV Nlv PRED example: zi t sh gun nin sh study at the library
16x
Examples:
Tmen chng chng zi jili chng g. Nmen b yo zi t sh gunli shu jio W zi r lng lng sn nin hu li le.
RULE Rule: Set the stage and only then tell the action.
RULE
Note: Chinese word order is strongly dominated by the sequence of events in the real world. For instance, causes are mentioned before effects. Where something occurs has to be mentioned before the action moves onto that stage. In English, to the contrary, the information about time and place is frequently put into a tag ending such as, "in 1948," "on the elevator," etc.
12

Questions and sentences about indenite items can be formed by using Xwords. n n ni ni (that "which" or "something") (that "which" or "something") 17x
Examples: n gu rn n tin n wi n xi people of which country which day (when) which person of status (which honorable lady/gentleman) which several items
A predicate can be formed by placing a modifying or auxillary verb before the main verb. PRED = AUX V PRED These auxillary verbs have similar meanings. means to be physically able to do something and/or that environmental factors permit doing something. means to have learned how to do something, and means "permissible," although it is often used to mean "can" in the sense that a possibility for some action or result exists. example Rn hu shu hu (People know how to talk) Rn b nng fei-. (Humans do not have the physical ability to y.) Nmen b k y zi zhr ch fn. (You may not eat here.)
13
18x
Examples:
T hu shu Zhng Gu hua`. T lo le, b nng zu l le. N zhi yng zu sh b k yde.

19
Sentence Pattern 19: A predicate can be composed of a locative verb, the name of a location, and a predicate indicating what is done there, but a predicate can also be composed of one predicate that indicates something like going somewhere in order to do something, doing something in order to be able to do something else, etc. In English we generally use the word "to" as a link between the rst and second predicate, e.g., "He bought a saw to cut the wood," or, "She went to London to see the Queen." In Chinese, however, there typically is no word corresponding to that "to," and the two clauses are simply jammed together. PRED = PREDa (to) PREDb Example hu ji xixi go home to rest
19x
Examples: W do chng l q mi. T do chi chng q wn. Nmen do din yng yun q kn "R Ch" ba. T mi sh sng gi t mma. T yng shu d ki xing zi. T yng wng yun jng kn Hu Xng de yn h. T ma-ma mi j dn zu dn go. Jijie do D Gu q li xu.
14
20 Sentence Pattern 20: Anywhere a noun can be used in a sentence it can be replaced by an exclusive or construction (either X or else Y). NOUN = NOUNa hishi NOUNb Example: Xio wwa sh nn hizi hishi n hizi? Is the baby a boy or a girl? 20x
Examples: T sh nde lo sh hishi nde n png yu? N jn tin xing ch j ru hishi ni ru? W b zh do nge rn sh lo xinsheng hi shi nin qng rn.
21 Sentence pattern 21
A sentence can be formed using the special verb compound zh zi (which means something close to the English expression resides at). SENTENCE = Ns zh zi Nlocation Example: Nige xushng b zh zi s sh. That student does not reside in the dormitory.
21x
Examples:
15
22 Sentence Pattern 22: COVERBS:
A coverb is can be a special kind of verb that cooperates with the verb that follows it and acts to give additional information about that verb. Often coverbs cannot be used alone or are rarely used alone. One such coverb, which otherwise appears in resultative verb compounds, is l. As an active verb it means "to separate from." As a coverb, it means "is separated from" and requires a following stative verb or something indicating a length in space or time and that functions like a stative verb in such sentences. PRED = COVERB NOUNcoverb PRED example: T sh gun l xu xio b yun. The library is separated from the school not far. 22x
Examples:

Ji Jn Shn l Bi Jng hn yun. W ji l n ji b yun. Shu Xng l T Xng hn yun.
16
23
Sentence Pattern 23: In the development of the Chinese language its speakers felt a need to ag certain sentences as indicating that there had been a change in the status of events. In English we sometimes do this by prexing a sentence with the phrase, "It came to pass that..." By sometime around the year 1200, Chinese speakers were doing much the same thing by appending the word "li" (to come) to sentences. In somewhat the same way that the English phrase, "God be with you" tranformed into "goodbye," the terminal "li" became "le," also losing its tone in the process. SENTENCE = SENTENCE le Example: Mma li le. (There's been a change. Mom is coming!) or (There's been a new development. Mom is here!) Example: Bba b li le. (There's been a change. Dad is not coming after all.) Example: Wwa ch fn le. (Baby has started eating solid food!) (Sometimes a change is "the rst time ever.") 23x RULE RULE
If nothing happens, do not use
17
24 Pattern 24:
Numbers are formed in a very orderly way in Chinese. In high school math we learn to write numbers in the following format: d (1000) + e (100) + f (10) + g But we say fty instead of ve tens. Chinese follows the basic mathematical schema shown above: c (10,000) + d (1,000) + e (100) +f (10) + g c (wn) + d (qin) + e (bi) + f (sh) + g So, for example, 17,345 is read: y wn q qin sn bi s sh w. 24x
Examples: y wn lng w sh 10050 sn sh wn lng w kui qin $30,005 y bi y sh tin 115 days y wn lng r bi lng sn 10,0203
18
25 Sentence Pattern 25: Chinese uses a logical order or a sentence order that follows the time sequence of events in almost every situation. One such case is the sentence pattern that is used to indicate the actuality and/or the future potentiality to achieve a result. Many of the instances of this pattern are gurative and may seem abstract to English speakers. So it is important to start with an example that may make more sense to the beginning learner of the Chinese language: VERB = VERB + Resultative VERB Example: Tmen ch bo. They eat [and so] get full. The negative form of this sentence, indicating that they did not get enough to eat is: Example: Tmen mi (yu) ch bo. They have not gotten full.
25x
Examples:
T shu zho le. T men hi mi ch wn ne. W mi yu kn dng. N zh mo po dio le.

26
Sentence Pattern 26:
As mentioned in Pattern 20, the coverb l can also be used with the designation of a length of space or time, and that expression functions like a stative verb in such sentences. PRED = COVERB NOUNcoverb PRED Example: T sh gun l zhr sn gng l. The library is three kilometers from here.
19
26x Examples:
Ji Jn Shn l Bi Jng yun.

Tin Jn l Bi Jng b yun.
27 Sentence Pattern 27 Distances between different places can be compared by making an sentence that follows this pattern: SENT = (V l W) b (X l Y) PRED Example: Yng Gu l F Gu b A r ln l D Gu jn. The distance from England to France is (nearer =) less than the distance from Ireland to Germany.
27x Examples: Ji Jn Shn l B L b Ln Dn l Lu M yun. Shu Xng l T Xng b Hu Xng l Jn Xingyun.
20
28 Sentence Pattern 28
Chinese regularly proceeds from the largest unit to to the least signicant unit, so in giving dates, the year is mentioned rst, followed by the month, and then the date. In writing one uses r for the date, but in speaking one usually says ho. nin nin yu yu r ho
Example: r lng y sn nin s yu w r 2013 April 5 28x Examples: Tde shng r sh sn yu r sh q ho. T mng nin sh y yu w ho hu gu .
As well as indicating that a given location has certain people or things in it, in Chinese one can also show that a given location has certain people or things in it doing something. SENTENCE = (zi) LOCATION yu NOUNsubject PREDICATE SENT = (zi) Nlocation yu Ns PRED Example: (Zi) t sh gun witou yu rn t z qi. Outside the library there are people playing soccer.
21
29x Examples: Zi s sh l yu rn d pi. Zi t sh gun ltou mi yu rn b shu jio. Bi tin mi yu rn zi s shli shu jio.
A sentence can be formed with a coverb that introduces a point of origin and a verb that indicates whether the subjects motion is toward the speaker or not. SENTENCE = Subject COVERB NOUNorigin VERB SENT = Ns CV Norgin VERB Example: T cng Mi Gu li. S/he comes from America.
30x Examples: Tmen cng Hn Gu li le. W mng tin b cng ji l li. W mng tin cng w png yu de ji l li.
22
A sentence can be formed with a coverb that introduces a point of origin and a verb that indicates whether the subjects motion is toward the speaker or not, which is then followed by the action that the subject performs after arrival. SENTENCE = Subject COVERB NOUNorigin VERB (to) PREDICATE SENT = Ns CV Norgin VERB (to) PRED Example: T cng Mi Gu li nin sh. S/he comes from America to study. 31x Examples: Tmen mi tin zo shng cng jili li mi du jing. Yude rn zh ji cng s sh li shng k. Mi yge rn cng z jde ku di li n ch y kui qin.
In Chinese, some verbs make function as transitive verbs part of the time and as passive verbs the rest of the time. One example is jio, which can mean to call, to yell, or to order, but it can also mean, to be called, to be named. Example: W jio Kng An Gu. I called out to Kng An Gu. or I am called Kng An Gu.
23
32x Examples: W jio Wng Xio Xin. Qng jio n bba ch l i. W jio M S Ling. N jio shme mng zi?
The Chinese language mentions causes before effects and tools before the effects they cause. One instance of this general rule is to mention modes of conveyance before telling of the journey. SENTENCE = Nsubject COVERB NOUNcoverb PREDICATE SENT = Ns CV Ncv PRED Example: Wmen zu ch q. We go by car.
33x Examples: N zu ch q ma? W b yo zu fi j q. T d sun zu hu ch li. N b yunyi zu chun do Zhng Gu q ma?
24
34 Pattern 34
In Chinese sentences about going to someplace are parallel in structure to sentences about coming from someplace. (See Pattern 27.) SENTENCE = NOUNsubject do NOUNdestination li/q SENT = Ns do Ndestination li/q Examples: Tmen do xu xio li. They come to school. Tmen do t sh gun q. They go to the library. 34x Examples: N do nr q? W do D Hu fn gun q. Nde hizi y jng do zhr li le.
35 Pattern 35
SENTENCE = NOUNsubject do NOUNdestination VERB PREDICATE SENT = Ns do Ndestination VERB PRED Examples: Tmen do xu xio li nin sh They come to school to study. Tmen do t sh gun q ji sh. They go to the library to borrow books.
25
35x Examples: N do nr q ch fn? W do D Hu fn gun q ch fn. Nde hizi y jng do zhr li mi sh le.
Chinese uses a weakened form of a resultative verb, lio, to clarify conversations about whether some expected action has actually been done. As a verb ending, lio is pronounced le. Example: A: N yu mi yu ch yo? B: Chle. A: Did you take your medicine? B: I did [take it].
36x Examples @411 @911 989 @421 @921 979
26
Coordinated use of le. The verb le ags the fact that someone did do something, and so a change must have occurred. The sentence le ags the fact that a change has occurred, so in cases where a verb le is used it is frequently appropriate to add a sentence le. When an intransitive verb occurs at the end of a sentence, the two le merge into one. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject TRANSITIVE VERB le NOUNobject le Ns TV le No le Example: W ch le yo le I did take the medicine. (I took the medicine.) Lo bn li le! The boss is here! 37x
Sentence Pattern 37a . A sentence terminal le indicates that a possible change has now occurred. In other words, a sentence that previously was not true has now become true. For instance, the following statement is not true, but someday it might become true: "The rst human being has set foot on the planet Mars." When the adverbial expression y jng is used in a sentence, a sentence terminal le is generally obligatory because saying "already" indicates that some change must have occurred.
SENT = SENT le
example: W b y le. I have graduated. T b sh xio hizi le, t y jng sh d rn le. He is not a child anymore, he has already become an adult.
Step Four
27
Sentence Pattern 37b A verb nal -le indicates that the subject of the sentence did do something. (Such sentences generally can be construed as answers to a question of the form, "Did you do [the expected action]?" For instance a parent might ask the children, "Did you all eat your brussels sprouts yet?")
VERB = VERB-le
example: Nmen chle b ci mi yu? Have you eaten your spinach? Chle. [We] did.
Example
Both the point of origin and the destination can be mentioned in the same sentence. As with other cases, the Chinese language always follows the natural order, so the origin gets mentioned before the destination. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject cng NOUNorigin do NOUNdestination li /q SENT = Ns cng Norigin do Ndestination li /q Example: Mma cng xu xio do yn hng q . Mama went from the school to the bank.
28
38x Examples: @141 @641 @151 @651 @161 @661 @171 @671
An example of the narrative structure embedded in many Chinese sentences is the mention of an action done in preparation for another action followed by the intended action. The verb means to head oneself in a certain direction. It must be followed by a word meaning to walk, to run, to turn, etc. SENTENCE = wng NOUNdirection INTRANSITIVE VERB SENT = wng Ndirection ITV Example: Wng dng zu . (Lit.) Head yourself toward the east and then walk. Wng x po. (Lit.) Head yourself toward the west and then run.
39x Examples: @191 @691 @201 @701 @211 @711 @221 @721
29
Trigger events with le. When the trigger event shall have occurred (le) it will then (ji ) be appropriate to do the next thing. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject TRANSITIVE VERB le NOUNobject, NOUNsubject ji PREDICATE. (If the same subject is used in both clauses, mention it only once.) SENT = Ns1 TV le No (Ns2) ji PRED Example: N do le yn hng, ji wng dng gui . When you do get to the bank then turn east. Do le xu xio , t ji do l tou q le. When he got to school, he then went inside.
40x Example
Narrative structure: A frequent device used in conveying directions is to indicate what is done prior (xin ) to doing something else, and then indicating what is done thereafter (rn hu ). This format works for future actions, plans, etc. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject 1 xin PREDICATE, rn hu (NOUNsubject 2 ) PREDICATE SENT = Ns1 xin PRED, rn hu (Ns2 ) PRED Example: N xin do yn hng q , rn hu wng x gui . First go to the bank, and after that turn west.
30
41x Examples:
Two verbs can be used in series to communicate ideas like ugly (difcult to look at). In English it is necessary to separate two predicates with "to", but in Chinese there is no such necessary separator. Expressions like "difcult to look at" can mean "ugly," so "difcult to read" is usually expressed by using instead of . PREDICATE = PREDICATE1 [to] PREDICATE2 PRED = PRED1 [to] PRED2 Example: nn kn difcult to look at
42x Example
31
43 Sentence pattern 43 One coverb is so often used that it is treated here as forming a sentence pattern in its own right. That coverb is b, which means as compared to. the subject is compared to some standard known to all parties in the conversation.
43x Examples: @271 @771 @281 @781
44 sentence pattern 44
Predicates involving resultative verbs (pattern 24) can be expanded to indicate the potentiality, or lack of it, to achieve the result. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject VERB d/b RESULTATIVE VERB SENT = Ns V d/b RV Example: T ch b bo. W ch d bo. He cannot eat to satiety. I can get full.
44x Examples:
32
Narrative structure is often aided by expressions such as the man who came to dinner. If both parties is a discussion know some such fact about a third party, but do not know that persons name, the commonly held information can substitute for a name. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject sh (PREDICATE de NOUN) SENT = Ns sh (PRED de N) or SENTENCE = (PREDICATE de NOUN) PREDICATE SENT = (PRED de N) PRED Examples: T y dng sh zu tin lide nige rn. He is surely that person who came yesterday. Zu tin lide nige rn mile xn q ch le. Now that person who came yesterday has purchased a new automobile.
45x Examples:
33
46 Sentence Pattern 46 One special kind of predicate modier comes after the main verb because it follows the general pattern whereby the natural order of events is mirrored by sentence structure. If, for instance, one speaks and thereby get a good result, that establish the fact that one speaks well. The same statement can record past events or indicate future potentialities. The positive form of these sentences uses a main verb followed by d and then by a complement that expresses the capacity that has been demonstrated, so these modiers are called adverbs of capacity. PREDICATE = INTRANSITIVE VERB d MODIFIER PRED = ITV d MOD Examples: T shu d ho. He speaks well. Tmen po d kui. They run fast. 46x Examples:
34
Simply stating that someone sings well may not tell other people very much. Others frequently want to know that someone sings well in comparison to some well-known singer. The basic sentence pattern involved is: Ns V de2 PRED. That sequence does not change, but it is supplemented by putting in a coverb, bi3: SENTENCE = NOUNsubject b NOUNstandard PREDICATE SENT = Ns b Nstandard PRED Example: Tmen b m po d kui They run faster than horses. 47x Examples: Miriam Makeba@181@681 @499@999
35
48
Sentence Pattern 48 The so-called shi...de pattern is another case wherein something already mentioned or obvious from context is habitually omitted. For instance, in a story about the Marx brothers or the Van Trapp family of singers, Tmen sh hn yu mngde rn, has a redundant element because everyone in the conversation knows full well that the Marx brothers are humans, and so are the members of the Van Trapp family. But this sentence pattern has two special functions: (1) It is frequently used to correct misinformation voiced by someone else. (2) Its use generally indicates, since somebody can be characterized as, e.g., a graduate of some university, that event must have already happened. So it gives some of the same information that putting a sentence into past tense does in the English language. This structure has many practical uses. It can indicate a kind of passive idea when, e.g., a book is described as one that that Hemingway wrote, it can be used to give prominence in a sentence to the element that immediately follows , and it can give essentially the same information as is given in English by putting the main verb of a sentence in past tense. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject sh PREDICATE de. SENT = Ns sh PRED de. Example: W b sh qin tin lide, w sh zu tin li de. I did not come the day before yesterday, I came yesterday. T sh d xu b yde. She is a college graduate. (She has graduated from college.) Structure note: These sentences always leave out a redundant part, the noun after the at the end of the sentence. For instance: Similarly, it would not be idiomatically correct to say: Those people are <people> from France.
36
48x Examples:
B du. W b sh hu shu R y de, w sh hu shu Yng y de.

No. I'm not the one who knows how to speak Japanese, I'm the one who knows how to speak English. (= I can't speak Japanese, I speak English.)
49 Pattern 49 (see Pattern 21) One of the frequently used coverbs is gi. Literally it means to give somebody something as a present, or just to give, but it can also be used when one is doing something for somebody as a favor. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject gi NOUNindirect object NOUNdirect object SENT = Ns gi Nido Ndo Example: Mma gi w x yfu. Mama washed (my) clothes for me.
49x Examples:
37
50 Sentence Pattern 50 A sentence involving an adverb of capacity along with a transitive verb and a direct object takes the form SENTENCE = NOUNsubject TRANSITIVE VERB NOUNdirect object TRANSITIVE VERB d PREDICATE SENT = Ns TV No TV d PRED Example: Tmen xi z xi d kui. They write quickly.
50x Example
W ddi xi z xi de hn lun.
My little brother scribbles badly.
51 Sentence Pattern 52 Another coverb that is frequently used to make sentences is du , which means to direct oneself toward, to address (someone). SENTENCE = NOUNsubject COVERB NOUNobject PREDICATE SENT = Ns COVERB No PRED Example: Jng ch du d ji shu : Qng m shng hu ji q The policeman said to everyone: Please return home immediately!
38
51x Examples:
52
Sentence Pattern 52
Another coverb that is frequently used to make sentences is dui4, which means to direct oneself toward, to address (someone). means to direct oneself toward some object to perform some action, e.g., "She spoke to me," or "They were not very good to their visitors." SENTENCE = NOUNsubject COVERB NOUNobject PREDICATE SENT = Ns COVERB No PRED Example: Jng ch du d ji shu: Qng m shng hu ji q! The policeman said to everyone: Please return home immediately!
52x Example
Qin wn b yo du Wng lo b l mo!

For Heaven's sake do not be impolite to Don Wang!
39
A sentence can compare the capabilities of two subjects. The second subject mentioned is generally the better known of the two because it can then serve as a standard for comparison. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject ITV d b NOUNstandard RESULT SENT = Ns ITV d b Nstandard RESULT Example: T po d b w kui. She runs faster than I do.
5x Example
54 Sentence Pattern: 54 ne The sentence-ending particle ne gives a sense of suspension or anticipation. It is used in contexts where a rising intonation would be found in English, e.g., "I am Cyrus Brown. And you are? It also gives an indication that something has not yet changed. In that case it frequently coordinates with hi mi yu, "still have not." Examples: W jio Zhng n Gu , n ne? Wmen hi mi yu ch fn.
40
54x Example W hi mi yu b y ne. W xng Zhng. n ne? I still have not graduated. I am surnamed Zhang. And you
55 Sentence Pattern:55 Be aware: There are two kinds of .
after a verb means: Did do it. after a sentence means: There has been a change. Rule: If nothing happens, do not use .
55x Example
41
56 Sentence Pattern: 56
SENTENCE = Ns PREDa (to) PREDb -- with Dng sh, nnde m qn du w hn ho. At the time, your mother was very good to me. These verbs tell what tool was used, whom something was given to (or whom some favor was done for), and toward whom some attitude or behavior was directed.
56x Example
57 Sentence Pattern 57 The word y meaning to the in expressions indicating direction from some point is used in many sentences, often in conjunction with zi. place = nounreference place y nouncompass direction example: D Gu zi F Gu y dng. Germany is located to the east of France.
42
57x Example IQ
Tde q ch hn gu. sn sh wn y shng. Xio zhng hn lo. y dng w sh su y shng. P g tude IQ b go. y dng y bi fn y xi. Ch fn y qin yng gi x shu.
58 sentence pattern 58 Sentence = Ns Verb db result NOUNdestination NOUNcomplement Example: T po b shng shn li. He is unable to run up the mountain (to where we are).
58x Example
Xio nio fi b gu d hi. W bba y dng hu d lio ji. Wmen ji k nng mi d shng n su fngzi.
43
Another aspect marker: guo. The aspect marker le coming after a verb gives a positive answer to the implicit question, Did you do it? The aspect marker guo coming after a verb gives a positive answer to the implicit question, Have you done it (within a specied or implicit time period)? Example: N chguo zo fn ma? Have you eaten breakfast (today)? Tmen qguo Bi J ma? Have they (ever) been to the North Pole?
59x Example N y qin knguo b jn xide n bn sh ma? Shi knguo yu qide lng wi y min? Nmen tngguo fi zhu yn yu mi yu?
60 Sentence Pattern 60 Causation can be expressed by sentences that seem redundant in English, having the structure Because....., therefore....... SENTENCE = yn wi SENTENCE1, su y SENTENCE2 SENT = yn wi SENT1, su y SENT2 Example: Yn wi t bng le, su y tmi yu li shng k. Because he got sick, (therefore) he did not come to attend class.
44
60x Example Yn wi mma n tin hu b lio ji, su y jijie t t zu fn. Yn wi qin b gu, su y wmen zh ho ch bi ci. Yn wi hi lng hu hn lhai, su y d ji du hn p tmen.
Using y with (be)fore and aft(er) to indicate ideas of time sequence: Y qin is, literally, to the fore, so it can translated as before, and y hu is, literally, to the aft, so it can be translated as after. These expressions coordinate with zi in the structure of a sentence, and one says the word-for-word equivalent of, I at eatthe-meal-before wash hands. These expressions function as movable adverbs, so they may come before or after the subject of the sentence. Zi is frequently omitted. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject (zi) event y qin/hu PREDICATE = (Zi) event y qin/hu, NOUNsubject PREDICATE SENT = Ns (zi) event y qin/hu PRED = (Zi) event y qin/hu, Ns PRED Example: T zi tng xumen li y qin xin zu le fn. Zi tng xumen li y qin, t xin zu le fn. He cooked a meal before his schoolmates arrived.
61x Example Zi n hu ji y qin qng gi n f m d yge din hu. Mma jio w ch fn y hu y dng yo shu y. Knle nge din yng y hu, w ju d hn mn.
45
the sh...de sentence pattern can be used to indicate authorship. sentence = nounsubject sh nounauthor transitive verb de sent = ns sh nauthor tv de example: zh bn sh sh b jn xi de. this book is one that ba jin wrote. (this book is by ba jin.)
62x Example
46
63 Sentence Pattern 63 SENTENCE == Ns () PRED Ni3 you4 zai4 gui2 che3! You are now engaging in talking nonsense again. In English we use "ing" endings to indicate two things that are split up in Chinese. When the speaker wants to indicate an action that is occuring at the moment (in the same time slot), the adverbial expression () is used. Note well: would refer to people who happened at the time of the comment being made to be in the doorway. There being in the doorway intersected, temporally, with something else that was going on. would refer to people who happened to be in the doorway at this clock time, at the present hour and minute, not earlier or later in the day. refers to the persistence of the behavior of people, people who were standing around in the doorway (loitering, waiting for something to happen, etc.). Similarly, "Teacher is eating dinner." (Meaning that he is in the same time slot with your coming to visit, so, sorry, you can't come in.) Teacher is eating dinner." (Meaning that teacher is maintaining a process of putting food into his mouth and swallowing, etc., -- irrespective of anything else that is going on. He "just keeps on" eating.) "Teacher eats now." (Meaning that he did not eat at 11:00, and he will not eat at 1:00. He is eating at the present clock time.)
47
63x Example
PREDICATE == VERB zhe ne ( ) T kzhe ne. He just keeps on crying. In above, the "ing" meaning "just at this moment" was expressed. In this case the other alternative is expressed. The verb ending is used to indicate the drawing out of some event through time. If someone said, "" the emphasis would be on the weeping as a continuing state of distress. In English we might translate, "You're weeping!" but a more precise translation might be, "You've been crying!" The second sentence hints that the speaker can tell from the other person's appearance that the weeping has been going on for some time.
48
Sentence Pattern 64a A verb nal -zhe indicates continuing action, i.e., action that is not broken off, and therefore denitely not done with. Emphasis is on the persistence of the action, and has nothing to do with when it occurs.
VERB = VERB-zhe
example: Zutian Bba hu lide sh hu, Mimei hi kzhe. Little sister was still weeping when dad got back yesterday.
64x Example
SENTENCE == Ns ITV FV (ITV =) PV Nio fi shng li. The birds y up (toward us). A PV (post-verb) is really just an ordinary intransitive verb used for a special purpose. It indicates how the action described relates to the speaker. Is the action coming toward the speaker () or going in some other direction (). In the example above, the bird is ying up (the mountain or whatever it is) and it is approaching the speaker.
49
65x Example
SENTENCE == Ns FV Nfv T shng shn. She ascends the mountain.
66x Example
50
SENTENCE == Ns FV Nfv (ITV =) PV T shng shn li. He comes up the mountain. Note that the person is "coming up the mountain" but it is possible that this person is ying in an airplane or oating in a balloon. So the sentence does not actually claim that the actor does anything to the mountain.
67x Example
51
SENTENCE == Ns FV CV Ncv (ITV =) PV Tmen po hu shn shng li. They run back up onto the mountain. This pattern is similar to others in this series. Note how simpler patterns can be derived just by dropping elements that may already be understood.
68x Example
52
COVERB = T lo le, b nng zu l le. (He's gotten old and can't walk anymore.) Ch fn y qin b k y ch tng. (You may not eat candy before dinner.) N znme hi b hu ki ch?! (How come you still can't drive?) Qng n mng tin t w zu bo go. (Please issue the report for me tomorrow.) Bba t w l tu f. (Dad gave me a haircut.)
These coverbs have similar meanings. means to be physically able to do something and/or that environmental factors permit doing something. means to have learned how to do something, and means "permissible," although it is often used to mean "can" in the sense that a possibility for some action or result exists. t means to do something in somebody's stead, e.g., it was my job but I was ill so she did it for me. (And she got paid, too.)
53
69x Example
70 Sentence Pattern 70 (See Pattern 34)[[BLDS 55]]
Resultative Verb Compounds (as distinguished from Adverbs of Capacity} When the implicit question is whether the subject is able to do something at all or not, the predicate takes the form exemplied by kn d jin or kn b jin. Kn is the action of opening the eyes and attempting to look. Jin is the anticipfated result, actually seeing something. If injury to the eyes, an intervening obstacle to vision such as a dense cloud of smoke, etc., prevent vision from occurring, then the Chinese expression is kn b jin, and if vision occurs then the expression is kn d jin.These items cannot be compared. One either sees or fails to see. How well one sees requires a different formulation. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject VERBtried d/b VERBexpected result (NOUNobj) SENT = Ns Vtried d/b Vexpected result (No) Examples: T kn b jin le. She is no longer able to see. (Perhaps it has become too dark.) T kn b do tde mma. cannot spot his mama. (She must be there somewhere but He There are so many other people that he cannot spot her.) 70x ExampleVerb phrases of this time set up the implicit (or in some cases explicit) question of whether some specied result follows from a certain action. For instance asserts that it is possible or it has indeed proven possible to look and actually perceive something, whereas asserts that even though one looks one is unable to perceive. These are called resultative compounds.
54
71 Sentence Pattern 71 [[BLDS 56]]
Money is counted in terms roughly equivalent to dollars, dimes, and pennies. (in some economies dimes and pennies would have so little value that they are no longer used.) The formal dollar unit is yun, and the informal dollar unit is kui. The formal dime unit is jio, and the informal dime unit is mo. Qin means money. amount = j yun j kui Example: k jio l fn qin k mo l fn qin
sn yun w jio q fn qin sn kui w mo q fn qin three dollars ve dimes seven cents money three dollars and fty-seven cents
71x Examples
72 Sentence Pattern: 72 [[BLDS 57]]
Purchasing rice by the dollar, not by the number of grains. Frequently when people go to buy things like our, candy, etc. that are not pre-packaged, they will be asked, How much cheese do you want? and they may say something like, Give me three dollars worth of cheese. NOUN = amount de NOUN Example: W mi zh. N mi du sho qinde zh? W mi w kui qinde zh. I buy paper. You buy how much paper? I buy ve dollars worth.
55
72x Example
The coverb gn is used to form sentences indicating that two or more things are the same. The expression for the same is y yng. It functions as a stative verb. Saying, tmen y yng, asserts that they are all the same. Anything that is already known can serve as the standard by which new things are dened. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject gn NOUNstandard y yng SENT = Ns gn Nstandard y yng Example: T gn Kng Z y yng. She is just like Confucius.
73x Example
Ni^ gen- wo^ ge-ge wan/ quan/ yi/ yang`. You are just like my elder brother.
N gn w gge wn qun b y yng.

You are totally different from my elder brother.
56
SENTENCE =() SENTa SENTb can be used to set up a choice between ideas expressed in two full sentences.
74x Example
VERB = VERB / VERB-COMPLEMENT () Verb phrases of this time set up the implicit (or in some cases explicit) question of whether some specied result follows from a certain action. For instance asserts that it is possible or it has indeed proven possible to look and actually perceive something, whereas asserts that even though one looks one is unable to perceive. These are called resultative compounds.
57
75x Example
The sh...de sentence pattern can be used to give prominence to one element of a sentence, frequently when correcting somebody's misinterpretation of the facts. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject sh NOUNauthor PRED de SENT = Ns sh Nauthor PRED de
76x Example
58
the ... structure

Ta- shi` da` xue/ bi` ye`de. She is someone who has graduated from college.
This structure has many practical uses. It can indicate a kind of passive idea when, e.g., a book is described as one that that Hemingway wrote, it can be used to give prominence in a sentence to the element that immediately follows , and it can give essentially the same information as is given in English by putting the main verb of a sentence in past tense.
76x Example 77 Sentence Pattern 77 [[BLDS 59]]
Just as candy can be measured by the dollar, work can be measured by length of time. NOUNobject = time de NOUNobject No = time de No Example: T mi tin kn yge zhngtou de sh. Every day he reads an hours worth of books.
59
77x Example
Chinese answers questions like, What on earth happened to your bicycle? by using the coverb bi. It is just an accident that this word sounds a little like by. The sentence structure amounts to something like: My bicycle by little brother was wrecked. SENTENCE = NOUNfocus bi NOUNactor PREDICATE SENT = Nfocus bi NOUNactor PRED Example: Wde z xng ch bi Ddi q hui le. My bicycle by my little brother was ridden to destruction. (My bicycle got wrecked by my little brother.)
78x Example le Goldilocks
60
Words such as shei2, she2me, ji3ge, duo1 shao3 are called X words because they can either be used to ask questions, or they can stand for indeterminate or indenite objects. Ta1 you3 ji3ge peng2 you3 can be a question, How many friends does he have? or it can be a statement, He has several friends. Example: N jge rn zu tin hu Zhng Gu q le. Those several people returned to China yesterday.
79x Example
61
Two individuals or groups may be the same in one respect, e.g., two people may be equally tall. The verb y yng and the stative verb describing the respect in which people or things are the same form a complex verb. When a simple subject is involved the pattern is: SENTENCE: NOUNsubject y yng STATIVE VERB SENT = Ns y yng SV Example: Tmen y yng cng mng. They are equally intelligent. If two individuals or groups are mentioned, the pattern is similar to #58: SENTENCE = NOUNsubject gn NOUNstandard y yng PREDICATE SENT = Ns gn Nstandard y yng PRED Example: T gn w y yng x hun n. He likes you as much as I do.
80x Example Huckeberry Finn Gandi
62
In English, people sometime say things like, I have as much intelligence as she does. There is a close parallel in Chinese that is more often used: SENTENCE = NOUNsubject yu NOUNstandard nme PREDICATE SENT = Ns yu Nstandard nme PRED Example: T mi yu Kng Z nme cng mng He does not have as much intelligence as did Confucius. 81x Example Bill Gates (Beavis)
A special movable adverb is formed using y (to the) and wi (outside). It tells of something being eliminated from one place and being put in another so that it loses connection with its original background. The phrase y wi coordinates with the expression ch le, which literally means to weed out or to excise. So chle XYZ y wi means something like removing XYZ from consideration and looking at the things outside of it or other than it. SENTENCE = chle NOUNtarget y wi, SENTENCE SENT = chle Ntarget y wi SENT Example: Chle Bba y wi, wmen du hn hi p Except for Papa, we were all very frightened.
63
82x Example
83 Sentence Pattern 83 (repeat) [[BLDS 83]]
SENTENCE = NOUNsubject b NOUNobject PREDICATE SENT = Ns b No PRED. Example: Ddi b wde tng du ch gung le Little brother got my candy and ate it all up
64
83x Extended note on b : Ns No PRED
Lo h hu b ni du ch dio.
The tigers are apt to eat up all the cattle. Y. R. Zhao, A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, p. 344, notes: "As a generalized meaning of the second verb after a pre-transitive [ba], Wang Lih (Yeufaa, I, 160) described it as that of disposal (). But unless taken in a very broad sense, including disposal in an abstract sense, it will hardly be wide enough to apply to all cases." He also points out, on the following page, that "the one feature that is common to all the second verbal epressions after pretransitives is their polysyllabicity." On p. 346 he says that "a pretransitive is employed to advance the position of the object and get it out of the way." The structure is typically used in two situations. One is to give prominence to the idea of getting ones hands on something or somebody to do something to them. The other is simply to reposition the object of the verb ahead of the rest of the predicate to enable it to be governed by or to avoid breaking up verb clusters and making their meaning less clear. These sentences frequently answer the question, "Who got to your candy?" or "Who did that to your poor nose?" The answer says that so and so got ahold of it and did something to it. The noun governed by is always a specic individual or group. says that Grandpa gives us books every time he visits, but it is not some known group of books. , however, has to refer to the books," some known group of books that he decided to give us. In a sense this construction is very literal-minded. means "to take in hand," and if there isn't already something there to grab then it does not make sense to use b. In English it is possible to say something like, "Ba Jin started writing his new novel," but in Chinese one cannot use b as long as there is not something that one could take hold of. After there is something concrete in existence, b can be used to say things like, "Ba Jin nished up writing that new novel." ( B Jn b n bn xnde xio shu xi wn le.)
65
B functions as an "object mover-upper" in two situations: One is to put the object of the sentence where it can be governed by du. Tmen du mi le q ch le. "They all bought automobiles." but Tmen b q ch du mi le. "They bought all of the automobiles. The other function is to move the object out of a tightly bound cluster of verbal elements where it can nd no happy home. As beginning learners of Chinese develop a more advanced sense for the "feel" of the language, they will begin to recognize situations in which there seems to be no safe or appropriate place to put the object of a sentence because it keeps disturbing the ow and organization of that sentence. The ordinary way out of that problem is to move it up before all of those complications by using b.
83x Examples: Ddi chle tng. Little brother ate some candy. Ddi b wde tng ch le. Little brother got ahold of my candy and ate it. Ddi b wde tng du ch gung le. Little brother got ahold of my candy and ate it all up.
Ddi b wde tng n hu t png yude jili q gi tde y xi png yumen tu tu rde ch le.
Little brother got ahold of my candy and took it back to his friends house and gave it to a some friends of his to eat in secrecy. She turned my name into an object of ridicule. Your pig is too troublesome! I want to eat it! 343. Do not forget the key! 346 They explicated the incident. 350 All along the school has wanted to re me. 350 Do not behead that petty thief.
66
When verbs are qualied with regard to the mental attitude with which the actions are performed, the grammatical device is an adverb of manner. Adverbs normally are placed immediately before verbs, and adverbs of manner are not an exception to that rule. However, they are different from other adverbs in that they are reduplicated and often followed by another syllable, -er. They are joined to the following verb with the particle de. ADVERBmanner = STATIVE VERBa STATIVE VERBa -r de ADVmanner = SVa SVa r de Example: Qng n ho ho r de xi z. Please write your characters nicely. Qng n kui kui r de hu ji q. Please return home quickly.
84x Example
Sentences with indirect objects SENTENCE = Ns TV Nido Ndo Example: Tmen gi wmen sn bn sh. They are giving us three books.
67
85x Example
Time accreted to an activity SENT = Ns TV No you3 NOUNtime period
T nin sh yu snge zhngtou (le)

He has put three hours into reading (as of now).
86x Example
The more it rains the more it pours, etc. SENTENCE = NOUNsubject yu PREDa yu PREDb Example: T yu nin sh yu kn. The more he studied the sleepier he got.
68
87x Example
SENT = lin ns y/du PRED Example: Lin bi lo sh du shu wn hn nn.
88x Example
SENT = (Ns) lin nO (Ns) y/du PRED example: Bi lo sh lin Bi Gng du qguo. Lin Bi Gng Bi lo sh du qguo. 89x Example
69
90 Sentence Pattern 90 [[BLDS ]]
SENTENCE = Ns VERB zhe No Example: Pngzi shng xizhe Sn wn b gu gng On the bottle was written: "Three bowls and you won't make it over the mountain ridge."
90x Example
At the moment, during this time period (the lunch hour, etc.) A speaker at one time can relate how two people are or were doing things in the same time frame, e.g., When the guests arrived he was just then taking a bath. (K rn lide sh hu, t zhng zi x zo.) ADV = zhng zi 91x Example
70
SENT = Ns TV No TV d gn Nstandard y yng PRED Example: T ki ch kide gn w ddi y yng zo go.
92x Example
SENT = Ns TV No TV d yu Nstandard nme PRED. Example: Lo sh xi xio shu xi d yu B Jn nme du. Extension of a previous pattern 93x Example
71
Resultative verbs when the second element has a negative Example: Tmen po d b kui. Extension of a previous pattern 94x Example
More complex predicates like fi shng li ...... fi hu shnshang li. Extension of a previous pattern 95x Example
72
Coverb = nng, hu, k y -- need to differentiate these words
96x Example
zai4 LOCATION de NOUN
97x Example
73
None other than X did it too. SENTENCE = Jishi Ns y PREDICATE 98x Example
99 Sentence Pattern 99 Whoever wants to: SENTENCE = Shi yo PREDICATEa, shi ji PREDICATEa
99x Example
74
100 Sentence Pattern 100 Giving free rein: Sentence = NOUNsubject yo PREDICATEa ji PREDICATEa
100x Example
missing 101 102 Sentence Pattern 102 VERB = VERB + q li Example: W xing q li le!
102x Example
75
SENTENCE = Ns ADVmanner PRED Example: T sho gile y kui qin. T kuikurde po hu ji q le.
103x
Example
missing 104 104x 105 Sentence Pattern 105 One thing or the other, no third choice SENTENCE = B shi (item 1) ji sh (item 2) Example: B shi w do t ji q ch fn, ji sh t do w ji li d pi.
105x Example
76
106 Sentence Pattern 106 SENTENCE = VERB li VERB q (kshi /y) mi yu PREDICATE Example: Tmen y zh po li po q, kshi mi yu zho do ddi.
106x Example
Concessive intrusion in sentence = VERB sh VERB, kshi PRED Example: Zhi ling q ch, ho sh ho, kshi hn mn.
107x
Example
missing 108 missing 108x
77
ADV = y (meaning immediately upon) Example: N y go s n ddi, t ji gn w shu le.
109x Example
ADVERB = y (meaning the entire) Example: T b y le, wmen y ji du ho le!
110x Example

201 Patterns Chinese Sentences

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201 Patterns Chinese Sentences

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Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Examples: W hn li. W hn mng W hn go xng. W hn mn. W hn tng! T hn m fn. N hn to yn!

SENTENCE = SENTENCE + ma Example: N hn li ma? Are you tired?

Examples: T sh Mi Gu rn ma? N q ch fn ma? Nmen b li ma? Tmen zi jili ma?

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

03x Example Wmen mi q ch. Tmen xi z. Lo h ch ru. 04 Sentence Pattern 4:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

go fngzi i fngzi go chzi i chzi d rn xio hizi go sh i sh

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Shi zi mn kur? N zi shme sh hu li ? Zi w kn, n zu pio ling!

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

10 Sentence Pattern 10:

11 Sentence Pattern 11:

example: zhi sn bi sn bi zhi bi

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

12 Sentence pattern 12:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

13 Sentence Pattern 13:

W b q. Mimei hi mi yu li ne. W men zu ba. B yo lun po.

14 Sentence Pattern 14:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

15 Sentence Pattern 15:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

16 Sentence Pattern 16:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

17 Sentence Pattern 17:

18 Sentence Pattern 18:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

T hu shu Zhng Gu hua`. T lo le, b nng zu l le. N zhi yng zu sh b k yde.

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

22 Sentence Pattern 22: COVERBS:

Ji Jn Shn l Bi Jng hn yun. W ji l n ji b yun. Shu Xng l T Xng hn yun.

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

If nothing happens, do not use

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

T shu zho le. T men hi mi ch wn ne. W mi yu kn dng. N zh mo po dio le.

Sentence Pattern 26:

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Ji Jn Shn l Bi Jng yun.

27x Examples: Ji Jn Shn l B L b Ln Dn l Lu M yun. Shu Xng l T Xng b Hu Xng l Jn Xingyun.

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

33x Examples:                N zu ch q ma? W b yo zu fi j q. T d sun zu hu ch li. N b yunyi zu chun do Zhng Gu q ma?

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

36x Examples @411 @911 989 @421 @921 979

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

43x Examples: @271 @771 @281 @781

44 sentence pattern 44       

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

Chinese Sentence Patterns 2009 Patrick Edwin Moran

33x Examples: N zu ch q ma? W b yo zu fi j q. T d sun zu hu ch li. N b yunyi zu chun do Zhng Gu q ma?

44 sentence pattern 44

61 Sentence Pattern 61

70 Sentence Pattern 70 (See Pattern 34)[[BLDS 55]]

71 Sentence Pattern 71 [[BLDS 56]]

72 Sentence Pattern: 72 [[BLDS 57]]

73 Sentence Pattern 73 [[BLDS 58]]