Why EIA?

If a new industry (or any other project) is being planned or expansion of an existing industry which comes under schedule I. Requirement of EIA will depend on the nature of the project as per notification.

7. EIA
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT NOTIFICATION MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS

http://www.envfor.nic.in/divisions/iass/notif/eia.htm

How to meet the legal requirement?

What is EIA?

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1. Consent to establish
Environment - ECOLOGY - EFFECTS - METHODS

By submission of an EIA report +Project report +application to MoEF 2. Consent to Operate taken after establishment.

Impact Assessment

How to carry out an EIA?

Socio-economy Noise Transport Landscape Archeological/cultural assets Air Land Water Ecology

What is CP? It is waste reduction. INPUT A OUTPUT

waste

8. CP

Creative/Innovative inputs

13. Cleaner Production

B OUTPUT

INPUT

UNEP definition

Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the environment. Cleaner Production can be applied to the processes used in any industry, to products themselves and to various services provided in society.

For production processes, Cleaner Production results from one or a combination of conserving raw materials, water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous raw materials; and reducing the quantity and toxicity of all emissions and wastes at source during the production process.
Waste management, CP

For products, Cleaner Production aims to reduce the environmental, health and safety impacts of products over their entire life cycles, from raw materials extraction, through manufacturing and use, to the 'ultimate' disposal of the product.
DfE

For services, Cleaner Production implies incorporating environmental concerns into designing and delivering services.

Why CP? 1 2

Two methods/options in CP?

2 options of CP

1. Avoid/reduce 2. Recovery/Reuse/recycle
In order of priority

A. Avoid/reduce: 1. Good Housekeeping 2. Process modification 3. Material substitution 4. New technology

How will you conduct CP in your organization? Details are in P.K. Guptas doc file.

B. Recycle/reuse/recover: - On site recovery -internal -external - By-product recovery-product -energy

Methodology
1. Getting started: Planning and organization 2. Analyzing process steps 3. Generating CP opportunities 4. Feasibility analysis 5. Implementing and monitoring 6. Sustaining CP

Methodology

9. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
Why Env. Audit? It is Legally required

Ministry of Environment and Forests on 28th April, 1992 published a notification

every person(s) carrying on an industrial activity, operation or process requiring: Consent under Section 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974) or Consent under section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981) or both the above or Authorization under the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) shall submit an Environmental Statement for the financial year ending the 31st March in the Form V to the concerned State Pollution Control Board on or before the 30th day of September every year, beginning 1993.

FORM V or Environmental statement Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E Part F Part G Part H

Philosophy of an env. Audit?

What is Env. Audit?

Philosophy
Reduce raw material waste Reduce treatment requirements Environmental standard compliance Make top management aware Make citizens aware

Environmental auditing is management tool comprising a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation

Definition

Internally-Management tool Externally-Liaison

of how well the management systems are performing with the aim of 1.waste prevention and reduction 2.assessing compliance with regulatory requirements; 3.facilitating control of environmental practices by a companys management and 4.placing environmental information in the public domain.

How will you carry out EA in your company?

Phase II Material Balance, Process inputs and outputs

4. Determining inputs 5. Recording water usage 6. Measuring current levels of waste reuse/recycle

The Audit Procedure :

Phase I Pre assessment
1. Audit Focus and preparation 2. Listing unit operations 3. Constructing process flow diagrams

7.Quantifying process outputs 8. Accounting for wastewater 9. Accounting for gaseous emissions 10. Accounting for Off-site wastes 11. Assembling input output information for unit operations 12. Deriving a preliminary material balance for unit operations 13. Evaluating the material balance 14. Refining the material balance

What is Mass balance?

Mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
RAW MATERIALS

MASS BALANCE
GASEOUS EMISSIONS

Input = Output
Input = Raw material,Chemicals,water & air. Output= Products, By products, waste water,solid,liquid & gaseous wastes,losses

CATALYST WATER/AIR ENERGY

Plant Process or Unit Operation

PRODUCT BY PRODUCT CATALYST RECOVERY FROM WASTE WASTE WATER LIQUID WASTES FOR STORAGE AND/OR OFF-SITE DISPOSAL SOLID WASTES FOR STORAGE AND/OR OFF-SITE DISPOSAL

RECYCLE

REUSABLE WASTE IN ANOTHER OPERATION

Identify and quantify the source of waste generation for each unit operation/Stage
Inputs Inputs
1.A.R. Soya Oil 2. DCO Monomeric oil 3.Pentaerythritol Tech.grade 1.TPP 2. Phthalic anhydride 3. Benzoic aacid 4.Pentaerythritol Tech.grade 5.Mix- Xylene.

Losses Charging stage (pre Mono-Glycerolysis ) Mono Glycerolosis Stage Charging (Post M G Stage) Esterification stage
1. Sampling 2.Water of reaction 3.Vent losses.

Phase III Synthesis

14. Examining obvious waste reduction measures 15. Targeting and characterizing problem wastes 16. Segregation 17. Developing long-term waste reduction options

Losses
1. Floor Spillages 2.Left over in bags. 3.Sticking Losses

Losses
1. Sampling

Losses
1. Floor Spillages 2.Left over in bags. 3.Dusting. 4.Stickin in buckets

Inputs
1.MTO

Inputs
1.MTO

Inputs
1.MTO

Thinning and adjustment.

Discharging and Flushing of reactor

Cooling and Partial Thinning.

Stripping

Losses
1.Sampling 2. Vent losses

Losses
1. Vent losses in blender.

Losses
1. Sampling 2.Stripped Xylene.

Inputs
1.Dicamol4254 2.Pre coating MTO

Losses Fitration
1.Sampling 2. Residual medium collected from strainer. 3.Sticking losses 4.Evaporation losses at auto tub. 5.Waste Dicamol 6.Waste Medium+ Rinsed MTO

To Storage Tank

10. Eco-efficiency

Energy

Waste

What is IE?

11. Industrial Ecology

Closing the loop at any level.

Global National

Industrial metabolism

interactions

Environment metabolism

Sector Region

Examines flow of in

Local, regional & global Matter & energy industrial sectors and economies

Firm Community Division Industrial plant Unit operation

10

As an exercise, close the loop

DFE Example - Xerox

New Components Build

As an IE exercise Brewery Brewery waste dumped into oceans to destroy coral reefs Muck dumped on fields

Raw Materials

Mushroom Growing
Certified Reprocessing Return to Suppliers Third Party Recycling Materials for Recycling Alternative Uses Dismantle Closed Loop Recycling Certified Reprocessing Deliver

Chicken Raising
Sort/Inspect Customer Use

Waste piles up Methane vented Muck cleaned out

Remove

Methane Gas Production Fish Ponds

Disposal Goal: Zero to Landfill

Conventional Waste Management in Fiji

Industrial Ecology in Fiji

Brewery Brewery waste fertilizes mushrooms

As an IE exercise

Mushroom Growing

Mushroom residue feeds chickens

Chicken Raising

Chicken waste is composted Solids become fish food Nutrients used in gardens

Methane Gas Production Fish Ponds

Closing the loop: Power plant Refinery Municipality Fish farms Lake Wall board manufacturers Biotech and pharma company Cement manufacture

Hydroponic Gardening

11

What is life cycle thinking?

Industrial Ecosystem: Kalundborg

12.Life cycle analysis/assessment (LCA)

Need R&D Pre-manufacture Manufacture Reuse

Treatment, Disposal Remanufacture Recycle

LCA methodology?

1. GOAL
Define as precisely as possible.
Assessment of what? product/ process/ system/ corporation/ facility/ entire government Eg. What materials, processes or products are to be considered Can be quantified: achieve a 20% reduction in..

12

2. SCOPE
What are the characteristics and limitations of the study How broadly will the alternatives be decided Why is the study being conducted How will the results be used and who will use them Do specific environmental concerns need to be addressed What level of detail will be needed Define space and time boundaries Decide the functional unit: the amount of product, material or service to which LCA is applied Eg. Use of chlorinated solvents in dry cleaning process Goal: Reduce environmental impacts from process Scope?

3. INVENTORY
INPUTS Materials acquisition
Principal products

OUTPUTS

Formulation, processing & manufacturing Materials Energy Water

Co-products

Product distribution Product use Recycle: products, components, materials

Wastewater Air emissions Solid waste Other env. concers

INVENTORY ANALYSIS CAN BE OF 2 TYPES 3.1 Material and energy flow 3.2 Economic input/output eg Kg CO2/Rs. output

Waste management

ELEMENTS OF LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS

13

4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT
4.1 The environmental influences of the activities revealed by the LCA inventory analysis on specific environmental properties must be accurately assessed ACTIVITY-IMPACT or ASPECT-IMPACT 4.2 The relative changes in the affected environmental properties must be given some sort of a priority ranking RANKING OF IMPACT

5. INTERPRETATION
All results Perspective

Recommendation for action

How will you project the results? Or convey the LCA report to a decision maker say GM/VP of your company?

Environmental dimension

RWe

RWp MFG DST

CONV USE

DISP REC

Safety Human health

EXAMPLES
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANYS MATRIX

Residual substances Ozone depletion Air Quality Climate change Nat. Resource depletion Soil contamination Waste accumulation Water contamination Public perception gap Competition

14

What is DfE?

8. Definition-DFE
Design for environment is a perspective in which
environmental aspects of a product, process or facility

13. DfE

are optimized for minimal adverse impact on environment over its entire life cycle while maximizing conservation of valuable resources, resulting in cost saving and competitive advantage for the producer.

How will you gain edge over competitors by using DfE?

1. Design for resource conservation

Use minimal material

Strategies for DFE

Use renewable resources

Use materials which do not deplete natural resources

Use recycled and recyclable materials Use waste by-products

15

2. Design for low impact materials

Avoid toxic or hazardous substances Avoid ozone-depleting substances

3. Design for cleaner manufacturing

4. Design for efficient distribution

Reduce the weight of the product and its packaging

Avoid/minimize the production of greenhouse gases

Ensure that transport packaging is re-useable/recyclable

Use materials with low embodied energy Choose an efficient transport system

5. Design for energy efficiency

Look for synergies Look for waste Design for part-load operation Design for a range of conditions Plan for ongoing efficiency improvement
Use computer modeling to support laboratory & field work

6. Design for water efficiency 7. Design for minimal consumption 8. Design for pollution prevention 9. Design for durability 10. Design for disassembly 11. Design for re-manufacture 12. Design for re-use 13. Design for recycling 14. Design for degradability 15. Design for safe disposal

16

Indian scenario with respect to DfE? Check website

CYCLIC
Edwin Datschefski

SOLAR

Indian scenario
ECOMARK scheme http://envfor.nic.in/cpcb/ecomark/ecomark.html

SAFE

EFFICIENT

SOCIAL

International scenario with respect to DfE?

The Eco-cycle Bill 1993 The Eco-cycle Bill 1993

Producer = someone who professionally manufactures, imports or sells a product or packaging. The Government may issue responsibility to producers concerning the endof-life management of products

International scenario

17

Environmental Labelling - ISO Type 1

Eco-labels - ISO type 1

Labels from independent third parties who award them to the best environmental performers in various product categories.
Environmental labelling programme (Type I) - a voluntary, multiple criteria-based, third party programme that awards labels claiming overall environmental preferability of a product within a particular product category based on life cycle consideration.
FRANCE CANADA USA GERMANY TAIWAN THAILAND

SWEDEN

JAPAN

NORDIC COUNTRIES

INDIA

AUSTRIA

EU

SINGAPORE

THE NETHERLANDS

THE CZECH REPUBLIC

CROATIA

CATALONIA

BRASIL

Eco-labels - ISO type 2

Self-declared labels used by manufacturers to make environmental claims about their products. The most well known of these is the recycling symbol composed of three arrows forming the Mobius loop.

Eco-labels - ISO type 3

A much less common label licensed by independent organizations. This label serves as a report card, providing information on the possible environmental impact of a product and leaving it to the consumer to decide which product is best.

18

External drivers of DfE? EXTERNAL STIMULI FOR ECO-DESIGN

What is EPR? It is a policy instrument for DfE.

Extended Producer Responsibility

It is an environmental protection strategy to reach an environmental objective of a decreased total environmental impact from a product, by making the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life-cycle of the product and especially for the take-back, recycling and final disposal of the product. It is implemented through administrative, economic and informative instruments. The composition of these instruments determines the precise form of the Extended Producer Responsibility.
By Thomas Lindquist, Sweden, Lund University

Extended Producer Responsibility Extended Producer Responsibility

EU directives from EPR

Liability

WEEE and RoHS directives for electronics REACH directive for cloth ELV directive for vehicles
Physical responsibility

Economic responsibility

Ownership

Informative responsibility

19

Decision making tool

Factor of reduction (X)

Of For

1997

material and energy present level of well being

14. ISO 14001

X = 20 for developed world X = 4 or 10 for developing world Provide same service with 1/4th or 1/10th material and energy and raise a profit for the company !

What is EMS?

Management Systems
What is MS?
The movement of information within an organisation to facilitate decision making and the efficient use of resources. Management Systems within an organisation:
Financial, Communication / Information, Personnel, Quality, Health and Safety, Environmental

ISO 14001 Proactive Approach

Reactive Proactive Deming Model
Review & revise as necessary

Reactive to proactive?

P2.2

WAIT

PLAN

Establish Policy Carry out analysis of current position Establish goals & objectives

CURE

IDENTIFY REACT

ACT CHECK

DO

MS is the means, not the goal

Audit performance of management system is it achieving your goals and objectives

Design & implement management system to achieve above

20

ISO 14001 overview

Evaluation & Auditing

Auditing guidelines ISO 14010 14011 14012 19011

Management Product oriented Systems support tools EMS specification ISO 14001 EMS guide ISO 14004
Life cycle Assessment ISO 14040 14041 14042 Eco labelling ISO 14020 14021 14024

Terms & definitions ISO 14050

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW Records of regulatory and other requirements

ISO 14001 Requirements

4.1 General Requirements 4.2 Environmental Policy 4.3 Planning 4.4 Implementation and Operation 4.5 Checking and Corrective Action 4.6 Management Review

Legislative requirements

Activities Review Interviews Site visits Measurements Inspections Study of documents

Overview of environmental aspects/impacts

Environmental setting

Existing environmental management practices

Problems/deficiencies and priorities

Feed-back on incidents and non-conformities

Recommendations on environmental policy and objectives

21

ISO 14001 requirements on Environmental Policy

A. Environmental Policy
Appropriate to nature, scale & environmental impacts of products, services & activities Includes commitment to continual improvement, pollution prevention, & compliance with relevant environmental legislation Provides the frame work for setting & reviewing objectives & targets

defined by top management; appropriate for the nature, scale, impacts of the activities, products, services;

commitment for continual improvement and prevention of pollution; commitment to comply with environmental legislation, regulations and other requirements;
framework for objectives and targets documented, implemented, maintained, communicated to all employees available to the public

Documented, implemented and maintained Communicated to all employees Available to public

Most significant contribution of ISO 14001?

Environmental Aspects
ISO14001 requirements
Procedure to identify environmental aspects Consider all aspects under control and influence (direct and indirect) Determine those which have or can have a significant impact Consider significant aspects when setting objectives Keep the information up-to-date (ongoing process)

P5.1

Environmental Aspects
Elements of organizations activities, products or services which can interact with the environment. Whatever one takes & releases
Resource / energy consumption Emissions, wastewater, solid waste

22

METHODS OF ASPECT IDENTIFICATION Initial environmental review Professional judgment Site survey ecological succession geological/hydro-geological survey contaminated land site investigations Historical review Task analysis Accident/incident reports Business plan for future expansion Use of tools rating systems checklists Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) Life cycle Assessment (LCA) LISTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
EXAMPLE : STEAM BOILER Particulate Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Carbon oxides Noise Heat Fly ash Spills of acids Spills of oils/greases Chemical spills Chlorine leaks Use of fuels Use of water Solid wastes containing chemicals

Scope of control and influence

Scope of control
Waste materials Supplier companies Power Supply companies Water Supply companies Raw Materials Noise Packaging PRODUCTION PROCESSES Use by PRODUCT customer

P5.1

Significant Aspects
No absolute requirements Organization to decide significance Process highly organization specific Auditors of certifying agency to check only the consistency in approach

Scope of influence

Energy

End of life disposal

Water Discharges Contractors & Sub-contractors

23

Significance of Aspects
What makes an aspect significant?
Actual and potential regulatory control Environmental Policy Business exposure - cost, public image, client concern, cause work to stop Scale and severity of environmental impact (e.g. local, regional or global in scope) Views of stakeholders and interested parties

P5.3

EVALUATION IS BASED ON Quantity Occurrence Significance of impact Legislation Controls Preventive mechanism

QUANTITY SCORE 5 4 3 2 1 CRITERIA Excessive Very high High Moderate Low

OCCURRENCE SCORE 5 4 3 2 1 CRITERIA Continuous Several times a day Once a day Once a week Once a month or less frequent

24

DETECTION/PREVENTIVE MECHANISM SCORE 5 4 3 2 1 CRITERIA More than 24 hrs More than 12 hrs More than 6 hrs More than 1 hr Immediately

LEGISLATION SCORE 10 1 CRITERIA Not meeting legislation In compliance with legislation or aspect not covered under legislation

CONTROLS SCORE CRITERIA

IMPACT SCORE 5 CRITERIA Fatal to human life Human health effect Kills fauna, flora or global issues or resource consumption Causes discomfort or acid rain or causes nuisance Slight impact

3 2 1

Absence or not effective controls Mechanism in place but not reliable Available and effective

4 3

25

SAMPLE EVALUATION

Control of Significant Aspects

IMPROVE
Legal Requirement? Technology? Finance? Operational & Business Requirements?

activity

aspect

impact

occurren quantity ce 2 4

detectio n 3

legislati on 1

control

impact

score

Running of boiler

MAINTAIN
Establish operational control

Generati on of dust Carbon oxides Boiler damage oil

air

96

air

300

water

45

land

36

noise

OH

48

If YES, take OBJECTIVE!

D. Objectives & Targets

Establish and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at each relevant function and level within the organization Consistent with environmental policy, including commitment to pollution prevention

P7.2

Objectives & Targets

Consider:
legal and other requirements significant environmental aspects technological options financial, operational and business requirements views of interested parties

26

Objectives & Targets

Defining objectives and targets Setting priorities for action Role of legislation in objective setting The role of interested parties in objective setting

Achieving objectives and targets

EMP
Why do we need to do it? What do we need to do?

P8.2

When do we need to do it?

Who will do it? How will it be done?

Where will it be done?

Program Action plan What are you going to do to achieve the goal? A program per objective Program includes: Objective Target Person(s) responsible Date of expected completion Date of actual completion Description of completed task

Training, Awareness & Competence

Competence Education, training, and/or experience Training need analysis

27

EMS Documentation
Maintain & describe core elements of the EMS
Paper or electronic form
Single manual Multi-tiered system

Manual

Procedures

Provide direction to related documentation May be integrated with other documentation

Work instructions

Codes of practice, process guidance notes

PARTIAL INTEGRATION EMS/QMS Manual Approach & Responsibility Procedures What, where, when, who Work instructions How Codes of practice, process guidance notes EMS Overlap QMS

28

Emergency Preparedness & Response

Procedure(s) to identify potential & respond to accidents & emergencies Focus on prevention & mitigation of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Process for review and modification Train personnel, awareness on role Periodically test procedures, where needed

Nonconformance (NC) & Corrective And Preventive Action (CAPA)

Procedure for handling & investigating nonconformances Mitigate any (environmental) impacts Complete CAPA Modify procedures, as applicable

Records
Procedure for records
Identification Maintenance Disposition

15. Carbon trading

Records

EVIDENCE

Legible Identifiable Traceable to the activity, product, or service

29

Global Initiatives
December 1988 - UN General Assembly establishes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - data

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted in Rio Earth Summit, 1992

Enters into force in March 1994 Sets an ultimate objective of stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at safe levels Divides countries into two groups: Annex I Industrialized countries contribute most to climate change Annex II Primarily developing countries

Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC

Signed in 1997; in force since 16 Feb 2005 With Russia Signing in Legally binding emission reduction targets for GHGs for Annex-I countries (by at least 5.2% below 1990 levels in 2008-12 commitment period) -individual, quantified emission targets for each industrialized country -six GHGs covered: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC/PFC, SF6 Establishes 3 flexible mechanisms: Joint Implementation (JI) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) International Emissions Trading (IET)

Gases that Produce Greenhouse Effect and its sources: Eligible Projects

30

KP flexible mechanisms
The Protocol approves the use of three flexible mechanisms for facilitating the achievement of these GHG emission reduction targets. These are: Emissions Trading (ET) Joint Implementation (JI) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

The CDM was established by Article 12 of the Protocol and refers to climate change mitigation projects undertaken between Annex 1 countries and non-Annex 1 countries. Project investments must contribute to the sustainable development of the non-Annex 1 host country, and must also be independently certified. This latter requirement gives rise to the term certified emissions reductions or CERs, which describe the output of CDM projects, and which under the terms of Article 12 can be banked from the year 2000, eight years before the first commitment period (2008-2012).

CDM Characteristics CDM projects must be voluntary, and must have the host country's

Availing the carbon credits Project Identification

and Construction
PP

approval; They must meet the sustainable development goals defined by the host country; They must reduce GHG emissions above and beyond "business as usual"; They must account for GHG emissions that occur outside the project boundary that are attributable to the project; They must include the participation of stakeholders; They must not contribute to environmental decline; They are limited to non-nuclear technology and there is a limited amount of forestry credits that are eligible; They must not divert from official development assistance (ODA); They are limited to strict physical boundaries within which GHG emissions will be reduced or sequestered; and They are limited to those countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol.

PDD

Presents information on the essential technical and organizational aspects of the project activityBaseline, M&V Plan

DNA

Host country approval

PPs get written approval from DNA

DOE

Validation

Independent evaluation according to formal procedure against the requirements of the CDM.

EB

Registration

Formal acceptance of validated project as a CDM project activity

PP

Financing & Implementation

PP On-site inspection, Review monitoring, GHG reductions verification report

Monitoring

DOE

Verification & Certification

EB

Issuance of CERs

Periodic independent review and ex post determination of the monitored GHG emission reductions. Written assurance that project activity achieved reductions in GHG emissions as verified.

31

CDM Project Cycle

CDM project documentation Baseline, Monitoring Plan, Sustainability Assessment
Eligibility Project boundary and leakages Baseline GhGemissions Emission reduction estimates Risks M&V Protocol

Where is CDM applicable?

Renewable Energy Wind Power Solar Biomass Power Hydel Power Fuel switching (From fossil fuel to green fuel like biomass, rice husk etc). Cogeneration in industries having both steam and power requirements. In Power Sector, induction of new technologies which are efficient (thermal), reduction in technical T&D losses.

T R A N S A C T I O N

Preparation of PIN/PIM And circulation amongst potential buyers

Short listing of buyers'

Appointment of Validator and Submission of Methodology to Meth Panel

Host country endorsement

-

Presentation at MoEF to Desinated National Authority

Forward Contract Signing

Validation & Registration of project at UNFCCC

Transaction Transaction

Where is CDM applicable? Cont.

Energy efficiency measures related to Boiler Pumps Turbines Installation of variable speed drives Efficient cooling systems Back pressure turbines etc.

Where is CDM applicable? Cont.

. In Waste Management
Capturing of landfill methane emission to generate power. Utilization of waste and waste water emissions for generation of energy for captive use pr power generation In Transport Fuel switch from gasoline and diesel to natural gas. In Forestry Afforestation projects.

32

Following aspects should be considered while designing CDM project activity:

1 Social well being: The CDM project activity should lead to alleviation of poverty by . generating additional employment, removal of social disparities and contribution to provision of basic amenities to people leading to improvement in quality of life of people. 2 Economic well being: The CDM project activity should bring in additional investment . consistent with the needs of the people. 3 Environmental well being: This should include a discussion of impact of the project . activity on resource sustainability and resource degradation, if any, due to proposed activity; bio-diversity friendliness; impact on human health; reduction of levels of pollution in general; 4 Technological well being: The CDM project activity should lead to transfer of . environmentally safe and sound technologies that are comparable to best practices in order to assist in upgradation of the technological base. The transfer of technology can be within the country as well from other developing countries also.

16. Global Reporting Initiative GRI

Sustainability Reporting is a process that a company adopts to produce a Sustainability Report that incorporates economic, environmental and social information.

33

Sustainability reporting is the practice of measuring, disclosing, and being accountable for organizational performance while working towards the goal of sustainable development.

A Sustainability report provides a balanced and reasonable representation of the sustainability performance of the reporting organisation, including both positive and negative contributions.

The G3 Map
Content

Principles

Quality Boundary

Strategy and Analysis

(Risk, Opportunity Focus of whole organization)

Organizational Profile

G3

Strategy and Profile Report parameters Governance, commitments, and engagement

Standard Disclosures

Economic Category Disclosure on Management Approach (DMA) and Performance Indicators Environmental Category

Social Category

Labor Human Rights Society Product Responsibility

34

G3 Guidelines : Performance Indicators

Economic Performance Indicators
EC 1 EC 9 :7

G3 Core & Additional Indicators

Core Indicators have been developed through GRIs multistakeholder processes, which are intended to identify generally applicable Indicators and are assumed to be material for most organizations. An organization should report on Core Indicators unless they are deemed not material on the basis of the GRI Reporting Principles. Additional Indicators represent emerging practice or address topics that may be material for some organizations, but are not material for others.
1

Core & 2 Additional

Environmental Performance Indicators

EN 1 EN 30

:17 Core & 13 Additional

Social Performance Indicators

LA 1 LA 14 HR 1 HR 9 SO 1 SO 8 PR 1 PR 9

: 9 Core & 5 Additional : 6 Core & 3 Additional : 6 Core & 2 Additional : 4 Core & 5 Additional

Economic Core Indicators The G3 Indicators

Economic Indicators

Aspect: Economic Performance EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed, including revenues, operating costs, employee compensation, donations and other community investments, retained earnings, and payments to capital providers and governments. EC2 Financial implications and other risks and opportunities for the organizations activities due to climate change. EC3 Coverage of the organizations defined benefit plan obligations. EC4 Significant financial assistance received from government.

Aspect: Market Presence EC6 Policy, practices, and proportion of spending on locally-based suppliers at significant locations of operation. EC7 Procedures for local hiring and proportion of senior management hired from the local community at locations of significant operation. Aspect: Indirect Economic Impacts EC8 Development and impact of infrastructure investments and services provided primarily for public benefit through commercial, in kind, or pro bono engagement.

Total Indicators
Social Indicators Environmental Indicators

35

Environmental Core Indicators

Aspect: Materials EN1 Materials used by weight or volume. EN2 Percentage of materials used that are recycled input materials. Aspect: Energy EN3 Direct energy consumption by primary energy source. EN4 Indirect energy consumption by primary source. Aspect: Water EN8 Total water withdrawal by source. EN12 Description of significant impacts of activities, products, and services on biodiversity in protected areas and areas of high biodiversity value outside protected areas. Aspect: Biodiversity EN11 Location and size of land owned, leased, managed in, or adjacent to, protected areas and areas of high biodiversity value outside protected areas.

Environmental Core Indicators

Aspect: Emissions, Effluents, and Waste EN16 Total direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions by weight. EN17 Other relevant indirect greenhouse gas emissions by weight. EN19 Emissions of ozone-depleting substances by weight. EN20 NO, SO, and other significant air emissions by type and weight. EN21 Total water discharge by quality and destination. EN22 Total weight of waste by type and disposal method. (core) EN23 Total number and volume of significant spills. (core) Aspect: Products and Services EN26 Initiatives to mitigate environmental impacts of products and services, and extent of impact mitigation. EN27 Percentage of products sold and their packaging materials that are reclaimed by category. Aspect: Compliance EN28 Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations.

LA Labour relations & decent work

LA Labour relations & decent work

HR - Human Rights

Social Core Indicators

Aspect: Employment LA1 Total workforce by employment type, employment contract, and region. LA2 Total number and rate of employee turnover by age group, gender, and region. Aspect: Labor / Management Relations LA4 Percentage of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. LA5 Minimum notice period(s) regarding operational changes, including whether it is specified in collective agreements. Aspect: Occupational Health and Safety LA7 Rates of injury, occupational diseases, lost days, and absenteeism, and number of work related fatalities by region. LA8 Education, training, counseling, prevention, and risk-control programs in place to assist workforce members, their families, or community members regarding serious diseases. Aspect: Training and Education LA10 Average hours of training per year per employee by employee category.

Social Core Indicators

Aspect: Diversity and Equal Opportunity LA13 Composition of governance bodies and breakdown of employees per category according to gender, age group, minority group membership, and other indicators of diversity. (core) LA14 Ratio of basic salary of men to women by employee. (core) Aspect: Investment and Procurement Practices HR1 Percentage and total number of significant investment agreements that include human rights clauses or that have undergone human rights screening. HR2 Percentage of significant suppliers and contractors that have undergone screening on human rights and actions taken. Aspect: Non Discrimination HR4 Total number of incidents of discrimination and actions taken.

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HR - Human Rights

SO - Society

SO - Society

PR Product Responsibility

Social Indicators
Aspect: Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining HR5 Operations identified in which the right to exercise freedom of association and collective bargaining may be at significant risk, and actions taken to support these rights. Aspect: Child Labor HR6 Operations identified as having significant risk for incidents of child labor, and measures taken to contribute to the elimination of child labor. Aspect: Forced and Compulsory Labor HR7 Operations identified as having significant risk for incidents of forced or compulsory labor, and measures to contribute to the elimination of forced or compulsory labor. Aspect: Community SO1 Nature, scope, and effectiveness of any programs and practices that assess and manage the impacts of operations on communities, including entering, operating, and exiting. Aspect: Corruption SO2 Percentage and total number of business units analyzed for risks related to corruption. SO3 Percentage of employees trained in organizations anti-corruption policies and procedures. SO4 Actions taken in response to incidents of corruption. Aspect: Public Policy

Social Indicators
Aspect: Products and Service Labeling PR3 Type of product and service information required by procedures, and percentage of significant products and services subject to such information requirements. Aspect: Marketing Communications PR6 Programs for adherence to laws, standards, and voluntary codes related to marketing communications, including advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Aspect: Compliance PR9 Monetary value of significant fines for noncompliance with laws and regulations concerning the provision and use of products and services. SO5 Public policy positions and participation in public policy development and lobbying. Aspect: Compliance SO8 Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for noncompliance with laws and regulations Aspect: Customer Health and Safety PR1 Life cycle stages in which health and safety impacts of products and services are assessed for improvement, and percentage of significant products and services categories subject to such procedures

Incremental Approach as per 2006 Guidelines

Report application Level

C+

B+

A+

Profile

Partial
Report Externally Assured

All All
Report Externally Assured Report Externally Assured

Mgmt approach

No

Yes

Yes

Perform. indicators

10 from 3

20 from 6

50 Core +Sector

All the Best!

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