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CHAPTER

Extraction Process
3.1 Distillation
Distillation is an unit operation in which constituents of liquid mixture (solution) are separated using thermal energy. Basically, operation. possible the The or difference unit in vapour is also pressure termed its of as different fractional it is in constituents at the same temperature is responsible for such operation liquid distillation to fractionation. With this into technique

separate

mixture

components

almost pure form and this fact has made distillation perhaps the most important of all mass transfer operation. In distillation, the phase involved are liquid and vapour or gas (vapour phase is created by supplying heat to liquid ) and mass is transferred from both the phase to one another, by vaporization from liquid phase Distillation mixture. is a method is a of separatingmixtures operation, or a based on

differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid Distillation unit physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction.

Manufacturing Process Of Natural Camphor


Camphor can be naturally manufactured from natural camphor wood steam distillation process. Camphor wood is subjected to a steam distillation unit to obtain camphor. However for production purpose synthetic camphor production from turpentine

oil is generally used. The entire process of camphor production from natural camphor wood is given below.

Manufacturing process of Synthetic Camphor


Small scale production In small batches, or any this camphene other can be converted directly into agent. mass synthetic camphor by oxidizing it with ozone, oxygen, potassium permanganate readily does available not lend oxidizing itself to Unfortunately, process

production, and additional steps are taken when large quantities of synthetic camphor are required. Large scale production

For large scale production, synthetic Camphor is produced from -pinene oil which is a main ingredient of turpentine oil. The production of synthetic camphor begin with the distillation of turpentine to yield -pinene. The -pinene is carefully dried and treated dry hydrochloric acid to produce bornyl chloride, also known as Synthetic Camphor. The resultant solid is then converted by several patented chemical process into camphene by removing the hydrochloric acid with phenol, cresol, aniline and alkali. For large scale production of synthetic camphor, the glacial acetic acid. The isobornyl acetate is subsequently separated and treated with alcoholic sodium hydroxide to produce isoborneol. After isoborneol has been purified, it is oxidized by nitric acid and sulphuric acid to finally producing synthetic Camphor.

Specification of -Pinene
Molecular Formula- C10H16 IUPAC NAME- 2,6,6-Trimethyl bicycle(3,3,1)-2-heptane Melting Point- -65 degree celcius Boiling Point- 156 degree celcius

Sources of -Pinene
1. Wood turpentine 2. Gum turpentine 3. Sulphate turpentine

Production Process Description


1. Mixture or turpentine oil is obtained by steam distillation of oleogum from pine trees. Turpentine oil on Fractional Distillation yield alpha pinene along with few side products. 85-90% Alpha Pinene 8-10% Carene Turpentine Oil 3-5% Beta Pinene 1-2% Camphene 2. Alpha Pinene oil obtained by fractional distillation of

turpentine oil undergo isomerisation reaction in the presence of Titanium dioxide to produce crude camphene tricycle camphene. Isomerisation Alpha Pinene TiO2 Catalyst Cr Tricyclo Camphene

3. where

Crude Tricyclo Camphene is then sent to distillation unit it undergo fractional distillation to produce Pure

camphene along with side products.

Fractional distillation Cr camphene Pure Camphene + TarpeneD + Depentene

4.

Pure

Camphene of

is

then

treated to

with

acetic

acid

in

the to

presence

CXC-120

Catalyst

undergo

Esterification

produce IBA.

Esterification Pure camphene IBA + (Acetic Acid + Unreacted Camphene)

5. IBA is further distilled to produce pure IBA.

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