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Extraction Process
3.1 Distillation
Distillation is an unit operation in which constituents of liquid mixture (solution) are separated using thermal energy. Basically, operation. possible the The or difference unit in vapour is also pressure termed its of as different fractional it is in constituents at the same temperature is responsible for such operation liquid distillation to fractionation. With this into technique
separate
mixture
components
almost pure form and this fact has made distillation perhaps the most important of all mass transfer operation. In distillation, the phase involved are liquid and vapour or gas (vapour phase is created by supplying heat to liquid ) and mass is transferred from both the phase to one another, by vaporization from liquid phase Distillation mixture. is a method is a of separatingmixtures operation, or a based on
differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid Distillation unit physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction.
oil is generally used. The entire process of camphor production from natural camphor wood is given below.
production, and additional steps are taken when large quantities of synthetic camphor are required. Large scale production
For large scale production, synthetic Camphor is produced from -pinene oil which is a main ingredient of turpentine oil. The production of synthetic camphor begin with the distillation of turpentine to yield -pinene. The -pinene is carefully dried and treated dry hydrochloric acid to produce bornyl chloride, also known as Synthetic Camphor. The resultant solid is then converted by several patented chemical process into camphene by removing the hydrochloric acid with phenol, cresol, aniline and alkali. For large scale production of synthetic camphor, the glacial acetic acid. The isobornyl acetate is subsequently separated and treated with alcoholic sodium hydroxide to produce isoborneol. After isoborneol has been purified, it is oxidized by nitric acid and sulphuric acid to finally producing synthetic Camphor.
Specification of -Pinene
Molecular Formula- C10H16 IUPAC NAME- 2,6,6-Trimethyl bicycle(3,3,1)-2-heptane Melting Point- -65 degree celcius Boiling Point- 156 degree celcius
Sources of -Pinene
1. Wood turpentine 2. Gum turpentine 3. Sulphate turpentine
turpentine oil undergo isomerisation reaction in the presence of Titanium dioxide to produce crude camphene tricycle camphene. Isomerisation Alpha Pinene TiO2 Catalyst Cr Tricyclo Camphene
3. where
Crude Tricyclo Camphene is then sent to distillation unit it undergo fractional distillation to produce Pure
4.
Pure
Camphene of
is
then
treated to
with
acetic
acid
in
the to
presence
CXC-120
Catalyst
undergo
Esterification
produce IBA.