1. Urine was collected from a person known to have ingested "a lot of aspirin".

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is known to be rapidly hydrolyzed in the body to salicylic acid that is then further metabolized to salicyluric acid (50-80%), salicyl 0-glucuronide (10-30%), and free salicylic acid (5-10%). In general terms, what would you have to do in order to extract the urine for quantitation of ingested aspirin [5 points]? Aspirin (USAN), also known as acetylsalicylic acid is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. Salicylic acid, the main metabolite of aspirin, is an integral part of human and animal metabolism. While in humans much of it is attributable to diet, a substantial part is synthesized endogenously. Gas Chromatography (GC) is a widely used technique in forensic chemistry. Compounds that are not highly volatile or likely to decompose at the higher temperature used in GC are usually derivatised prior to analysis. The most common type of derivative is a methyl silane. This functional group increases the volatility of the compound. There are a number of different silyating reagents available. The choice of reagent depends upon the functional groups to be derivatised. The reagent used here (N-O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluororacetamide, BSTFA) is a multi-purpose reagent which is capable of derivatizing a wide range of functional groups. The mass spectral detector is probably the most important detector for GC in forensic chemistry. This is partly due to the low limits of detection that the detector has, but mainly because of the structural information provided by the fragmentation ions produced. In order to extract the urine for quantitation of ingested aspirin, Remove 5 ml of urine and adjust to a pH of 10-11 using NH4 OH (approximately 0.8ml) Place in a small separatory funnel. Add 5ml 1-chlorobutane. Shake, remove 4 ml of the organic layer into a test tube, and evaporate to dryness by blowing a steady stream of nitrogen over the tube. Make sure your sample is completely dry. Add 25ul BSFTA to the dry tube. The reaction will not work if any moisture is present. Cap and let stand 10 minutes. Warm if necessary. Inject 0.5 L of this onto the GC/MS. Repeat 2 more times. Determine the precision of the aspirin by calculating the standard deviation of the peak areas. Determine the identity of the aspirin using past data, and through the injection of pure samples provided to give an external standard calibration graph. Using the stock solutions, dilute this solution so that your calibration graph covers the concentration range 1 g/mL to 10 g/mL. Start your calibration standard preparation at the derivatization stage. Your calibration graph should have at least 5 points in it.

2. If extraction of cocaine is 80% efficient and GCMS quantitation shows that 150 mg of cocaine is present in the extracted sample, how much cocaine was present in the original sample [5 points]?