Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial CHAPTER 5 : VECTORS 1. If O is the origin and OA = i + j 3k and AB = 2i + j + k .

k . Find the coordinates of points A and B. 2. a) Show that vector p = 2i + 4 j and vector q = 5i + 10 j are parallel and have the same direction 1 b) Show that vector a = -i + 6j and vector b = i 3 j are parallel but in the opposite 2 direction. A, B and C are three points in space. Simplify the following. uur uur u u b) AB - AC A +B +C B C A uu uu uu u r u u r r c) BA + 7 - BC CA 4. The position vectors of points A and B with respect to the origin are a = 3 j 5k and b = 2i + j k . Find a)

a)

BA

b) BA

c) a unit vector in the direction of

BA

5. Position vector for points A and B are a and b respectively. Find the length between A and B for each of the following cases.

a = 5i 3j + k and b = 2i + j + 5k a = 4i j 8k and b = 7i + 4 j 5k
Find the magnitude of each of the following vector : a) 5i 12j b) i + 2k c) 2i 6j + 3k If a = i 3j + 3k and |a| = 7, find the possible values of . Find the unit vector that has the same direction as the following vectors : a) 8i 4j k b) -2i + 2j + 3k Position vectors a, b for points A and B are given by a = 4i j + k and b = -i + 3j + 4k respectively. Find a) a vector with magnitude 5 units and is parallel to AB. b) the position vector for point P that divide AB internally with ratio 3:2 If a = i + j + k, b = 2i j + 3k and c = -i + 3j k, find a)a c b) a 2b + 3c 32

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial 11. Find p.q and cosines angle between p and q if : a) p = 2i + 4j + k, q = i + j + k b) p = -i + 3j 2k, q = i + j 6k c) p = 2i +8j-k, q = i -j 3k 12. The position vectors for points A,B and C are a = 3i 2 j + 4k , c = 2i + 5 j 3k . Find the angle between vectors a + b and a b if vectors a is perpendicular to b + k . 13. Given that ABC is a triangle. If AB = i + 2j + 3k and BC = -i + 4j, a) find cosines angle ABC b) find vector AC c) hence find BAC 14. Show that vectors p = 6i 5 j + 10k and q = 5i + 10 j + 2k are orthogonal. 15. Cosines angle between 2 vectors v1 and v2 are v2 = -2i + j 4k, find the positive value of . 4 . If v1 = 6i + 3j 2k and 12 b = i + 3j 4k ,

a) b)

16. Find the direction cosines and direction angles of the following vectors : a) u = 2i 4j + 4k b) u = 3i 4k 17. Find the vector product of the vectors A and B if : a) A = i 2j + 3k, B = 2i + j 4k b) A = -5i + j k, B = 3i + 6j 2k c) A = 3i j + 8k, B = 5j 18. By using vector method, find the area of a triangle ABC if : a) A (1,-2,3), B(2,-1,1), C(4,2,-1) b) A(-2,3,1), B(4,2,-2), C(2,1,1) 19. A plane contains points A(1,1,1) , B( 3,2,1) , C(1,4,2 ) and D. If A, B, C and D forms a parallelogram, find The coordinates of D The area of the parallelogram ABCD 20. Find the vector equation for the line passing through A( -1, 2, 1 ) and B( 2, 0, 3 ). 21. Find parametric equation for the line passing through the point P(4, 2, -3) and parallel to the line r = 2i - j + t ( i + 2j - k ) 22. Find the Cartesian equation for each of the following lines ; a) r = i + 2j + 3k + t ( i j k) b) r = 3i + t ( 2j + k) c) r = t( 3i + 4j + 5k) 33

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial 23. Find the straight line equation passes through point A that has position vector a and is parallel to vector b i) in vector form ii) in Cartesian form a) a = i + 4j + 2k, b = -3i + 3j 4k b) a = 2j + k, b = i 3k 24. Find the vector equation for each of the following line : x +1 y - 3 z - 1 = = a) b) x = 2 + t, y = 1 2t, z = -2 + 2t 2 - 1 3 25. Determine the angle between x 1 y + 3 z 2 x + 3 y 1 z = = = = and 2 1 1 1 2 2

26. If r1 = 2i j + k + ( i + j 2k ) and r2 = (3 - 2)i (4 - 5)j + (-7 + 13)k, find the angle between r1 and r2. 27. Find the vector equation for each of the following planes : a) 3x - 2y + z = 5 b) 5x - 3y - 4z = 7 28. Find the Cartesian equation for each of the following planes : a) r.( i + j k ) = 2 b) r.( 2i + 3j - 4k ) = 1 29. Find the intersection point between line r = 2i 3j + 2k + s(i j + 4k) and the xy plane. 30. Find the point of intersection and the angle between the plane x + 2y z = 3 and line x 1 y + 3 z 2 = = . 2 1 1 31. Find an equation of the plane containing the point (1, 3, -1) with normal vector (2, 1, 1). 32. Find an equation of the plane through the point (2, 1, 3) and parallel to the plane x + 3y z = 4. 33. Given P,Q and R have coordinates (2,1,3) , (1,4,5) and (1,3,3) respectively and O is the origin. Find a) vector equation b) Cartesian equation of the plane PQR 34. Find the angle between two planes below : a) 2 x y + z = 5 and 3 x + y z = 1 1 b) r. 2 = 10 and 2 x + y z = 1 3

35. Find the angle between the line with equation r = (2i + k ) + (3i 4 j + k ) and the 34

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial (5 plane with equation r g i + j 6k ) = 2 . 36. Find the vector equation of a line passing through the point ( 3, 1, 2 ) and perpendicular to the plane r . ( 2i j + k ) = 4. Find the point of intersection between this line and the plane. 37. Find the angle between the line with equation r = ( 2i + k ) + ( 3i 4 j + k ) and the

( plane with equation r g 5i + j 6k ) = 2.

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. A, B and C are 3 points in a 3 dimensional space where u = AB and v = AC . Given u = i + j -4k and v = 5i -4j 2k (i) show that | u x v |2 = | u |2| v |2 ( u.v )2 (ii) find the area of the triangle ABC (iii) find the equation of the plane that passes through points A, B and C if the coordinates of A is ( 0 , 2 , 6 ). [2001 / 15 marks ] 2. Find the Cartesian equation for a straight line that passes through point A (5 , -2 , -3 ) and is normal to the plane 2x 4y + 4z + 10 = 0. If O is the origin, find the acute angle between the straight line and the line OA. [2002 / 6 marks ] 3. The position vectors of points A, B and C are given by OA = i + mj + 2k, OB = -i + 2j 2k, OC = 2i + nj + 3k where O is the origin, m and n are constants. (a) Find the values of m and n if BA x BC = 7i + 2j 3k. (b) By using the values of m and n from (a), find sin ABC. (c) Find the vector equation of the plane that passes through the three points. [2002 / 12 marks ] 4. Given two vectors a = 2i + j + qk and b = qi 2j + 2qk. (a) Determine the values of q such that a and b has the same magnitude. 1 1 (b) If q = 4, find the angle between the vectors b and a b . 2 2 [2003 / 7 marks ] 5. A ( 6, 3, 3 ), B ( 3, 5, 1 ) and C ( - 1, 3, 5 ) are points in a three dimensional space. Find a. the vectors BA and BC in terms of unit vectors i, j, and k. Hence, show that BA is perpendicular to BC . 35

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial b. c. a unit vector that is perpendicular to the plane containing the points A, B and C. a Cartesian equation of the plane described in ( b ). [ 2004/ 15 marks ]

6. If u, v and w are three nonzero vectors such that u + v + w = 0, show that | w |2 | u |2 | v |2 [2005/5 marks] uv = 2 7. The position vectors of the points P, Q and R are given respectively as p = 4i + 3j + 11k, q = -2i + 8k, r = i + 2j (a) Show that PQR is a right angle triangle and calculate its area. (b) Find an equation of the plane containing P, Q and R. (c) Find parametric equations of the straight line passing through the point (3, -5, 2) and perpendicular to the plane containing P, Q and R. [2005/13 marks] 8. The vectors a, b and c are such that b c = 3i and c a = 2 j + k , where i, j and k are unit vectors. Express ( a + b ) ( a + b + 4c ) in terms of i, j and k.

[ 2006 / 6 marks ]

9.

The point A ( 2,1, 2 ) , B ( 5, 7, 3) and C ( 3,3,1) lie on the plane 1. The equation of a second plane 2 is given as 2 x y 2 z = 5. uu ur uu ur (a) Find the vectors AB and AC. Determine the Cartesian equation of 1. Find the acute angle between 1 and 2 , giving your answer in degrees.

[ 2006 /13 marks ]

10.

The position vectors p, q, r and s are given such that (s - p) . (q - r) = 0 and (s - q) . (r - p) = 0 (a) Show that (s - r) . (p - q) = 0 (b) If p = 4i + 5j, q = 3i + 2j, r = - 4i + j and s = xi + yj, find the values of x and y. [2007/ 7 marks]

11.

Given that u = 3i + 3j - ak and v = bi + 2k. If u x v = 6i - 2j + 12k, determine the values of a and b. Hence, determine (a) the direction angles of u (b) the area of parallelogram with sides u and v 36

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial (c) the angle between u and v [2007/ 13 marks] ANSWERS coordinates of A = ( 1,1,-3) , B = ( 3,2,2 ) uu ur uu u r a) 0 b) CB c) 8CA a) 2i + 2 j 4k b) 2 6 c) 6 ( 2i + 2 j 4k ) 12

16.

a) 9 unit b) 43 unit a) 13 b) 5 c) 7 = 2 2 2 3 8 4 1 i+ j+ k a) i j k b) 17 17 17 9 9 9 1 1 ( 5i + 4 j + 3k ) a) b) ( 5i + 7 j + 14k ) 2 5 a) 2i 2 j + 2k b) 6i + 12 j 8k 3 133 7 a) p.q = 7, b) p.q = 14 , c) p.q = -3 , 759 19 3 19 a) = 85.67 b) = 4 238 a) b) 6 j + 3k c) BAC = 33.2 34 19 15. = 2 1 2 2 , = 131.8 , cos = , = 48.19 a) cos = , = 70.53 , cos = 3 3 3 3 4 cos = , = 143.13 b) cos = , = 53.13 , cos = 0 , = 90 , 5 5 a) 5i + 10 j + 5k a) Area of ABC = a) D( 1,5 ,4) b) 4i 13 j 33k 21 unit 2 2 b) 13.6 unit 2 c) 40i + 15k

17. 18. 19.

b) Area ABC = 61 unit 2

20. r = -i + 2j + k + t ( 3i - 2j + 2k ) 21. x = 4 + t , y = 2 + 2t and z = -3 - t x 1 y 2 z 3 y z = = 22. (a) (b) x = 3, = 1 1 1 2 1

(c)

x y z = = 3 4 5

37

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial 23. (a)(i) r = i + 4 j + 2k + t ( -3 i + 3j - 4k ) , (ii) (b) (i) r = 2 j + k + t ( i - 3k ) , (ii) x 1 y 4 z 2 = = 3 3 4

x z 1 = ,y=2 1 3 24. (a) r = -i + 3 j + k + t (2i - j + 3k) , (b) r = 2i + j - 2k + t (i - 2j + 2k) 25. = 74.2o 26. = 131.86o 27. (a) r.( 3i - 2j + k ) = 5 , (b) r. ( 5i - 3j - 4k ) = 7 28. (a) x + y z = 2 , (b) 2x + 3y 4z = 1 3 5 29. , ,0 2 2 30. Point of intersection (-19, 7,-8) , = 9.59 31. 2x + y + z = 4 32. x + 3y z = 2 33. (a) r (-4i - 2j + k ) = -7 , (b) -4x 2x + z = -7 34. (a) = 60.5o , (b) = 83.74o 35. = 7.15 3 3 36. r = ( 3i + j + 2k ) + t ( 2i - j + k ) , 2 , , 2 2 37. = 7.15 ANSWERS FOR PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. (ii) 27 units 2 x -5 y+2 z+3 = = ; 2 -4 4 m = 1, n = -1 7x + 2y 3z = 3 1 q= 2 BA = 3i 2j + 2k BC = 4i 2j + 4k 1 ( 2i + 10j + 7k ) n= 3 17 2x + 10y + 7z = 63 (iii) 2x + 2y + z = 10

80.660 = 1.41 rad (b) 55986 903 102.60 = 1.79 rad

(a) (c)

4. 5.

(a) a.

(b)

b. c. 7.

(a) 32.241 unit , (b) 10 x 19 y z 28 = 0 , (c) x = 3 30 , y = 5 + 57 , z = 2 + 3 where is a parameter

38

Mathematics QS026 2009/10 Topic 5 : Vectors Tutorial 8. 12i - 8j 4k uu ur uu ur 9. (a) AB = 7i 8 j 5k , AC = 5i + 2 j k ( b ) x - y + 3z - 3 = 0

( c)

72.45

10. (b) x = 5 and y = - 2 11. a = 1 and b = - 4 (a) = 46.51o = 46.51o

= 103.26o (b) 2 46 unit2

(c) = 135.91o

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