The nutrition function in plants and animals

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION DIGESTION Autotrophs havent got digestion because they carry out photosynthesis in their chloroplasts ABSORPTION Root hairs Stomata of the leaves Chlorophyll EGESTION

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

VASCULAR PLANTS
Pteridophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Fir/ Pine Angiosperms Elm / Poplar/ Willow Walnut/ Chesnut/ Beech Oak/ Cork oak/ Holm oak Strawberry tree Vine Bulrush/ Cattail/ Reed/ Rush Rosebay Clover/ Rockrose Creeper Flytrap

Stomata of the leaves

Xylem vessels (raw sap) Phloem vessels (elaborated sap)

Stomata of the leaves Latex Resin

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Pores (ostia) DIGESTION Intracellular: inside the lysosomes of the choanocytes ABSORPTION Choanocytes EGESTION Pores (osculum)

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

SPONGES

Skin (body surface) Pores

Skin (body surface) Pores Ammonia

CNIDARIANS
Jellyfish Sea anemone Coral Sea pen Hydra

Mouth Tentacles

Internal Extracellular: Inside the gastrovascular cavity

Gastrovascular cavity

Mouth

Skin (body surface)

Skin (body surface) Ammonia

PLATYHELMINTHES
Flatworm Planarian Plateworm

Mouth

Extracellular: Inside the gastrovascular cavity

Gastrovascular cavity

Mouth

Skin (body surface)

Skin (body surface) Nephridia Ammonia

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth Tentacles Radula Salivary glands DIGESTION Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Hepatopancreas Stomach Intestine Long caecum ABSORPTION Intestine Hepatopancreas EGESTION Anus

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

MOLLUSCS
Snail Slug Clam Oyster Mussel Scallop Squid Octopus Cuttlefish

Gills Lung

Open circulatory system Haemolymph

Gills Lung Nephridia

Haemocele Ammonia Uric acid

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth Tentacles Trunk (proboscis) DIGESTION Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Crop ABSORPTION Intestine EGESTION Anus

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

ANNELIDS
Earthworm Leech

Skin (body surface) External gills

Simple closed circulatory system Blood

Skin (body surface) External gills Nephridia Ammonia

Gizzard Urea

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth with mouthparts DIGESTION Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Crop Gizzard Salivary glands ABSORPTION Intestine EGESTION Rectum Anus

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

ARTHROPODS
Insect Caterpillar Fly Wasp/Bee Dragonfly Beetle Spider Crustacean Hermit crab Crayfish Centipede Millipede

Spiracles Tracheae

Open circulatory system Haemolymph

Spiracles Tracheae Tracheoles

Tracheoles Haemocele Gills

Gills Malpighian tubules Antennae glands Maxillary glands Uric acid

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth Teeth DIGESTION Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Liver Stomach Intestine Mouth Tongue Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Pancreas Liver Stomach Small intestine Small intestine Large intestine Cloaca ABSORPTION Intestine EGESTION Anus

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

FISH
Shark Trout/Salmon/ Pike Chub/ Barbel Sunfish Tuna Marlin/ Swordfish

Internal gills

Simple closed circulatory system Blood

Internal gills Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Ammonia

AMPHIBIANS
Frog Toad Salamander Newt

Skin (body surface) Internal gills

Double closed circulatory system Blood

External gills Lungs (alveoli) Airways

Skin (body surface) Internal gills External gills Lungs (alveoli) Airways Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Ammonia Urea

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth Tongue Beak Teeth DIGESTION Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Salivary glands (snakes) Pancreas ABSORPTION Small intestine Large intestine EGESTION Cloaca

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

REPTILES Turtle Tortoise Lizard Snake Viper Crocodile Alligator

Lungs (alveoli) Airways

Double closed circulatory system: Blood

Lungs (alveoli) Airways Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Liver Uric acid Mouth (snakes) Stomach Small intestine

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth with beak Tongue DIGESTION Internal Extracellular: Inside the digestive system Pancreas ABSORPTION Small intestine Large intestine EGESTION Cloaca

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

BIRDS
Owl Vulture/ Eagle Peregrin falcon Black kite/ Kestrel Heron/ Crane/ Stork Flamingo/ Spoonbill Egret / Grebe/ Teal Goose/Mallard duck Artic tern/ Seagull Kingfisher Blakbird/ Dipper Bee eater/ Magpie Great tit/ Blue tit Robin/ Sparrow Nightingale/ Warbler Swallow

Lungs (air capillaries) Airways

Double closed circulatory system Blood

Lungs (air capillaries) Airways Kidneys Ureters

Liver Bladder Proventriculus Urethra Crop Uric acid Gizzard Small intestine

OBTAINING NUTRIENTS

Living things
INGESTION Mouth Tongue Trunk Lips Teeth DIGESTION Internal Extracellular:
Inside the digestive system

ABSORPTION Small intestine Large intestine

EGESTION Rectum Anus

RESPIRATION (mitochondria)

SUBSTANCE DISTRIBUTION

EXCRETION

MAMMALS
Platypus/Echidna Kangaroo/Koala Tiger/Lion /Panther Cheetah/Wolf/Fox Bear/Otter/ Weasel Zebra/ Horse Wild boar /Okapi/Giraffe Deer/ Elk Antelope/Gazelle/Cha mois Hippopoatamus/ Rhinoceros Camel/Dromedary Elephant Bat/ Rabbit/Hare/ Marmot Rat/Mouse/Dormouse/ Shrew Monkey/ Orangutang Chimpanzee/Gorilla Whale/Sperm whale/

Lungs (alveoli) Airways

Double closed circulatory system Blood

Lungs (alveoli) Airways Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Urea

Salivary glands Pancreas Liver Mouth Teeth

Incisors flattened in herbivores and pointed in carnivores Molars squared in herbivores and triangular in carnivores

Stomach
rumen reticulum omasum abomasum

Small intestine
(longer in herbivores)

Long caecum in
herbivores

Dolphin Sea lion/Seal Sea cow or manatee