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1.0
^1^
g Ki
us
it
14.0
ill
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11-25
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1.6
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A>,>*j'
BY
'^RV:A?^^feAj>i>':
1(#i
'
Sr-
'>
i*
0R^
#*
'
;*'
A a
MORAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL ASPECT
/
WITH
SUGOESTIONS RESPECTING
M,:
!
AND
S-:-cv;;.?^->-
-.>
FOB THE
H
#.
BY MARY
A. SHAD^I^.
.1'
DETROIT:
IPRINT^D BY GEORGE W. PATtlSON.
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,t;Wji
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
l;
.
^tM*M<.U:^>V u-
'>i5><.frV'-
\i ii
!^n >{.,<
The
become
West
emigrants,
and
to
them
particularly, since
many
of
thm dangerous
in the extreme,
^this
consideration,
all, is
and
my
excuse
The people
are in a
its
entire
controllable force,
otlier,
on the
alld
the
Colonization
is
garb of ChrktianUy
Philanthropy y
seconding the
lists
named power, by
needed.';
as she
is
adies, bids
ical death,
them welcome
she
feelingly invites to
enemies at
to the probabil-
H*'
IV
PREFATOUV UKMAUKS.
Fiifijitivo
Law.
Certain
tliat neitlier
home
nor
cumstances, inquiry
made
respectinff
Canada.
endeavored
believinii'IH.
and
thai
more
reliance
facts obtained
in the country,
made
made,
determined to
visit
such inforresult of
much
inquiry
in the Province.
M. A.
S.
i-,)!
fii
-'/.v-y.',}--.) iH'tl:'\^<
ffiKiu
'iit
<f JfJ^
;^^/iJ)
f'.'-
.'.'
\4
i.yiiti^-i
U:Tf|#.ti;. ,i^:>U_
-sA,;y j;;f4i:..
;;
,rn<li
lilH^Unlu.'v
' '
'
'
'
Ai.
'
m-v^Vid <i^m^4^
tw0f
Jl^-^)^U'<x
'
''
'"
./Xl<
orcd
nm.'- Kuii
A
I,-,
Is
*r.4
/'
riii
tJ/;iu
BRITISH
it
AMERICA.
is
..-^mM
me mi
Ji9^
British America,
at least, to the
is
well known,
its
beautiful lakes
and
rivers
is
on the Western
Continent.
The
extremely severe,
districts, particular:
epidem-
The province
ada West
is to
be preferred.
THE CANADASCLIMATE,
Canada East, from geographical
tics, is
position
The
surface
is
generally uneven,
and
in
many-
mhabitantfti
The land
is
is inferior to.
fair
*
6
da
general.
Population (which
St.
is
principally
French)
is
Lawrence, and
the conlitfy
nowhere
suflicient
ergy.
much
less severe
than
when,
that very
deep
enows are less frequent than they were, and that owing to the great
body
It
i
the ice
making more
If
we
well
know
that
many
flourish-
ing towns in Canada are farther south than a large portion of Maine,
New
Hampshire, Vermont,
New
should,
m considering
I
it is
this fact,
have the
geographical
position,
reason that
the
so-
Cana-
da we find the
,
lem United
States.
.i.|j
of country
*
-.
eml^ttst be equal,
itTjr
if
by
be settled
in
will
In January
^d February there
;
warm
but
when the
U rapid,
m that
be
whatever deficiency
may
be atiributeU to
ilr
britf firiod.
rious
5
may
fully
compensated
and equal
it ii
warm
though
us,
late
far-
and
beginning,
it is
the
autumn with
a
and
tlie
huftt
mers harvest
nfoeblin/Lf
later perioil
thaa
in the
ic'teristics
y^sical
August and
months
en<
and the
v't're
Taking
this
than
superiority of
many
products, as wheat,
its
&o.,
may be
is
aooountod
'ery
deep
for.
place, I
the great
Jg in the
dence as
Annexed
table setting
and heat,
inadjans,
as indicated er
it.
If
flourish
f
Maine,
gon, and
GREATEST DBO.
graphical
t,
OV
HEAT.
LOWEST
DBO.
'.'.tTSi
OF COLD.
for the
the 80disinter-
T,
when
nwhieli
82 4' 93 r
V
186'
7t
-
.
-
91 89 86 8' 96 94 6' 87 H
-fiifl,
?^:
9 r
4
|<J
a a*:
fu,
illli-^'flgi
<>:1
Jfetflfe
?)
'' sr>
n Cana1
'These are the extreme ranges of cold and heai indicated at the
wliichi
north-
do pot
la9^
roducts
to that
similar)re8ent.
eatiier,
the
mean temperature
of the four
months of
summer and
tively
:
four of winter for the last eight years have beea TespwH'
Fahrenheit."*
Jjk
a^-
summer and
ae sea-
always
den the
F
v^e>
'
jf Catechism of
*
jit
Emnmnis
of all Ci
'
^P>iuiii4
<-
"ife^
In
pt
re^<i|iilil!e,
is
the most desirable known in so high a latitude, for emigrants generally, andl colored
the
that
people particularly.
and
.
New
Britain,
the
I
thd cold'
I,
is
more
intense, but
when we
think of
extent of
Upper
darl
rea<^
for ascribing
severe cold to
the!
clet
States with that of the torrid zone, because of the great heat in the
lower latitude.
1:1
In
seasons pro-
many
in
warm
weather alternate
quick succession
and
in the
upper pro-
.,IOU
'*U
.iJilti
l*9lWJr
.r/.-a,H
uti
.atu
TlfiST'Aasisj
The
quality and different kinds of soil must form the second subit
enters
largely into
all
is
pro-
moted by
^
soil.
the ques-
tiohs
subject,
point.
may not be
in
;
said on this
mean to be
prot)a'bly
vC0%ould
be as desirable as lands
Canada,
it is
if
the idea
weH iiimply
iiiow
,miiid
if
to get lands
and
settle thereorf
but
important to
;t
by
this investigation
state, or
we only
if
agitate,
m ah uh'settled
a permanent nationality
included
and
settlers.
soil
of
Canada
its
^pdeterini^ejirotsp^ive emigrants in
favor ?
^-^j^
1^9
In
Persons
It
that it
tS
itsgeneralish
is
unsurpassed by
Ameri-
w Britain,
of
It is not
Upper
United
which
is
seldom
ere cold to
ihe
eat in the
Wheat, the
asons prosubject to
pounds
fifty-six
cold and
ware, that
white and
size,
seldom reached.
pper prole
'
all
of the largest
climate
f
'i
and other
There
ger
1
size,
size
.;
we
:)nd
it
sub-
superiority.
known wheat,
enters
buckwheat, Indian com, and other grains, are raised oi good quality,
Jndence
ibject of
',
and with
profit,
and more
on
in
a mode
been ex-
is
pro-
not
much practised
The
Canada
the Uni-
hausted
ness.
suflEiciently to require
productive-
he quest
of the
now
of
on
this
and those
n Mexithe idea
rtant to
3
do not
feel
public
,-f
It is
said to be equally
its
is
fertile,
icludcd
more northern
situation.
much level
country.
Numerous and
2
beautiful rivers,
{red bjr
no lack of wa-
10
ter power.
" The
Tbey are
similar to
the westcnrn
ih.%\
is
ber lands.
capital,
over plains,
is
considerable.
On
;
on which timber
is
besides the
;
mode
of tillage
is
different.
lands
and cash
and more
may
Wood
two
The
regularity of
ailso,
other men, be
fails,"
is
the
it
fall
wheat
says the
;
little
book referred
to,
"he replaces
Those whose
with spring
wheat
and our seasons are so peculiar that some crops are always
* * *
capital invested
certain to be productive."
in
it is
their
The above
graQts in
general, ^men
and
set-
fihow
tie in
wealthy
who
From
the
many
instances
of success under
my observation,
energy, an
The
is
cost of
is also
an important item
a crop,
by that
meant put^
state to receive
it
<*In
which
can
price varies
from that to
Catechism.
NOTBS
mtiy,
rops,'
Oil'
CANADA WEST.
province,
is,
u
that
it i
he western
hardly
an
for tim-
as the attention
rs of small
lain lands,
to*
There are,
it
and must be
IS
and
scientific
to*
faimers^ as
abor spent
f tillage is
its
subsistence, than
of different
the
though
a ready
conviction is irresistible
that mdigence
and moderate*competenoe
and
their
in to three
must at no
pkce
to wealth, intelligence,
enty cords
concoaitants.
nS^^t.^'-^- *^'"''-'"*''v^
.K
fi^'W^.'
of at two
afularity
of
...^.,'i
...
..r ^.
>V
.T/
4-4-
Ikv^.f
^(^
that of
kll
all
Hie accompanying
^^5,
"I'Tp'
tat)!e ezliibilis
aere', 61
wheat
ith spring
ABTIOLESw
Oats, Bariey, -' ^^ -
KG. BUSH.
-
re always
i\
invested
<^"
1th.
70
i^ l^"
15
31^
mtiki..i:-i^
Indian
Com,
fontt
e satisfied
ill
a part
be the
the emital,
white or
I
Irish
and sweet,
and
under
and tobacco.
in
whosetsss
3
what we
in the lajrge
markets of our
colored
vegetables
them
lergy,
le
an
The
j
much
cost of
and
is in
so of the others.
Tobaeeo
3ant put^
grows
finely,
sale at
of trees,
districts,
high price
cription,
tics
with us.
articles, I repeat,
and have
least for
so general in the
us.
that to
but a
6itt
12i
iitf^J
>,*,.=^-r'^
GARDEN VEGETABLES,
fee. -;,r>ffT
i|
cm-
elsewhere.
tbe^
**^
ipric
;mai
I
hei\
FRUITSVINESBERRIES.
Canada
is
The
fruits of
if
New York,
comparison
Michigan and
is fairly
New
in
instituted,
Apples grow
and
clierries, in
many
varieties.
The extent
to
which
are raised
Other ideas
a barren
soil,
and
when
h
At
Toronto>
may
every
way
by the farmers
of their
own
to
agri-
cultural districts.
At
the
and
cattle,
were awarded
Canada
farmers
ki
New York
***!
^
IK)MESTIC ANIMALSFOWLSGAME.
V^
'
Iti
the general, the horses are not of that Jarge siz6 found in the
by
the French
;
yet, occasioually,
am^ng
by
them, and
cattle,
sheep,
etc., also.
The
size 6f cattle
it
seems
being thought
19
because
it is
well
cig-
le ptffmlation.
Among
more
atten-
celeiy, lettuce,
tion is
competition
cattle
is
as spiritedly carried
finest kinds,
)cantelopesan(t
been mentioned
sas to size
and cantIope8,
United States,
market-place*
^
Durham and
[mals,
is
The
a&
shown
not at
all less
before said, the highest premiums given, for superior cattle and sheep
of
t
New Yoi],,
comparison
in 1861,
if
To
understand
Canadas
in this particular,
the Province,
he diminutive
pears,
sheep and hogs, would well repay a visit to the country, to those skep-
plums
tical
fruit is culti^
'ns
for quality
are raised
and
.^^
abundance.
eberries,
and
Other ideas
aduced when
*f^i^mm^^^i^'m
< 5 (( 4 6 and 6 "
:-.^
.
^-
Beef,
We towns,
"^erica in
ir
^,Muttons
Pork,
i-:-^if>''i^f^i^m-^'i.
hii.W
:M
m-'
own
agri-
Again, the butter and cheese, derived directly from these animals,
%an, 1851,
to
g:
must
be*
and
are, superior,
Canada
the
same
so thoroughly conducted as in
more populous
and judg-
settled countries,
where a competition of
articles
tastes
and arranging
^d
r^
tie
r
in the
freely indulged.
The comparative
the
ariy those
summer
mark
hr
that season
in the
in winter,
many
horses
their horses,
seems
*Fric^ of meat are not nniform, as before said, and owing to the increased demand prices have risen very recently, to the ordinary price in the States. That, of conrse,
wiUnotbethB.nttehence(ih,batwill be determinedly thesupply.
thought
in this
li
14
Numbers are seen in mid- winter, looking as well as those h/MMed 4P The snow protect the grasses, and from their peculiar length fed.
and frequency, animals
subsist well on the matter they are thus en-
at
ma)
ace
abled to get by removing them, and from the early giowth of shrtdtw
in the woods.
The farms
fan
and other
fowls, in great
numbers
-^prices are generally for poultry twashtUings and two and siz-penc the pair,
en,
when
in great plenty
in
any quantity
country to purchase, to
these articles, in
cities.
In the winter,
common with
would be called
higjby
Geese uniformly
command two
There
is
shillings
turkeys one
dol-^
lar,
domesticated or wild.
sale.
Hunting
of all
and ducks,
down
in
in great nunkbers.
remote
districts,
an
COUNTRYCITY PROPERTY,
&C.
Hat
'H
>l
i'X
*"^e country
thickly
settled,
in the vicinity of
of course, very
much
higher than
two hundred
Toronto
rates.
:
good
position in
may be had
at reasonable
to* fifty
dol-
lars the
acrefifty
dollars, superior in
JNOTSS OF
CANADA
W.BBT.
16
fire
thousand.
Im-
hMned^gl
iliar
tre
1
at prices varying
length
thus en-
of shrubs
well
eys, gees*,
Thousands of
in the
ready 8a]
i
six-peno
the doz-
and
now weU
market
at the
above prices,
situated as to prospect
from the
ts
lakes,
and
The land
i&
laid out in
what are
ers
without
irough the
^e
winter,
4n individual
property can
xiities,
are
ed high,
)ply insuf's
and under
jurisdiction of
"Government
One hundred
acres is
one dol-
rame,
and
torn of all
>s,
by Government
and
be often defective.
In
quails,,
nuinbers^
itriets,
and below a
specified
number
of
an
acres,
may
not be bought
is
a prohibition of advantage to
spirit
many who
rattimes^
induced a
of enterprise
are
and competition^
Too many
ging along miserably, on the few acres, ten, twenty, or such a matter,
di
s
bought
at the
a country in
t>eing
Yonge
than
1
There
is
every induce-
lier
ment
.
;ation->-
sition
n^
m
.V'.-.-
employment at
fair prices,
sonable
ification in ezisteaice.
dol-
LABOBr-TRADES.
In Canada, as in other recently settled countries, there
*do,
is
ihe hest
much
to
farms
The numerous
to^T.;.i
and
yay, to^
16
villages springing tip,
for timber
:
and aglicul'
are
turul products,
make
practiced in
carried on
tlie
by y^tSff^o^j^
If a colored
no man's complexion
man.
there
man
same
He
is
is
little
better,
and
1
at a lower rate
no degraded
class to identify
him
with,
work stands or
falls
Builders,
colored,
of the
men employed
are white.
Businesses
wood
is
commodity is carried on
employment and
Canada mar-
United States
bum
their timber.
and
be
in operation,
it is
and of course
successfully manufactured,
and numerous
mill-sites
men
saw
mills
on
their
own
At Dawn, a
and
settle*
hereafter,)
at other points,
them.
To enumerate
the
dif-
would but
:
fatigue,
in view,
namely
which
To
^-rt:^.'***
^"'*<*^'
17
soil,
and
Agrienl-
exUtence vlHitcver
countr}% by climate,
political necessities
;
and
If a colored
and
that colored
men prosecute
in
all
;
are
atronage the
store keepers, farmers-, clerks,
>
and laborers
better,
and
and encouraged
fit
any business
y him
nerit,
with,
qualifications
and means
them
not as
omplexions,
>
new fields of enterprise will be opened consequently new motives to honorable effort.
try develop,
and
with peris
colored.
CHURCHESSCHOOLS
In the large towns and
Christian countries, the
cities,
Businesses
sM a
large
means
5ed, to
any
There are
ship,
"Costly
**
churches in which
classes
ade in that
s,
and no
I
the get-
cially.
was
when
religious
purposes,
(lis
our own
larg^^
body of Amewl
rican Christians.
state of
In the churches, originally built by the white Caof colored persons, promiscuously seated,
nada marates
bum
no comment whatever.
They
are
process of several
rorks will
3f course
tets,
pews according
to their inclination,
The number
That that
They have
their
is
*'
own churches/'
is
the feature
is
are
in their policy,
which
;
t being
>i*ed
evident enough
fluential
in-
men
among them,
is
decided and
universal.
settle-
I have heard
men
of
many
who
f points,
the dif-
even in
in
and in the
view,
and
ntry, in
Baptist,
has no
<
stored people
rla
ib fatal.
The
inOnii-
9m
nurtured
Hiibjects,
li
in its purity.
If
to observe thoughtfully
thought njBcessary to
'II
'
In her bosom
had their
origin in
that should have been left in the country in which they originated
'tis
is
not bounded
by geographical
lines,
few
to teach
them love
to their neighbor
The missionary
;etdv
last
and
efficient
;
gentlemen,
all
of them,
and
self-sacrificing in the
degree
^fyi^spices.
Much
were possible^
him
to foresee
him
South Sea
Islands,
.^^t\e,
would be preferable
sympathy of the
as pleaisant as
little
community
apd
is enlisted,
and
his sojourn
is
made
j^ssibie
^ipapliB
the people
from
to
whom he
is sent,
are either as
;
children,
and
tHlveinies.
]|t<l^lect
field
almost
in speaking distance
and a de-
Not
directly
be benefitted
may
light,
be looked
for, at first.
They
po$-
and incline
to cluster
to
aiMi.tohav
M heart
the
common
good, whose
and opera-
1^
m<3ihg<
tioQ^y
he ifflpAnd designedly counteracting his couHcientiuas eflforU, irely appealing to a common origin and kindred suffer*
striking behind,
lent
ZionT^fthe
onary, and
his. operations,
) in its present
lould
have been
nurtured
'som
is
against whites,
oppression,
and
ireat
They and
their
ey originated
)y geographical
t'amiesv.
and
in
when many
the Province,
other eountries think they ace too old. There are no separate schoohi:
at Toronto
perior religious
ssionaryeflfeit;
and
in
many other
to give
them
some
sections, thei-e is
a tendency
to>
The
red Scriptupes.
IX
when
the
preachers
under
revision, that
there were
crificing in the
parties, twelve
'^der the
among them,
can,
;
same
a school
^or their children exist,
sorrow await
lim to foresee
but
Government,
^e South Sea
'P*thy of
tht^
The
following
:.
is
pleasant as
ttle child^ien,
reliates to
them
it
"And
city,
be
it
enacted, That
shall
l|umoil{)i^>
case, deadJr
r
town or i^C)p)orated
village,
distance
and a deprima ~
nsequenoes,
fneii
Boipm Q(i#^
lii^inl
Ttey po^.
wissionaRf
and
shfill
ms^ ^^
pm^^^^
sa^^
in
holing of the
first
a%htened.
and opera
fira^t
school
meMiog in a new
sha^go
6epar|kt(|j j)iool
<
!>!<
wi
' ii<B^i>a"
N0TI8 or CANADA
into operation at the
shall
\yj8T.
alterations in Hchooi
in respect to tht
a1
c( lore'! ^'=?oplo
whom
shall
is
permitted to bo established, as
tliat
schools generally
Provided, secondly,
tlie
none but
eparate
school for their children, and none but the parties petitioBing for tho
establishment
maii
of,
schools
Roman
av;^-
such separate school, (the n>ean attendance of pupils for both sum-
mer and
common
when
the
teacher of the
common
is
school
is
Roman
any Ro-
man
the
common
school
a Protestant."
Afl before said, the facilities for obtaining a liberal education, are
and
cities.
In Toronto, students of
all
com| i'^arions
ges,
7b<: o^=jratioi
among
colored,
pecp'iv;;,
The colored
priall;
schools have
vile,
id^iiefa,
are open to
was designed
all,
to afford the
facilitieis
for instruction to
tiottlir
was
insei>ted
.iol)jeel^onablerto'the
<^l
^Mri
it
fugitives, in
some
instances, settled
came
tip,
purchase
tf
a rrraKMrc',
rc-tnrdeift
and
U; i;
ether
Jlons
buying.
This cause
luis, in
jjjllllljJMpgeneral informutiun
amongst
tlu'm.
on(^
|g3Hp|K,
C( !or*"'
r
an-
^oplo
other, or interspersed
among
fcjcotcb, Irish
is
and
the 'Cparate
for tlio
Indians, in the
woodland
not spoken.
m'mg
Ujgether in happy
their
testant or
iiste<'s f'f
Ro-
iwl
own crude
such
it .>e
an Indian camp
state of aflfairs to
mt, or
Homan
occasionally.
This
may be
cities,
rather an uninvitin
it is
in the school
tliose living in
crowded
but
numerous grown
But as unintert^io
ttending each
for
up
families, of white
is
both sum-
esting as
'erage attcndity,
went
town,
vil-
eut their
way
out,
to^
itant
ipt
separate
in
of the
when the
any Ro-
Many
shall
time and talents to their instruction, but there has not been anything
like
he teacher of
have materials
iducation, are
work
with.
send books to those most needy, yet they are usually of sueh a character as to be utterly useless. I have often thought, if it is really a bene-
udents of
ols
all
and coUe-
volent act
bouks
to
sort of vanity
libraries
by emptying the
It
The colored
than the pri-
on
destitute fugitives ?
would be
not
id^
give, dt seems,
entiy.
ctifilKl^-
open to
all;
The
case
de8i!^^f:6)ai tfei
to afford the
oppot^ify.
nd that par-
is
gratified
uteftfl ?
though
or.
less
is
Bbt the
c[ae8t!on; If it
ot been
satisfactorily
<ihe fugitiiires
answered
ii>
in the affirmative, to
^rioi^ who
rheir friends
re obliged to
to purchase
hare seen
their
Canadian holmes/
i^
'
h
22
KOTBS OF CANADA WEST.
said of the
Canada colored
settlemei
i;
'
M
!
men
with degraded
men
of
would
result,
and as a
conSeC|tienee, estrange-
be
proscriptive settlements.
Those
bat
that settlements
may
not so
certain.
King's Settle-
ment, as
is
called, situated
purchase of lands,
etc.,
but
When
At
purchase was
made
of the lands,
many white
in
families
were
residents,
at least, lo-
cations
li
first,
a few sold
others,
and
they the majority, concluded to remain, and the result attests their
superior judgment.
many
feared would
ch9ff|cterize
many,
is
unprecedented
given
;
intellectual
Is
and
social
the gospel
common, and
fit
hospitality
is
shared alike by
all.
The
school for
tliQ^ettiers,
cjhijblrenr
Elgin,
send
together,
and
visit in
common
;
thie
U^d.
Soof Pawn
thftt
settlement
is
and
it
exerts
importance
Land has
%
NOTSfi
OF CANADA WEST*.
S3
J)y colored!
creftsing
di
held
much
higher.
Another
is
a passing
notice,
fmaded
men of
ance.
eir vicinity.
Efforts are
now put
to
more
nee, estrange-I
gaaizatiosn,
men
no
^r,
neighboring landholders could rightfully share with them in the result of that organization.
<exc}usioh.
ia
not so
the cause of
Bo
it
is
cannot be said of
morals, the
people; but
Qrchase
was
prelnises
may
is,
by the
is
settlens in
Canadi%i
The
E.
"Institution"
;
a few sold
of the A.
is
M.
Church
it
contains, at present,
two hundred
fiffy
others,
and
acres^
and
soM
cents
attests their
They have
recently opened
state, also
Bjudice,im-
ared would
on the
among so
intellectual
most of whom have cleared away a few trees, but it is not in a very
it is
said, to bad
management of ageiitS'
art
of the
social
when a want
fair to
of knowledge chirai^teris^
and
them.
he gospel
school for
[
is
for white
all
send
knotr, thdifpi
I heard of
fifty
two others.
Thi$ Sodet^'
fugftlvii
de
Jre estab-
signed to appropriate
slavery,
iinli^,
$nm
hiiig,and
in posseseiioii tWoliiiliiM
recent
poftance
fements.
fe
The plan
is to sell
given
market valuf
Ifcft
ptireha^m
(pllp'*wf^'''?^'"
'W
24
SOTES OP CANADA WEST.
eonstitntcs
fen
*
'^
to
pay
t.ent;
Wis.society
may now be
coSL
L" 3
lU--I.te.
^i" have an
rk'T
who
t '^'
"'""""""^ "'l^ltolie
^''"'<'
"-"eo".
a*SllHE
''^
-Wed
-portant;eX ;:?';'
^^
'*'''
"P-"-'
in^
Canada, or
Z^^aJ
Fu^Zr
be
to
^"^ P-P'
'J"-
- now
*
11^1'";
"'^^^O-^'-e
'""""' "^ ^'^'"'
ZZT^
''^""'^''^^^''>''
*-'
laown th the
qetly.many
^"^
"
..^hose^ are
mates
HT
'"*S"'d-
Vr ^"^
or
'*'^'*
is
well
aUke at
tt
^^ o^-
e in
always free^^lM
*'''''''*
"otthat 1.^
b^n enacten:
in
wB.
""ey
^dpfib. Refugees' Home ""^"' ^"'"o- frl th^^ ' ""'?' "^ -minal fedom, -ieuitiswellbfown th J^^
cowZr
""'"'''''
:f 'n^peouam^
Agam,
iTw
"PPOrtMities,
.
'" '"'"
^"""""^ "O'"".
/ pople
*6y*.Sp^y.
%v.
is
Their journey to
cZ;,''r"^'''^'''"''%
have
free or P^r^^. his better ^'7^'""' '''"" " " . mbe^ of tbcsame *-'" familyT
ge^^rally "Lad
'"""'"'^
by
^d
w
otrd
birth,
TT
'''"^'
^Wari.
,Agai, the
Zi.ty
h It
""'
'^^'r
" readjr,b.,for ^'^'''' "*"' ''"' itsJands will not !l. *" ' *'" "' "'"' goverament purchases, ,
T^
::
_Jk|ua*v,^
.'*','.
v*aBwi!T^'^-
KOTfiS
OF CANADA W&ST.
26
pn years ar^
neither
rst
dcMK contemplate
nature of the
From
many
enTr*s!iall be
^^ operations,
^ho
ns of
known for what use it is wanted, individual holders but for more than the real value, thus embarrassing poor
time, and as an able
first
are
now
pwchaser from
frieads of the
choice.
The
objections
Ameri-
common with
**We are
"je as to the
>nia!it8favoy,
premium
good beha-
free
all
the objec**
good
i'
we vish
to
ag^aiBst
weJI
hem
in the society
efforts, to at-
eolored
do the many
foreigners
;
*th,--*eoaseStates,
we were
aad
The accompanying
naained
'S,
had
>,.M
<
or where
Article 2.
The object
rifice;
they
homes
cial,
for the
so-
ettleonthe
*1
physical, intellectual,
and
political elevation.
freedom,
Article 11.
settlers,
Isgrace at*
'ortunities^
who
owners of no land.
Article 12.
ions north,
itemptfor
^^^y
and
at least one-tenth
have
down by actual'sMer^
ot rooted
w
ot
free or
i^m^'M*.:
be as
One-third of
all
money paid
in for land
by
settlers,
discord
1 >t
made,
likely
children,
for
the same object, while chattel slavery exists in the United States.
in n,
the
BY-LAWS.
No
person shall receive more than
than cost.
five acres of
,
with
bases
ciety, at less
ft'
26
Article 4.
tp:
No person shall
first
made payment
thereon.
be seen by Art. 13 of
Con., and Art. 4, By-Laws, than most fugitives just from slavery can
destitute
women
women,)
This, say
familiarity
many
man
*
has proven
ity
^nd
is fit
by his own
him
any time.
POLITICAL RIGHTSELECTION
There
is
LAWOATHCURRENCY.
effecting colored emi-
grants in Canada, nor from any cause whatever are their privileges
sought to be abridged.
redress can be obtained.
On taking proper
The following "
fully
:*
equally on
all,
and observed
by colored men
" The
on the
own
right or that of
at the time in the
and resident
township or ward."
" In towns,
!n tbdr
own rames
the
amount of
ward.
The property
town voters
may
consist partly
In villages
cities ,Z.
it is
in
The
and relating to
mk more than
'^Scobies'
others.
7
elections,
No p9iM|
)3ball
wfo
has
not vested^MPhim, by
urchaees,
and
five
g, currency.
Title to
y
k
Art. 13 of
free
fram alien,
or de-
sl&Tery can
Province of Quebec,
or Act of Parliament'
he
man
should have been in receipt of the rents and profits of said property
for his
equal-
time.
writ of election.
But the
3NCY.
lored emiprivileges
Qost
been registered three calendar months before the date of the writ of
In Lower Canada, possession ofi^he property under a writif
ample
/* bearing
U
"will
month*
give
to vote.
In Upper Canada,
a conveyance to wife
ownships,
I.
after
entered
months before
election."
r that of
3Ae in
"Only
vote.
the
by producing
certificate, or
by
property
enants to
le in
t
the
afi'airs.
partly-
number
old
;
in
There
is, it is
by
individuals,
which
are not
is
made use
of
impartiality
and
strict/
ted
by
The
ful
oath, as prescribed
B.,
is
" I, A.
will
bear fai^-
n.
28
t'
will
power against
shall
will
all traitors,
do
my
Majesty,
spiracies
shall
know
of them, and
and ,renouncing
all
So help
me
God.''
Officer
may
to persons
shall
"tions,
10
Such votes
null
and void."
:
The
qualifications of Municipal
Township Councillor must be a freeholder or householder of the * * as proprietor or tenant rated on the township or ward, *
roll, in
householder for
a householder for
to the amount of
40 and upwards. The property Town Councillors may be partly freehold and partly
qualification of
leasehold."
A' tenant voter in town or city must have occupied h"^ actual residence, as a separate tenant, a dwelling house or houses for twelve
i 1
2s. l^d.
a year's rent, or that amount of money for the twelve months immediately preceding the date of election
ivrit.
not
And a
in
must
ward
mff
29
and
-^
The
foUoiiJiig arc
some of the
articles
tever
wIM
and horses,
cattle
and
when employed
in carrying
merchandize,
shall be
bona
mental
md dispenme God."
allegiance
dize through the Province for the purpose of retailing the same,
circus or equestrian
any
arliament,
of British
in this Province."
gatelect)urden of
when
*'
Hows
3r
of the
Wearing apparel in actual use, and other personal effects not merchandize; horses and cattle; implements and tools of trade of
handicraftsmen." * * * " Trees, shmbs, bulbs and roots ; wheat and Indian com ; animals specially imported for the improvement of stock paintings, drawings, maps, busts, printed books, (not foreign reprints * of British copy- right works,) ashes, pot and pearl, and soda."
'
d on thf
>lder for
Ider, for
Town
ieholder
ation of
[d."
al
resi'
twelve
ve paid
CURRENCY OF* CANADA. OOLD. CURRENCY. The British Sovereign when of full weight, 1 4s 4d. U. S. Eagle, coined before 1st July 1884, 1 13s ^d U. S. Eagle, between 1st of July, 1834, and 1st of July 2 10s Od 1851,
SILVER,
SILVER. Gs 3
1
British
Crown,
Id
2
immeonly a
is
Half cr^wn,
Shilling,
Sixpence,
not
The
dollar.
Within.
;
Half
"
5 2
1
1
H H
1
must
Other eighth silver dollar, Os 6d U. S. sixteenth dollar, " a 3 Other 4 8 Five franc piece, COPPER. British penny, ^ ( halfpenny,
,
farthing,
30
"Be
it
That
wtilpMiver,
on or
yeaihllf ^^gfjM^^
die siezed
Upper Can-
ada, without having lawfully devised the same, such real estate shall
is
to
Secondly
To Thirdly Fourthly
" That
if
his fatlier.
^To his
mother
and
2.
and
all of equal
degree of consanguinity
common
degree of
consanguinity
3.
may
be.
" That
if
intestate be living,
and any
who
are living,
a^d
to the
each child who shall be living shall inherit such share as would have
descended to him
if all
who
shall have
had been
each child
rents
*'
who
in equal shares.
18.
relatives
who
entitled, to inherit
Canadas
are, in the
^,M and
Scobie.
31
destitution i
settled
found
among
They
are
pr
uously in
cities,
men
more
freeholders.
They
and own
val-
own much
cities, etc.
There
is,
of course, a
differ*
for,
is
conceded to them by
indeed,
much
to genuine
men
of
upon
ground
i
for
sympathy
own
have
said, there
but
little
actual poverty
They
different trades
conducted by the Rev. Henry Bibb, and other able men, white and
colored, are laboring
ed, there is
amopg them, and in view of the protection afford* no good reason why they should not prosper. After the
from having,
sand
in
many
them
all
they possessed,
made not
the report
set-
often so disposed
whom
men
intended.
little real
charity.
The
sensible
among them,
bation in the social circle, in meetings, and through the public papers.
men
of
Canada
without begging.
"
32
clifferontly,
minority.
who
|^
entirely to themselves
first, let
places
"if facts would bear out the statements made, the fugitives
wouW
ami
have
little
to choose
line,
starvation
alternative.
is
willing to
suffer,
and
unless a
man
"The cry
that
up
circulated both
on
this
side of the
hesi-
our prejudice.
Canada, we
who are
a good living."
Canada," and
to
what extent
clothing and barrels of provisions which have been sent in, from time
to time,
who
to work, and who form but a small portion of the colored population
in Canada.
in
thirty
three thousand of
them have
it
ever received idd, and not more than half of them required
had they
been willing
to
We
4o not think
it
who
by
their
own
beggars,
when they
want anything.
*
is
We
know
that there
one
portion of
are self-supporting,
to the
as
be
relieveil here,
trifling eflfort,
a pretext
for
United Statei."
EDWARD
.
R.
GRANTS,
)
}
Committee.
I
"As
among
trio
Hamilton,
can
say,
suflfering is
far
scarcely
known
idleness.
far as the
6lc.,
tend to
make broad
numbers, and to
refugee,
is
negro hate.
The
made
to infer the
The
"completely convinced by
and
all colored
ones
who think
and he
is
make
the
way
of the
Among
who by their
is
what of prejudice
is to
lingering in tke
minds of the
whiteii;
aod
it
many who
will hereafter
34
settle in
f
-
"!'
':
--
Canada.
of hope
is
in the
native good
sense of those
ties for
who
now making
tlio
improvement as are
THE FRENCH
The population
Irish
of
;
Canada
and Americans
1,582,000.
Of the
about
felt in
political circles.
In
Canada West
The
that
is,
disposition of the
peoph
may
be taken,, and
my
own
observation
may
be allowed,
is
The Yankees,
result
and in the
no opportunity unimproved
is,
to embitter their
The
in
some
is
sections, a contemptible
among
English,
dividual entertaining it--not even affecting his circle. This grows out
There
is
free
depression than
among Americans.
is
The
affinity
strong
said to
r^pect to polHical
affairs:
but
it
is
mark
to
men
of a different policy.
having but
pie-dispocfed,
They
a prevailing
people
their
good conduct on
I
and honest
listi-rt-
Sd
crowd our country
will travel
many
miles,
chapels, ail4 remain for hours eagerly and patiently seeking the ligh(.
Le^
ti^y
ignorance
now
slavery be met by fair and full discussion, and open and thorough investigation, and the apathy
dis*
appear."
S, R.
Ward.
Colored persons have been refused entertainment in taverns, (invariably of an inferior class,)
is
made
but in
foreigners
Northern States.
some cases
treated similarly.
It is
an easy letter
to
make
it,
Wc
calculated to cauae
for
make
it
difficult
well-mannered
is
There
a medium bo*
to all per;
tween
servility
itself
sons of
common
and
if
colored people would avoid the two extremes, there would be but
complain of in Canada.
In cases in
persist in refusing
common
state of society as
in the States.
lines are as
There
is
and aristocracy
in the
Canadas
is
the
same in
its
There
is
no approach
demc^
but there
is
an aristocracy of birth,
titled
immigrants and
from tl^en^ot
down through
Yankees an^
consent,
till
common
'ite>
,"iV
36
ctasfi
;"
ground on which
men
of
RECAPITULATION.
The conclusion
person,
is,
arrived at in respect to
settled country in
Canada, by
an]^impartial
that
no
America
is
offers stronger
induce-
The climate
settlers,
or as the
the soil
is
of the
int
quality
same
;
pTOtecfion
alter
Oftlli,
and
persons not
bom
subjects
and
they
may
enjoy
full
*'
Province."
MttAtlCed,
healthy
vice
;
is
discoun-
and, added
to this, there is
gTBttsiVe
system of religion.
U^^^l
-^fi
n
H.
AMERICAAFRICA.
htducemonts have been held out by planters to colored men, to
tettte in the British
West
Indies,
theih
on the
subject.
beki
thto dii^6ct
The
advaritdgeil to
be derived by
mode of
mere labor-
of owners of the
may be
looked
for.
The
37
be
British sub*
is
The |rolicy
and
to
dtivefree colored people out of the country, and to send them to Africa, only,
at the
some time,
of their system.
To
fulfil,
they
make
They wish
this
slavery
continent
at the
vicinity of freemen.
To
the motive to
fine climate
their settlement
by colored men.
Jamaica, with
its
and
rich
soil, is
the
It is
but, as if pro-
so positioned
that, if
properly garrisoned
by
col-
and
effectually
check
own policy, and any mischievous designs now in contemplation toward Cuba and Hayti. So of that portion of the Isthmus now under the protection of Great Britain. In view
of the ultimate
it is
destiny of the
of the
first
men
They
the Isthmus
it is
said
by medical
miein,
human
whalemen
in the
northern seas, and settlers in the British provinces, (far north of the
West
Indies.
The question
of availabiH-
can never be
who conduct
Colored men^
are
whites,
their
and the
tlBpartments of dvil'
emancipatidA.
Tl
38
ten
up by
True there
may
not be so
much exported
more purchasers
is
home.
The miserably
man, with the
Neither
is
fed
slave
of former days,
now
ability to
buy whatever
his
the
demand
idle.
on
their
own
account,
class.
traders,
More
attention
is,
of course, paid to
children
Much
has
conjointly with
emigrants
that
It
needs no
settlement by colored
is
but a
emigration to the
West
Indies be
made than
the present,
now
that
who
would
like a milder
What government
;
so prac-
and so protective?
to
None.
The
objectipj^ that
self-
at once, for
affairs
trolled, so far
immediate
JThe assertion
that white
men
There
universally degrade
is
no aristocracy of skin
It is
every
first
honorable
effort is
of the
anti-
and tenden-
They, of
all
others on this
\"
39
of degradation,
made
They
British
United States, say, "you (colored people,) will not desire to be the
laborers in other
ditch,
countries
to dig
the canals,
work on
rail roads,
and the
like, but
trade,
and
Men who
a change,
who
who
are unwilStates,
be given,
ever, will
ting to a country.
Emigr?ints to
monopoly of
the.
so called respectable
distrust, as
occupations, exclusively,
would not be
far different
from a monopoly of
menial employments.
fu-
at times
grant of
In the
first
place, there is
no pre-
cedent on record of a grant, similar to the one sought, and the polL
The
great
objectj]
toleration
ir.
matters of religion
Romish Church
th(
MV:
40
a minority, struggling
ihe ambition
to
H^
and
of military chiefs.
Would
?
colored
men be
piepaied
we raay,"say others, "and establish our own governments." But Africa has already been seized upon the Ei^glish, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Turks, have long since shared heroyt among themselves,
while
;
and little Liberia may yet revert to some heir-at-law, who has purposely
been unmindful of
after,
it
her.
There
is
may be by right
but to be
reliable
tive left
is
now
existing that
Brit-
most
;
ain
home
for the
American
slave,
I
The
which
MEXICO.
The
tility
vicinity of
Mexico
to the
known
hos-
0me persons in
consideration,
it
but on careful
features, in the
The
power,
is
much
greater in
Mexico than
farther south
and
would not be
The
Simon
Bolivar.
^ Spain.
)licy in
r,
religious intolerance,
for
the
New
to
Roma
In M^.^aco,
it
41
Spanish yoke.
This
is
shown
in the relative
poution of
C^l^hpt^
%0
Church
is
in those countries.
In Mexico the
Roman
is to
fihuikch.
in undisputed supremacy,
them
me
ultimatum.
Amenca, though
that
With them
Patriarch.
the
Pope
is
but
little
but one
pre:
idea generally
Spanish,) there
was no
came
and
threy
to de-
backed by
Rome
It
Church in
its
modified form.
cient
influence to
make
We
have
;
want a strong
majority
are
positiori
offer that,
anti- slavery.
The
Southern
United
" marked her for their prey," which she will be for a time
and
is
premacy of slavery
for
a long time.
for
If it
a short period,
the
move would
"/
would be
The position
of colored Americans
must be a conserva-
United States
and
it
were
folly 'in
them
People wJio
weak governments
to embroil thei
to thei^ strength
coi^iition,
Whatever people go
to
-^.y
42
instittitioRS,
liftlbits
of
independent
the
arts,
must
for a
and
make them
and
at
idea of military
home.
The weakness,
make
We look in vain
in
In advocating
this,
check that a
fortifying of the
fight,
harmony of
away
honor; in fact,
is
no longer of utility.
recollection
in 'like coin
of innumerable wrongs,
the necessity of
all
:
payment
end
some men's
no
real
is jtttained after
now
and
progress.
Let us learn
at
even of
but
savages
is
We
for
can
the
get
sight
up
?
fight
any
honest
time,
who
the wiser
No
one,
men
would but
try to suppress
it;
this continent.
I
be the most
k
effeetive
roes*
'
43
is
situated
latitude, or
west longitude.
and between ninety and one hundred miles broad, and contains
about twenty-eight thousand square miles. Though remotely situated,
will,
said,
be the
island in im-
lat-
It
has a
fine climate,
the soil
is
But
it is
not as an agricul-
and
particularly the
men
of the east;"
should not be lost sight of by colored men,) and that over tho Pacific
will the trade with eastern nations be prosecuted.
Ic is
important
now
and
Isles,
and
The overland
route to
the Pacific terminating near that point, the great Atlantic tvade of
most practicable
consequently the"
and
Now,
there are
settled ther^
Cohtineht
now that
is
so
way
coiild
^
a check be given
on
free, soil.'
'S^^
kith
ahd
kin-
eitii*^-'c
its free
exere^,iti^e event
Wmmt^mmifi
w
-u
'^-
mf--
.^
',
;^
It
and
for that
The ^p
m^ ne
l
'**'
West
way.
Indies,
and Vancouver's
Island,) over
and
availability in every
annoy the
settler, or de:
towns and
the strong
or not
free
me mOst
^^he
The
free colored
rational
scheme of emigration,
would be
to
wrought.
What
by
were
is
a Great
Britain,
we would be overwhelmed,
}
we
persist
and
infinitely
more of
real manliness, in
cided
to the slave
V^l^er
^^
'W^lm^ pi
now
and
^0 United States
a com-
Alit^i ilding#thehtttd$Y
aiid^^^^^^^
.;i^^