Title of the Article

First Author First Authors Department and University or Other Affiliation First Authors email address [Note: Only the first authors e-mail address is used]

Second Author Second Authors Department and University or Other Affiliation [Note: Country names may be used if the authors are from different countries. USA is used for US authors.]

The abstract goes here and should be limited to a single paragraph. The abstract should be informative for a broad audience and provide a big picture overview of the article. Most abstracts are from 150 to no more than 200 words, and they can certainly be shorter. First or third person may be used. The sentences that follow provide an example of a useful abstract. Information systems development methods typically pay little attention to security aspects. While several alternative approaches for designing and managing secure information systems have been proposed, fully comprehensive modeling schemes for security are still lacking. No single method covers all modeling needs and existing approaches cannot be integrated easily into existing development methods. To fill this gap, we develop a framework that addresses the limitations of alternative secure information systems design approaches. We illustrate the normative value of the framework with an in-depth case analysis of three firms. Important directions for future research are also provided. Keywords: keywords here. [Note: All keywords should be lower case unless they are proper nouns. Separate keywords by semi-colons. Choose your own keywords for how you wish the article to be identified, though you may use ScholarOne keywords as suggestions.] [Department statements, if appropriate, will be added by the editors. Teaching cases and panel reports will have a statement, which is also added by the editors.] Note: this page has no footnotes.

Volume xx, Article x, pp. xx-xx, Month Year The manuscript was received mm/dd/yyyy and was with the authors x months for y revisions. [Note: this box is used only for peer-reviewed papers.]

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Title of the Article

I. INTRODUCTION
The level one heading is shown above. Note that it is preceded by a Roman numeral. Only the level one headings get any kind of number. The level one heading is Arial 12 point font, all caps, bolded, with 12 pt before and 3 pt after. Please do not insert an extra carriage return between the heading and the text, as the 3 pt after in the paragraph formatting takes care of spacing. You are reading normal text format in this paragraph. Please do not use body text format. The normal text format is in Arial 10 point font. This format shows single-spacing with a blank line between paragraphs for clarity, as is used when the paper is accepted and published.1 When you submit a manuscript for review, please use double spacing to make it easier on your editors and reviewers. If the paper is accepted, you would submit the final version for publication with single spacing. In the text, for final publication, when you refer to your paper, use the word article rather than paper. Do not include your own section breaks anywhere in the manuscript, as they wreak havoc with the template. Do not link references to figures, tables or other sections because formatting will probably change the pagination and create error messages. For references in the text, use the guide below. 1. Items included in the list of references should be referred to in text by author name and year within square brackets. a. Example: [Gray, 1997] 2. For two to five authors, show the names and year. Use and rather than &. For three to five authors, after the first citation, use the first authors last name and et al,. a. Example: [Gray and Ein-Dor, 1998] b. Example: First citation: [Gray, Ein-Dor and Jones, 1998] Subsequent citations: [Gray et al., 1998]. 3. For more than five authors, use the first authors name and et al. for both the first and subsequent citations. a. Example: [Gray et al., 1995] 4. If a given author published multiple papers in a given year, use a,b,c to differentiate among papers. a. Example: [Gray, 1992a]

II. ANOTHER LEVEL ONE HEADING

More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. Bold is not used other than for level one and level two headings; italics may be used for emphasis of words or statements.

Heading for Level Two

The level two heading is shown above. It is in 11 point Arial font, bolded, with 12 pt before and 3 pt after. Please do not insert another carriage return between the heading and the text, as the 3 pt after in the paragraph formatting takes care of spacing. Note that the level one heading is in all caps, while the level 2 heading is not. Also note that the level 2 heading is not numbered. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. Bulleted lists use the medium-size round bullets and numbered lists use 1., 2., Both are indented 18 pts, with a hanging indentation of 18 pt Spacing is 0 pt before and 6 pt after. Example 1 Example 2

Footnote text is tiny, only 8 point font. This style guide was updated by the Editor-in-Chief in 2012.

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Heading for Level Three The level three heading is shown above. It is in 10 point Arial font, not bolded, with 12 pt before and 3 pt after. Please do not insert another carriage return between the heading and the text, as the 3 pt after in the paragraph formatting takes care of spacing. There should never be a reason for a level four heading, so we do not provide one. However, hypotheses or questions may be used and are indented and in italics. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. More normal text would look like this. The caption for a figure is provided below the figure, in bold, and with the format as shown in the example below. The caption is Arial 10, bolded, with title capitalization. A period follows the figure number. Note that both the figure and its caption are centered. Sources, if applicable, should be in the caption in brackets and include author(s) and year. The title bars row height is 18 pts exactly, and the cells vertical alignment is centered. Top and bottom margins are zero. Side and top borders are pt. Arial is the preferred font for graphics in figures. Figures do not have to be full justified, and text can wrap around the figure.

Figure 1. Example of Format for Figures [Source] For tables, the caption is above the table, as shown in the example of Table 1. The caption is Arial 10, bolded and centered, with title capitalization. A colon follows the table number. Sources, if applicable, should be in the caption in brackets and include author(s) and year. The title bars row height is 14.4 pts exactly, and the cells vertical alignment is Top. Rows in the table are 11.5 pts. exactly, and the cells vertical alignment is Top. Top and bottom margins for all rows are zero. Figures do not have to be full justified, and text can wrap around the figure. Side, bottom and row borders are pt. Table data and text should be Arial 10. If you cannot fit the information in the table using 10 pt, you should revise the table layout. Table 1: Example of Format for Tables [Source] Mean TEL 1985 -1991 15.9 2001 17.7 CALL 1985 -1991 .1 2001 .1 URBAN 1985 64.8 1991 67.1 2001 69.9 TEL = Average monthly telephone subscription cost CALL = Average cost of local call URBAN = Size of urban population, as a percentage of total population

St.dev -14.0 11.5 -.1 .3 20.3 19.6 18.7

Please note: CAIS does not publish tables in landscape orientation. There will be no exceptions. If your article has tables in landscape, the first thing you need to ask yourself is whether they are needed in the first place. If they are needed, then you will have to reorient them to portrait. Tables should not exceed one page. Also note that we do not publish entire paragraphs in bold, like this one. We are only trying to call your attention to the rule on table orientation. If you use graphics from another source, you must have written permission from that source. Indicate Used with permission in the title in such a case and inform us that you have obtained permission from the appropriate source.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
If there are any acknowledgments, this is where they would go. Neither Acknowledgments nor References have a Roman numeral. Once you finish the body of your paper, you are done with numbering the level one headings. In all
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other respects (font size, font color, bolding, spacing before and after), the headings for Acknowledgments and References are level one headings.

REFERENCES
This section is based on the original CAIS style sheet written by Dr. Paul Gray, founding Editor-in-Chief of this journal. The rules he established for references are still in effect. If your article includes URLs, insert this notice at the beginning of the reference list: Editors Note: The following reference list contains hyperlinks to World Wide Web pages. Readers who have the ability to access the Web directly from their word processor or are reading the article on the Web can gain direct access to these linked references. Readers are warned, however, that: 1. These links existed as of the date of publication but are not guaranteed to be working thereafter. 2. The contents of Web pages may change over time. Where version information is provided in the References, different versions may not contain the information or the conclusions referenced. 3. The author(s) of the Web pages, not AIS, is (are) responsible for the accuracy of their content. 4. The author(s) of this article, not AIS, is (are) responsible for the accuracy of the URL and version information.

Full References
Full references are single spaced, with lines after the first one indented by 5 spaces. To achieve this indented format, use the Paragraph format in Word. Select Special: Hanging, 27 pt. The spacing is 0 pt before and 6 pt after. This formatting is used for all references. If DOI numbers are used, the format is doi:xxxxxxxxxxx, using the entire doi number. They should be hyperlinked by using http://dx.doi.org/xxxxxxxxxxx in the hyperlink set up. The references use the reference style below. Title capitalization, and not sentence capitalization, is used for titles and publication names. We do not use et al. in the reference list, and all authors should be included. We do not use dashes for names of authors in successive citations. Repeat the authors name. If a given author published multiple papers in a given year, use a,b,c to differentiate among papers. Example: Gray, P. (1992a). Please turn off EndNotes or eliminate the feature from the submitted article. It creates problems for editing and makes reviewing editing difficult. Book Author(s) (date) Title in Italics, edition in italics (if appropriate), Place of Publication: Publisher, pages (if appropriate). Example: McNurlin, B.C. and R.H. Sprague (1998) Information Systems Management in Practice, 6th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp. 133-170. Note that Place of Publication is the city, state (use postal code) for US publishers and city, country for others. Journal or Magazine Article Author(s) (date) Title, Journal Name in Italics, (Volume) Issue, pages. Examples: Lee, O. and P. Gray (1998) Knowledge Base Clustering in KBS Maintenance, Journal of Software Maintenance, (10)2, pp. 395-414. Sambamurthy, V. and W.W. Chin (1994) "The Effects of Group Attitudes toward Alternative GDSS Designs on the Decision-making Performance of Computer-Supported Groups", Decision Science, (25)2, pp. 215-239. Note: the comma goes outside the quote marks of an article title. Communications of the Association for Information Systems Articles Our articles follow the same format as that listed above except for the issue. We do not use issue numbers but do use article numbers, so the citation should have (volume) Article #, pp. xxx-xxx. In all cases, when you cite CAIS,

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use the full title as in the heading above this paragraph (and not Communications of the AIS). Following this convention promotes consistency and better results in searches and indexing. Edited Book Editors(s) (ed.) (date) Title in Italics, Publication: Publisher, pages (if appropriate). Example: Coleman, D. and R. Kanna (eds.) (1995) Groupware Technology and Applications, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR. Article in Edited Book Authors(s) (date) Title of Article in Editor name (ed.) Title in Italics, Place of Publication: Publisher, pages. Example: Nunamaker, J.F., R.O. Briggs, D.D. Mittleman (1995) Electronic Meeting Systems: Ten Years of Lessons Learned in Coleman, D. and R. Kanna (eds.) Groupware Technology and Applications, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, pp. 146-193. Note that Place of Publication is the city, state (use postal code) for US publishers and city, country for others. Newspaper or Magazine Article Author(s) (year) Title of Article, Name of Newspaper or Magazine in Italics, date, pages. Example: Brown, J. (1997) "Who, When, Why", The New York Times, April 15, p. B3. If the article has no author, use Title of Article (year) Name of Newspaper or Magazine in Italics, date, pages. Example: "Who, When, Why" (1997) The New York Times, April 15, p. B3. Electronic Publications Author(s) name(s) and title as for journal articles, followed by the URL and date of referenced version. Example: Burka, L.P. (1995) "A Hypertext History of Multiuser Dimensions", http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/home/lpb/mud-history.html (current June 27, 2012). Personal Communication Name of Source (date) Personal Communication. Speeches Last name, Initials. (year, Month date) Title in Quotes and Capitalized, speech presented at Name of Conference or Series Title] City, State (postal code) (or country). Presentations at Professional Meetings Last name, Initials. (year, Month date) Title in Quotes and Capitalized, presentation at Name of Professional Meeting or Series Title, City, State (postal code) (or country). MUD History,

APPENDIX A: TITLE OF THE APPENDIX

After the references come appendices, if necessary. Each appendix should be named as Appendix A [B, C, etc.], followed by a colon and the title of the appendix. Use the format for a level one heading (with no Roman numeral). Do not separate appendices with section or page breaks. If needed (and we expect this to be a rare case), you may include a list of acronyms and their meaning as an appendix. Tables and figures in an appendix should follow the same format as tables and figures in the text and should have the title black bar. The tables and figures should use the appendix letter and be numbered consecutively within the appendix; that is, Table A-1: Title or Figure A-1. Tables in the appendix are not limited to one page; continuations of tables should repeat the title format and add the following: [space][en dash][space]Continued.

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

First Name Last Name. After the references and the appendices, if there are any, come short biographical sketches of each author. The bios should be in normal text format, with a separate bio for each author. Put the authors name in bold at the start of the bio. Do not include titles such as Dr. or Professor. Italicize all journal titles in the bio. If referencing the Communications of the Association for Information Systems, spell out the entire name of the journal, just as in this sentence, rather than using the acronym for AIS. The maximum length of each bio is approximately 150 words. Email addresses are not included in the author bios. This section concludes the template for submitting papers. We now provide a supplement with writing style guidelines for the journal.

APPENDIX A: WRITING STYLE GUIDELINES

Communications of the Association for Information Systems uses the following guidelines to help create articles that are easy to read and understand. These guidelines were originally developed by Dr. Paul Gray, founding Editor-inChief. We continue to update the guidelines to provide help to authors in areas where we notice common errors or problems.

Words to Avoid
Strive to avoid words that contain little meaning or are hyperbolic, imprecise, or colloquial. Table A-1 shows examples. Table A1: Example of Words to Avoid Alternative Use large, significant, major State the actual number Use shows Use use Modify as needed for context Provide the date if relevant and appropriate; otherwise just delete recent Modify as needed for context

Word Dramatic Gigantic Reveals, revealed Utilize Exponential Recent, Recently Effectively and efficiently (used together) According to

Why to Avoid Hyperbolic Hyperbolic

Reveals is hyperbole that comes out of the press or mystery novels Overly complex Meaningless, since the exponent is not defined CAIS is a journal of record and when the article is read several years from now, the information is no longer recent Unfortunately, few examples exist where both effectively and efficiently are true simultaneously; they usually involve some tradeoff A form of journalistic writing that focuses on the author being cited rather than the idea; replace with reference style so that the focus remains on the idea We already know that 2010 is a year, so its enough to just state the year

Instead of According to Jones [2002], the original mouse was round, write: The original mouse was round [Jones 2002] Instead of The number of users increased in the year 2010, write: The number of users increased in 2010

In the year 2010

Players Arena

Colloquial Colloquial when used as a way of specifying a field, e.g., the investment arena

Modify as needed for context Use field

Passive Voice
Use active rather than passive voice whenever possible. In active voice, the subject that does the action appears first, whereas in passive voice the result of the action appears first. For example, Replace: Traces of spyware were found by the software. With: The software found traces of spyware.
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Replace: With:

The new ERP system was installed successfully. Developers successfully installed the new ERP system.

Has, Had, Have

In English, the perfect tenses (past, present, and future) require has, had, or have. Although authors use the perfect tenses widely, the result is dull, academic-sounding prose that often puts readers to sleep. Authors often combine the perfect tense with passive voice to create even duller text. Therefore, avoid constructions involving has, have, or had unless absolutely necessary. For example: Replace: The business philosophy itself has changed. With: The business philosophy itself changed. Replace: With: Availability of video on the Internet has resulted in increased offerings of online courses. Online course offerings increased because video became available.

This, These
When used without an antecedent, the words this and these are often difficult to understand. Include the noun to which the demonstrative adjective (this or these) refers. For example: Replace: This results in . With: This phenomenon results in

A, B, and C Rather Than A, B and C

When listing more than two items in text, put a comma before the and. For example: Replace: The colors were red, white and blue. With: The colors were red, white, and blue.

There Is, There Are

Avoid starting sentences with there is or there are. For example: Replace: There is no empirical evidence concerning what practitioners actually do. With: No empirical evidence shows what practitioners actually do.

Sentence Structure
Split Infinitives The standards for split infinities have evolved. However, we ask that you avoid split infinitives where possible. For example: Replace: to critically examine the merits With: to examine the merits critically. Long Sentences Avoid overly long sentences. Such sentences become convoluted and are difficult to read. Run-On Sentences Avoid run-on sentences, which are two separate sentences expressed as one by the use of and. For example: Replace: This document follows the CAIS Publication Style and can be downloaded from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/. With: This document follows the CAIS Publication Style. It can be downloaded from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/.

British Spelling And Usage

As an international journal, CAIS follows English usage and punctuation in the authors country. Thus, whilst, bespoke, and similar words are perfectly acceptable, as are spellings such as harbour.

American Spelling And Usage

The Chicago Manual of Style (currently 16th edition) is the reference for questions of American English usage.

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