Joanne Torres Jonelle Marcos

MEMORY

What is Memory?
The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information The totality of past experience that can be remembered

Why do you need memory?

Where is your memory?

Where is your memory?

The Theory of Equipotentiality
Karl Lashleys concept that memory is not stored in just one particular part of the brain

Hippocampus

Kinds of Memories
Explicit Implicit Episodic Semantic Working Remote

Memory
Processes of Memory Stages of Memory
Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

Encoding Storage Retrieval

Sensory Memory
Kinds of Sensory Memory Functions of Sensory Memory

Iconic
Representations of visual stimuli

Echoic
Representations of auditory stimuli

Limits the input of thousands of stimuli Decision Time Stability playback and recognition

Short Term Memory

Usually lasts from 2-30 seconds Often called Working memory
Features of STM Limited Duration Limited Capacity Chunking Functions of STM Attention Rehearsal Storage in Long Term Memory

Long Term Memory

Declarative or Explicit Procedural or Implicit

Semantic Consists of factual knowledge about the world Episodic Related to a persons past experiences

Memories for performing motor or perceptual tasks

Eidetic Memory
Refers to visual memory/photographic memory Ability to retain information after seeing it once

FORGETTING

What is forgetting?
The inability to retrieve, recall, or even recognize information

Is Forgetting Bad?
Forgetting prevents information overload in your brain Helps you store more important data Releases the burden of the past Forgetting helps you remember

 The advantage of a bad memory is that one enjoys several times the same good things for the first time. Friedrich Nietzsche You will find that it is necessary to let things go; simply for the reason that they are heavy. So let them go, let go of them. I tie no weights to my ankles. C. JoyBell C.

 Without forgetting it is quite impossible to live at all. Friedrich Nietzsche To be able to forget means sanity. Jack London, The Star Rover Not the power to remember, but its very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence. Sholem Asch

Why do you Forget?

Theories of Forgetting
Encoding Failure Decay Law of Disuse Repression Interference Retrieval Failure

Theories of Forgetting
Encoding Failure
Memory was never stored in the first place

Decay
Information gets weaker and weaker over time until it disappears

Law of Disuse
Unused memory makes it hard to retrieve

Theories Of Forgetting
Repression or Motivated Forgetting
The person automatically hides emotionally threatening information in the unconscious
Suppression- consciously putting something out of ones mind

Interference
The retrieval of memory is blocked or prevented by other related memories
Proactive & Retroactive Interference

Theories of Forgetting
2 Kinds of Interference
Proactive Interference
Process by which previously learned materials interfere with the ability to learn another

Retroactive Interference
Process by which recently learned information interferes with the retrieval of older ones

Amnesia
Somatogenic Amnesia Retrograde Amnesia Anteretrograde Amnesia Psychogenic Amnesia Flashbulb memories

How can you NOT forget?

Knowledge of Result Recitation Overlearning Selection Spaced Practice Organization Whole vs. Part Serial Position Sleep Review Cues Drug and Consolidation Mnemonics Method of Loci Peg Method

References:
Arenas, A. C. (1998). Introduction to Psychology: Understanding Human Behavior. Angeles City: Angeles University Press. Beltran, J. Q. (1996). General Psychology. Manila: Rex Bookstore Kendra, C. Forgetting: When Memory Fails.http://psychology. about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/p/forgetting.htm. (20 Dec. 2012) McLeod, S. Forgetting. Simply Psychology. 2008. http://www.simplypsychology.org/forgetting.html. (20 Dec. 2012) Trei, L. Forgetting Helps You Remember Important Stuffs, Researchers Say. 6 June 2007. http://news.stanford.edu/news /2007/june6/memory-060607.html. (20 Dec. 2012)

Thank You!!