SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AIM: To determine the overall heat transfer co-efficient of the given shell

l and tube heat exchanger. To determine the effectiveness of the given heat exchanger. INTRODUCTION: Heat exchanger is process equipment designed for the effective heat transfer energy between two fluids, hot and cold fluids. Heat exchanger are classified into varying application .One of the fluid is carried through a bundle of tubes enclosed by a shell and flows over the outside surface of the tubes .The direction of flow for either or both fluid may change during its passages through the heat exchanger .Shell and tube arrangement is used where heat transfer effectiveness of important with multi tubes .The surface area is increased and to improve heat transfer rate. FACTOR INFLUENCING: Hot and cold fluid temperature Number of tubes of passes Direction of passes Flow rates Properties of fluids Material thickness FORMULA: [(Thi-Tci)-(Th0-Tc0)] LMTD = --------------------------[ln[(Thi-Tci) (Th0-Tc0)]] Where, Thi initial temperature of hot fluid ( C ) Tci final temperature of cold fluid ( C ) Th0initial temperature of hot fluid ( C ) Tc0 final temperature of cold fluid ( C ) Heat Capacity: Qh = mh Cph(Thi-Th0) Qc = mc Cpc (Tc0-Tci) Qact= (Qh+Qc) / 2 Where, mh mass flow rate of hot water ( kg / s ) mc Mass flow rate of cold fluid ( kg / s ) cph,cpc s specific heat capacity of hot and cold fluid (kJ / kg K ) Overall heat transfer co-efficient: U = Qact / (A Tm) Qact Actual heat transfer rate A heat transfer rate

EFFFECTIVENESS: Qact E = ----------------------C min (Thi Tci) Where,

cmin = mh cph or mc cpc

PROCEDURE: Water was allowed to pass through the heater. The power supply was switched ON and arranging between 210 to 240 volts provided heat to water which acts as a hot water inlet. Flow rate of heat water and cold water are adjusted so that they both are same and measured using flash Water was circulated until steady state was reached and the inlet and outlet temperature was noted. Experiment was repeated for various flow rates. APPLICATION: Used in direct on open heat exchanger using on open heat exchanger regenerator using Recupurators,Boilers,Superheater,Condenser of power plant,Chemical processing Industeries,Automobile Radiator etc.. Used for the Direction of motion, Parallel flow, counter flow, Cross flow and Mechanical flow.

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER HOT WATER TEMPERATUE (C) Thi Th0 COLD WATER TEMPERATURE (C) Tci Tco TIME TAKEN

S.N0

Hot water(ml)

Coldwater(ml)

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

RESULTS: For a given shell and tube type of heat exchanger

The overall heat transfer coefficient

U=

Effectiveness of shell and tube heat exchanger

E=