Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND THEORY

Viscosity of oil significantly affects the load carrying capacity of the
bearings. Viscosity of oil decreases exponentially with an increase in
temperature as a result, the load carrying capacity decreases as viscosity
decreases. Several equations have been used to describe the viscosity
temperature relation.
Thermohydrodynamic analysis of a bearing refers to a realistic solution of
Reynolds equation in which viscosity field is predicted based on the
computation of temperature field obtained from energy equation. Predictions of
the bearing performance parameters based on thermohydrodynamic analysis
requires simultaneous solution of the Reynold's equation (pressure field)
coupled with the energy equation (temperature field) and the heat conduction
equation (temperature field through the solids) through the equation related to
the viscosity and temperature. In this chapter the main governing equations with
appropriate boundary conditions required to solve the problem have been
developed.

The global coordinates system that is used in the oil film is the fixed
Cartesian coordinates system (x,y,z).The original point is the contact point of
the journal bearing line centers with the inner ring of the bearing bush, the (y)
13
Coordinate system .3 1
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
coordinate matches the line centers, the (x) coordinate is in the rotation
direction, and the (z) coordinate is perpendicular to the (x,y) plane as shown in
figure (3-1). The non-dimensional coordinates ( z y x , , ) are used to solve the
governing equations. The (
r ,
) coordinates are used to describe the temperature
through the solid bodies (shaft and bearing bush).
Where:

R
x
x
: coordinate in circumferential direction

h
y
y
: coordinate in the oil film thickness direction

L
z
z
: coordinate in axial direction

bin
b
r
r
: radial coordinate in radial direction for the bearing
r

R
r
s
: radial coordinate in radial direction for the shaft


The fluid film forces are obtained by solving the basic lubrication
equation for pressure distribution which so called Reynold's equation. Reynold's
equation with variable viscosity is derived as shown in Appendix (A).
The dimensionless form of this equation with variable viscosity reported
by[12] as:

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

_ _
_
_
_
3
_
_
2
_
_
_
3
_
h G
x
z
P
h F
z
L
R
x
P
h F
x
..(3.1)
Where:
14
Reynold's equation 3.2
Heat conduction equation
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

,
_

1
0
_
_
1
0
_
1
0 0
1
0
1
0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
1 1
_
y d
y d y d z d
y
y d y d
y
F
y

..(3.2)

,
_

1
0
_
_
1
0
_
0
_
_
1
1
_
y d
y d y d
G
y

...(3.3)
in
L
z
z
h
y
y
R
x
x
c
h
h

_ _ _ _ _

The oil film thickness can be evaluated as described by [21] as:
h
c
h
=1+

x cos
...(3.4)
The dimensionless form of the oil-film velocity components ( w v u , , ) in (
z y x , , ) directions were described by [12] as:

+ +

1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0 0
2
1
1
)
1
1
(
y d
y d
y d
y
y d
y d y d
y
h
x
p
u
y
y
y

...(3.5)
)
1
1
)( (
0
1
0
1
0 0
2

y
y
y d
y d y d
y
y d
y
L
R
h
z
p
w

(3.6)
y d
y
u
x
h
h
y
z
w
L
R
x
u
h v
y

0
} ) ( {
(3.7)
Where:

U
u
u

U
w
w

) (
c
R
U
v
v
(3.8)
15
Heat conduction equation
3.5
3.6
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

The following assumptions are made in deriving the energy equation:-
1- The lubricant density and thermal conductivity remain constant.
2- Heat conduction for the lubricant in the direction of sliding motion of the
bearing surface is neglected since it is small compared with the heat
convection in the same direction [11].
3- The axial variation in temperature can be ignored as being small [7,9,and 11].
The above assumptions lead to the energy equation such that given by
[12,and 20].
The dimensionless form of the energy equation is given as:-

1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

2
_
_
2
_
_
3
_
2
_
_
2
_
2
2
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
_
1
1
y
w
y
u
h y
t
h
y
t
x
h
h
y
u
h
v
x
t
u

...(3.9)
Where:
oil
o
k
R UC

1 (3.10)
2
2
) (
c
R

(3.11)
in oil
i
t k
U
c
R
2
2
3
) (


(3.12)
The dimensionless oil temperature is:
in
t
t
t
(3.13)
A full derivation for the energy equation can be found in appendix B.
The temperature distribution through the soled boundaries (journal and
bearing) can be evaluated by solving the heat conduction equation. The steady
state heat conduction equation with no heat source can be written as[6]:-
16
Heat conduction equation
3.4
3.5
3.6
Energy equation 3.3
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
0
1 1
2
_
2
_
2
_
_
_ _
2
_
2

t
r
r
t
r
r
t
(3.14)
The viscosity of the lubricant was assumed to be variable across the film
and a round the circumference. The relationship between the viscosity and the
temperature is given by the following equation as described by [5]:

2
_
2
_
1
_
t k t k k
o
+
...(3.15)
where:
2 1
, , k k k
o the lubricant viscosity coefficients.
The attitude angle (

) can be written by the relation as described by [22]:

) ( tan
1
r
t
w
w

...(3.16)
Where
r w and
t w are the components of dimensionless load in the direction of
line of centers of the journal and the normal to the line which can be evaluated
as:

z d x d x p wr

1
0
2
0
cos

...(3.17)

z d x d x p wt

1
0
2
0
sin

...(3.18)
17
Equation of state 3.5
Attitude angle 3.6
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

The following boundary conditions have been used with the above
governing equation to achieve the thermohydrodynamic analysis of the bearing.
The boundary conditions which were used with the Reynolds equation can be
expressed as described by [12] as:-
At the oil supply groove 2 x
s
p p
(3.19)
At the journal bearing edges 0 z and 1 z
0 . 0
atm
p p
...(3.20)
At the cavitation zone
0 . 0

x
p
0 . 0 p (3.21)
The temperature distribution through the oil film can be determined by solving
the energy equation subjected to the following boundary conditions :
1- The temperature across the oil film in the grove zone ( mix
t
) is assumed to
be constant and can be estimated as described by [12, and 19] as follows:
in rec
in in r rec
mix
Q Q
t Q t Q
t
+
+

...(3.22)
2- The heat flux continuity on the surface between the bush and the oil film
is assumed to be valid at the bearing oil film interface which yields to the
followed as described by [5,and 12]:-
0
_
_
1
_
_
1

y
bin
b
oil
r
y
t
h c
r
k
k
r
t
...(3.23)
where :

bin
b
r
r
r

3- For the shaft oil film interface, the temperature is given by the heat flux
continuity assuming that the shaft temperature is independent on
circumferential direction as described by [5, and 9] this gives:
18
Boundary conditions 3.7
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

_
1
_
2
0
1
_
_
1
2
1
_
x d
y
t
h c
R
k
k
r
t
y
s
o
r

...(3.24)
where :

R
r
r
s

4- The temperature distribution through the stationary solid is determined by
solving the Laplace heat conduction equation subjected to the following boundary
condition which was referred to the loses heat by free convection[9]:

,
_

a bo
bin
b
conv
bout r r
t t r
k
h
r
t
_ _
_
_
_
...(3.25)
The dimensionless governing equations are discretized and solved by
using the finite difference method to get the pressure and the temperature
distribution in the oil film and the bearing body. A suitable numerical method
was used to solve the differential equations. The successive under relaxation
method was used, in this method the rate of convergence of the iteration can be
accelerated. A computer program written in a suitable scientific language
(Fortran 90).
The solution of system of partial differential equations can be greatly
simplified by a well constructed grid. The dimensionless oil film pressure
distribution ( p ) can be obtained by solving equation (3.1). The equation is
19
Numerical analysis 3.8
Mesh generation 3.8.1
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
discretized yielding the mesh size of (n) in circumferential direction, (jj)
across the oil film thickness and (kk) along the length of the bearing. For
bearing bush and the shaft, the mesh size of (ss) in radial direction, has
been used. In the present analysis (360) divisions in the circumferential
direction, (6) divisions across the oil film thickness, (20) divisions in the
axial direction, and (8) divisions in the radial direction have been adopted,
and as are shown in figures (3-2) and (3-3).
The mesh size in circumferential direction can be defined as:

n
R
x
2

(3.26)
which can be normalized as:-

R
x
x


(3.27)
Through the oil film thickness the oil film can be divided to slices of
thickness
y
as follows:-

jj
h
y
(3.28)
which can be normalized as:-

h
y
y


(3.29)
The bearing can be divided in axial direction to kk steps of width z as
follows:-

kk
L
z
(3.30)
Which can be normalized as:-

L
z
z


(3.31)
The bearing bush can be divided radially to many layers, each layer of
thickness r as follows:-

( )
ss
r r
r
bin bout


(3.32)
it can be normalized as:-
20
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

bin
r
r
r


(3.33)
while the mesh size on the bearing shaft in radial direction can be evaluated
as

R
r
r

(3.34)
The mesh size in circumferential direction in the bush can be defined as:


ss

2

(3.35)

Reynold's equation is made discrete at the spaced grid points in the
coordinates ( x , y ,
z
) to make it suitable for the finite difference method in order
to gate the pressure distribution (
_
P
) through the oil film. Discretized equation
discretized yielding the mesh size of (n) in circumferential direction, (jj) across
the oil film thickness (kk) across the width of the bearing. Hence the discrete
from the Reynold's equation can be written as:-
x
h
G
x
G
h
z
p
h F
L
R
x
p
h F
x
F
h
x
h
F h
x
p

,
_

,
_

2
2
3
2
2
2
3 3 2
3

(3.36)
x
h
G
x
G
h
z
p
h F
L
R
x
p
h F
x
F
x
p
h
x
h
x
p
F h

,
_

2
2
3
2
2
2
3 3 2
3

(3.37)
For any point in the oil film mesh (i,j,k) :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) x
h h
G
x
G G
h
z
p p p
F h
L
R
x
p p p
h F
x
F F
x
p p
h
x
h h
x
P P
F h
k i k i
j i
j i j i
k i
k i k i k i
k i k i
k i k i k i
k i k i
k i k i k i k i
k i
k i k i k i k i
k i k i

,
_

+
+

+ +
+ +
+ + + +
) ( ) (
) 2 ( ) 2 (
) (
) (
) ( ) (
3
, , 1
,
, , 1
,
2
1 , , 1 ,
,
3
,
2
2
, 1 , , 1
3
, ,
, , 1 , , 1
3
,
, , 1 , , 1
,
2
,
(3.38)
The equation can be written as :
21
Reynold's Equation
3.8.2
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
, , 1 ,
2
, , 1
,
2
,
3
,
2
,
2 3
, ,
,
2
, , 1
,
3
,
2
, , 1 ,
2
,
,
2
1 , 1 ,
,
3
,
2
2
, 1
3
, ,
2
, 1
3
, ,
2
, , 1
, 1
3
,
2
, , 1
, 1
,
2
,
2 2
3
3
z x h h G z x G G
h x F h
L
R
p z h F p z F F p h
z h h F h p x p p F h
L
R
z p h F
z p h F z F F p h z h h p F h
k i k i j i j i j i
k i j i k i
k i
k i j i
k i
j i j i
k i
k i
k i k i j i k i
k i k i k i
j i k i
k i
k i j i
k i
k i j i j i j i
k i
k i k i k i
k i
j i k i
+
+

,
_

+ +
+ +

,
_

+
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

(3.39)
which can be rearranged and rewritten as follows:
+ + + + +
+
} ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 3 { [
2
3
, , , , 1
2
3
, , , 1
2
,
2
,
, 1 ,
z h F F F z h h h z F h p p k i j i j i j i k i k i k i j i k i
k i k i

+ +
+
2
,
3
,
2
1 ,
2
,
3
,
2
1 ,
2
3
, ,
, 1
) ( ) {( } ) ( ) {( } ) ( { x F h
L
R
p x F h
L
R
p z h F p j i k i
k i
j i k i
k i
k i j i
k i
) ( 3 /[ ] ) ( } ) {( ) ( , , 1 ,
2
,
2
, , 1 , , , 1
2
, k i k i j i k i k i j i k i k i k i j i h h F h z x h G h h h x z G + + +

2
,
3
,
2 2
3
, ,
2
, , 1
3
,
2
) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) )( ( ) ( x F h
L
R
z h F z F F h z j i k i k i j i j i j i k i + + + +
(3.40)
The above equation can be simplified to get :
+ + + + +
+
} ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 3 ) ( 3 { [
2
,
3
,
2
3
, , 1
2
,
3
,
2
,
3
, , 1
2
,
2
,
, 1 ,
z F h z h F z F h z F h h z F h p p j i k i k i j i j i k i j i k i k i j i k i
k i k i

+ + +
+
} ) ( ) {( } ) ( ) {( } ) ( {
2
,
3
,
2
1 ,
2
,
3
,
2
1 ,
2
3
, ,
, 1
x F h
L
R
p x F h
L
R
p z h F p j i k i
k i
j i k i
k i
k i j i
k i

+ + +
2
,
3
,
2
,
3
,
2
, , 1 , 1 ,
2
, ) ( ) ( 3 /[ }] ) )( ( { )} 2 )( ( ) {( z F h z F h z x h G h h x z G j i k i j i k i k i j i k i k i j i
] ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 3 ) ( 2
2
,
3
,
2 2
, 1
3
,
2
, , 1
3
,
2
,
3
, x F h
L
R
z F h z F h h z F h j i k i j i k i j i k i k i j i k i + + + + + ..(3.41)
Which can be rearranged as:-
) 3 3 ( ) ( 1 , 1 , , , , ,
2
2
,
, 1
j i k i j i k i k i j i k i
k i
F h F h h F z h p A +
+
+ (3.42)
2
,
3
,
, 1
) ( 2 z F h p A j i k i
k i


(3.43)
22
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
2 2
,
3
,
1 ,
) ( ) ( 3 x
L
R
F h p A j i k i
k i

+
(3.44)
2 2
,
3
,
1 ,
) ( ) ( 4 x
L
R
F h p A j i k i
k i


(3.45)
) ( ) )( ( 5 1
2
, i i j i h h z x G A + (3.46)
) ( ) )( ( 6 , , 1
2
, j i j i k i G G z x h A + (3.47)
) ( ) ( 3 11 , , 1
2
,
2
, k i k i j i k i h h z F h A +
(3.48)
2
,
3
, ) ( 2 22 z F h A j i k i (3.49)
2 2
,
3
, ) ( ) ( 2 33 x
L
R
F h A j i k i
(3.50)
) ( ) ( 44 , , 1
2
3
. k i j i k i F F z h A +
(3.51)
Then the last form of the equation as:-
44 33 22 11
6 5 4 3 2 1
,
A A A A
A A A A A A
p
k i
+ + +
+ + + + +

(3.52)

The above equation gives the dimensionless oil film pressure in the
circumference and axial directions

Energy equation is made discrete in the ( y x, ) plane to get the dimensionless oil
film temperature along the circumferential and across the oil film as follows:-
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

+ +

2
_
1 ,
_
,
_
2
_
1 ,
_
,
_
2
,
_
,
_
2
_
1 ,
_
,
_
1 ,
_
2
,
_
_
1 ,
_
,
_
_
, 1
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
) , (
) , (
1
_
, 1
_
,
_
,
_
1
2 1
y
w w
y
u u
h
y
t t t
h
y
t t
x
h h
h
y
u
h
v
x
t t
u
j i j i j i j i
k i
j i j i j i j i
k i
j i j i
k i k i
k i
j i
j i
k i
j i j i j i
j i

(3.53)
..
23
The energy equation 3.8.3
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
The above equation can be simplified by multiplying both sides by
2 2
h y x
to get:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
,
_

,
_

+
+
2
) 1 , (
_
) , (
_
2
) 1 , (
_
) , (
_ _
3 ,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_ _
2
1 ,
_
,
_
,
_
, 1
_
,
_
,
_
) , (
_
,
_
1
,
_
2
, 1
_
,
_
2
_
,
1
2
* *
j i j i j i j i
j i
j i j i j i j i j i
k i k i
j i
j i j i k i k i j i j i j i
w w u u x t t t x t t
h h y u x v y h h t t y u



(3.54)
which can be rearranged and rewritten as follows:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
,
_

,
_

+
,
_

2
1 ,
_
,
_
2
1 ,
_
,
_ _
3 ,
_ _
2 1 ,
_
2 1 ,
, 1
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
) , (
_
,
_
1 1 ,
,
_
2
2
_
,
_
1
) , 1 (
_
_
2
, 1
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
) , (
_
,
_
1
,
_
2
2
_
,
_
1
) , (
_
) (
2 ) (
j i j i j i j i
j i j i j i
k i k i
j i
j i j i k i
j i
k i k i j i
k i k i
j i
j i j i k i k i j i j i
w w u u x x t x t
h h y u x v y h t h y h t
x h h y u x v y h h y u t




(3.55)
The dimensionless oil film temperature can be estimated as :
22 12 11
33 22
) 1 , (
22 12
) 1 , (
11
) , 1 (
) , (
) (


+ +
+ + + +

+ j i j i j i
j i
t t t
t
...(3.56)
Where :
2
, ) , (
1 11
) ( k i j i h y u (3.57)
)} ( ){ ( , 1 ,
,
_
,
_
, ,
_
1 12
k i k i
j i
j i j i k i h h y u x v y h
(3.58)
x
2 22
(3.59)
} ) ( ) ( {
2
, , 1
2
, , 1
3 , 33
j i j i j i j i
j i
w w u u x + + +
(3.60)

24
Heat-conduction equation 3.8.4
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
For the bearing bush the heat-conduction equation form is :
0
1 1
2
_
2
_
2
_
_
_ _
2
_
2

b b b
t
r
r
t
r
r
t
(3.61)
Where :
in
b
b
t
t
t

b
t
=Bearing bush temperature
in
t
=oil inlet temperature
bin
b
r
r
r

b
r
=Bearing bush radius
bin
r
=Bearing bush inner radius
The heat-conduction equation is made discrete at the ) , ( r coordinate to get
the dimensionless bush temperature as below :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0
2 1 1 2
2
, 1
_
,
_
, 1
_
2
) (
_
,
_
1 ,
_
_
) (
2
_
1 ,
_
,
_
1 ,
_

+
+

,
_

,
_

+ + + +

j i b j i b j i b
j
j i b j i b
j
j i b j i b j i b t t t
r
r
t t
r
r
t t t
(3.62)
The above equation can be simplified to get :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
,
_

+ +

,
_

,
_

+ + +
2
_
) (
_
2
2
) (
2
,
_
2
_
, 1
_
2
_
, 1
_
2
) (
2
1 ,
_ _ _
) (
2
) (
2
1 ,
_
2 2 r r r r t
r t r t r t r r r t
j j j i b
j i b j i b j j i b
j
j j i b


(3.63)
which can be rearranged and rewritten as follows:-
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
2
2 2
) (
2
2
) , 1 (
2
_
, 1
_
2
) (
2
1 ,
_
) (
2
) (
2
) 1 , (
) , (
_
2 2 j j
j i b j i b j j i b j j j i b
j i b
r r r r
r t r t r t r r r t
t
+ +
+
,
_

+ +
,
_

,
_

+ +



..(3.64)
The above equation gives the dimensionless bush temperature in the
circumference and radial directions .
25
Solution procedure 3.8.5
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
The temperature and pressure distribution in the oil film and solid parts
at the mid-plane of the journal bearing are obtained as follows:
1-An initial value of the attitude angle (

) is restricted as a first step in the

solution procedure, which can be estimated depending on the classical
isothermal theory as[22]:

) 1 (
4
tan
2
1

...(3.65)
2-The temperature of oil film, the bearing bush and the shaft grid points are
assumed.
3-The dimensionless value of the oil viscosity for all the points are computed by
using the equation (3.15), after the estimation of the constants value ( 2 1
, , k k k
o )
for the used oil.
4-The dimensionless oil film thickness ) (h of the mid-plane of the journal is
calculated from equation (3.4).
5-Then the values of ( G F, ) are obtained by using the numerical
integration( trapezoidal method) to solve equations (3.2) and (3.3 ).
6-The initial value of oil pressure for all the grid points are assumed to have
zero value except at the inlet zone when the value is assumed the inlet pressure
value.
7-An iterative scheme with successive under relaxation method is employed to
solve equation (3.52) with the boundary conditions (3.19),(3.20) and (3.21) to obtain
the dimensionless pressures of the oil film grid points which they are set at zero
value for the negative pressures during the computation of the equation. The
iterations are stopped when the converging criteria for the pressure equation,
which can be calculated from the bellow equation, reach to (
4
10

).
4
,
,
1
,
10

<

n
k i
k i
n n
k i
p
p p
p
(3.66)
26
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
8-After equations (3.17,3.18) have been solved by using numerical integration
technique, a new value of the attitude angle is computed from equation (3.16)
and compared with an old one, the solution procedure is repeated by using the
new value of the attitude angle until the difference between the angles of the last
two steps are reached less than one degree.
9-The dimensionless values of the fluid velocities ( w v u , , ) are calculated
according to equations (3.5),(3.6), and (3.7).
10-The values of the recirculation flow rate (
rec
Q
) and leakage flow rate (
l
Q
) are
evaluated as follows:
The recirculation flow rate (
rec
Q
) for any section can be evaluated form the
below integration.

dy u L Q
h
rec

0
(3.67)
which can be rearranged as follows:

1
0
y d h u LUc Q
rec
(3.68)
The leakage flow rate ( l
Q
) from the two edges of the journal bearing can be
determined from:

R h
l
wdydx Q
2
0 0
(3.69)
which can be rearranged as follows:

2
0
1
0
x d y d w RUc Q
l (3.70)
Numerical integration is used to solve the above equations.
11-The mixed oil temperature in the inlet zone is computed from equation (3.22)
and this temperature is used as an initial inlet temperature to solve the energy
equation.
27
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
12-The energy equation (3.56) and the heat transfer equation at the solids (3.64)
subjected to the boundary conditions (3.23),(3.24)and(3.25), the shaft can be
treated as an isothermal component for a full journal bearing as[12,17], are
solved simultaneously to get the temperature filed. The mixed oil temperature is
used as an inlet temperature. They are solved by the successive under relaxation
iteration technique.
13-The new oil-film temperature is used to compute a new viscosity field which
is subsequently used to solve the Reynolds' equation and simultaneous solutions
for the equations are obtained iteratively until the converging criteria of the
temperatures for all points on the boundary between the oil film and the bush
(inner bush face ) for two successive iteration steps is less than (
6
10

).
6
,
1
, ,
10

<

n
j i
n
j i
n
j i
t
t t
t
(3.71)
14-The applied load is computed form the equation below after the equations
(3-17,3-18) have been solved:
W=
2 2 2
) / ( t r
in
w w c R Ul + (3.72)
15- If error ratio of the applied load is less than
3
10

the solution moves to the

next step, other wise modifies the value of

and returns to step 1.

16- The results are printed.


The same above procedure is used to solve the equations in the case of the

120 partial arc journal bearing, as shown in figure(3-4), but the following
modifications must be used:
1- Instead of the boundary conditions (3-19) used:
At 3 / 2 x 0 . 0 p (3.73)
28
Solution procedure for partial journal bearing 3.8.6
Oil supply groove
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
2- Instead of the boundary conditions (3-21) used:
At 3 / 4 x 0 . 0 p (3.74)
3- Instead of the equation (3-22) used:
At 3 / 2 x in mix
t t
(3.75)

A suitable computer program was prepared and written in
(FORTRAN 90) language , to solve governing equations which govern the
performance of the journal bearing. The flow chart of the computer program
can be shown in figure (3-5).
29
Computer program 3.9
Oil supply groove
i : 1 i=1 at and i=n+1 at
j : 1 j=1 at and j=jj+1 at
k : 1 k=1 at and k=kk+1 at
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory



Fig.(3-1) Geometry of Journal Bearing and Coordinate System

Line of center
30

R
y
X
Y
O
1
O
1
O
2
r
in
r
out
Oil supply groove
x
+
+
1 : i ta 1=i ta 1+n=i dna
ta 1=j 1 : j ta 1+jj=j dna
ta 1=k 1 : k ta 1+kk=k dna
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory






Fig.(3-2) Grid generation for oil film of journal bearing
31

kk-1
kk
kk
journal surface
j
i-1 i i+1
bush surface
i
jj
j
j+1
z
y
1
j-1
2 3
i : 1 i=1 at and i=n+1 at
j : 1 j=1 at and j=jj+1 at
k : 1 k=1 at and k=kk+1 at
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
Fig.(3-3) Finite different grid for bearing bush
Input data I

Generate
mesh
32
Calculate for the oil film matrix using equation(3.52)
after solve equations(3.4),(3.15),(3.2),and (3.3)
Assume
pressure field
input
Calculate from

equation(3.65)
If
con.<

i , j+1, k
i-1, j, k
i+1 , j, k
i , j-1, k
i , j , k
1
O
2
O
+
X

y x
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

Centers line
R
Input data I

Generate
mesh
33
Calculate for the oil film matrix using equation(3.52)
after solve equations(3.4),(3.15),(3.2),and (3.3)
Assume
pressure field
input
Calculate from

equation(3.65)
If
con.<

Y
sin
r
Fig.(3-4) Partial journal bearing
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
Input data I

Generate
mesh
Yes
No
If I
Calculate from
equations(3.5),(3.6),(3.7)
Calculate from
equation(3.68),(3.70),(3.22)


Calculate for the oil film matrix by solving equation(3.56)
simultaneously with equation(3.64) to get for bush
If
Con.<
34
4
'
'
Assume the temperature
of oil film, bearing bush
and shaft grid points
Calculate for the oil film matrix using equation(3.52)
after solve equations(3.4),(3.15),(3.2),and (3.3)
2
'
'
Calculate the converging criteria eq. 3.66
from3.64 equation (3.66)
1
'
'
Assume
pressure field
1
'
'
Sta
rt
input
Calculate from

equation(3.65)
If
con.<
3
'
'
6
'
'
Fig.(3-5) Flowchart of Computer Program
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

3
'
'
2
'
'
Calculatefrom
equation (3.16)
If I
Calculate from
equations(3.5),(3.6),(3.7)
Calculate from
equation(3.68),(3.70),(3.22)


Calculate for the oil film matrix by solving equation(3.56)
simultaneously with equation(3.64) to get for bush
If
Con.<
No
Yes
Calculate the load w
from equation(3-72)

Calculate the
error
Write ,
w
End
35
5
'
'
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
3
'
'
2
'
'
Calculatefrom
equation (3.16)
If I
Calculate from
equations(3.5),(3.6),(3.7)
Calculate from
equation(3.68),(3.70),(3.22)


Calculate for the oil film matrix by solving equation(3.56)
simultaneously with equation(3.64) to get for bush
Calculate the con.for
the inner bush
face from
equation(3-71)
If
Con.<
4
'
'
No
Yes
No
Yes
Calculate the load w
from equation(3-72)

Calculate the
error
Write ,
w
End
36
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory

Calculate the load w
from equation(3-72)

5
'
'
Calculate the
error
Error <
Write ,
w
End
0 5 . 0 +
6
'
'
No
Yes
37
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
38
Chapter Three Mathematical Model and Theory
39