Ronald Reagans Immigration Reform and Control Act: Significantly Influencing Immigration Regulation

Sandra Quezada Junior Division Individual Website

Process Paper Ronald Reagans Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) was selected because of its significance and distinction. The IRCA established a foundation towards the management and regulation of illegal immigration in the United States. Having personally Mexican heritage and being born in Mexico, I acknowledge the complicated process that is required to obtain permanent residency. There are several challenges and difficulties that illegal immigrants are exposed to because of their situation. Since there have currently been significant arguments about the control of illegal immigration and talk of a rumored illegal immigrant amnesty, I thought that it would be an excellent idea to construct this report. My older sister, a student at the University of South Florida, chose the topic of the IRCA for one of her assignments. Her report confirmed my decision on choosing the IRCA as my National History Day project. In addition, I have attended two protests at the state capitol of Florida, Tallahassee, in opposition of an antiimmigration law that was to be passed in Florida. To me it was important to represent my ethnicity; I believe in the rights of people, in the truth and equality of law, and the world that America will one day be. To commence my National History Day presentation, I began to research online. There were several websites that were useless and irrelevant. Yet, there were other websites, which pertain to the subject accurately. Several of my information gathered was obtained by government websites that provided assistance to illegal immigrants who wish to proceed with the naturalization process. Another essential portion of my research was the photographs taken of protests held in opposition towards several anti-immigration laws. I had numerous sources available that gave insight to the IRCA and other illegal immigration amnesties. With these resources, I was able to begin the development of my website.

When I began my website, I made a montage demonstrating photographs of amnesty protests, an official photograph of Ronald Reagan and illegal immigrants reaching out for their rights. During my research I came across a song written by Taboo, which pertained to Arizonas anti-immigration law, S.B. 1070. The song is titled One Heart, One Beat and features several Hispanic celebrities who are against law S.B. 1070. Taboos heartfelt lyrics clearly convey the opposition toward the Arizona law. There were other helpful websites and videos that describe the complex issue on illegal immigration. The IRCA has significant influence on current illegal immigration policy and enforcements. There is now a more strict regulation at the nations border especially since there are several drugs being transferred from outer countries. In the past decade, there have been several anti-immigration laws being legislated in states. There have only been a couple immigration amnesties. Ronald Reagan has marked a turning point at the instant the pen was placed on paper. The single document has impacted Americas views on illegal immigration and the events that have led for the nations immigration policy to be what it presently is.

Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Government Websites Abaddon. Basic Information about the DREAM Act Legislation. DAP. N.p., 16 July 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://dreamact.info/students>. The Dream Act Portal is a website open to illegal immigrants who are interested on qualifying and participating in the DREAM Act. The article, Basic Information about the DREAM Act Legislation, gives significant information to who can apply o the DREAM Act. The requirements are different to those of the Immigration Reform and Control Act, as the Dream Act focuses on students.

Arizonas Immigration Enforcement Laws. National Conf. of State Legislatures. National Conference of State Legislatures, 2012. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.ncsl.org/issuesresearch/immig/analysis-of-arizonas-immigration-law.aspx>. Arizonas Immigration Enforcement Laws is an important article that includes background information to the Arizona laws of anti-immigration. There is also information on similar bills and resolutions. The Arizona anti-immigration law has also influenced other laws in several states.

Fixing the Immigration System for Americas 21st Century Economy. The White House. USA.gov, 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/fixingimmigration-system-america-s-21st-century-economy>. The article, Fixing the Immigration System for Americas 21st Century Economy,

outlines propositions and ideals represented by President Barack Obama. The White House website clearly displays his approach to control and manage illegal immigration in the United States. Obama believes in amnesty just like Reagan, which demonstrates how Reagans IRCA has impacted modern ideas.

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. USCIS, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/ ? vgnextoid=04a295c4f635f010VgnVCM1000000ecd190aRCRD&vgnextchannel=b32819 4d3e88d010VgnVCM10000048f3d6a1RCRD>. The government website that provides accurate and important information about immigration, citizenship benefits, and the immigration system. It oversees lawful immigration into the United States. It also contains information and facts about the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Explains the requirements for the application of the IRCA and when it was passed and legislated.

Immigration Statistics. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. DHS, 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics>. The Depart of Homeland Security proves a statistical data report of persons who had obtained permanent legal residency in the United States through 1820 to 2011. This is very valuable information as it pertains to the legalization of many illegal immigrants and this data can be used to study the year 1986 which was the year that the Immigration

Reform and Control Act was passed.

Notice to South Carolina employers on E-Verify. South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation. SCDLLR, 2012. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.llr.state.sc.us/immigration/>. There have also been measures taken in South Carolina for illegal immigration. Employers must verify the the legal status of all new employees through the E-Verify system. This website article mainly explains the consequences for not complying to do this act.

Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP). United States Department of Labor. U.S. Department of Labo, n.d. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. <http://www.dol.gov/ofccp/regs/compliance/ca_irca.htm#.UHCSoZjA_W0>. Employers may hire people who are able to legally work in the United States. Employers must also verify the eligible and legal status of the employees. They must also fill out forms and paper work that will prove and ensure the legal status of the hired employers.

TN 36 (09-99) SI 00501.440 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Social Security Administration. USA.gov, 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 13 Sept. 2012. <https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0500501440!opendocument>. This is a Social Security website that explains the specifics about the IRCA of 1986. There is also information that includes who could apply and the requirements. Background information and important terms and acronyms were also available to

understand the different terms that could apply to a certain person.

Magazine Articles Vargas, Jose Antonio. Inside the World of the Illegal Immigrant. TIME: n. pag. TIME. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://ideas.time.com/2012/06/14/inside-the-world-of-the-illegalimmigrant/>. Jose Antonio Vargas talks about the life as an illegal immigrant and wants other people to see how illegal immigrants are not that different from Americans today. He represents the illegal immigration population as a whole and wants to spread awareness in support to fix the broken immigration system.

News Footage ABC Action News. Immigration bill opponents march on state Capitol. Youtube. N.p., 25 Apr. 2011. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYZGu2gLsm4>. ABC Action News describes the protest opposing the immigration law SB 2040 in Florida. The protest pertaining to the legislation occurred at the state Capitol in Tallahassee on April 25, 2011. Families and religious protesters had previously held rallies, prayer vigils and lobbying. The video published by ABC demonstrates how states have also adapted new immigration laws and is important to view how Reagans law has influenced present day.

Alabamas H.B. 56: Harshest Immigration Law in the Country. American. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://www.aclu.org/immigrants-rights/alabamas-hb-56-harshestimmigration-law-country>. Retired Judge U.W. Clemon, Alabama's first African-American federal judge, gives his perspective toward the anti-immigration law in Alabama. He describes House Bill 56 to be a harsh law and explains the civil rights crisis caused by the law.

Nine Protesters Arrested after Phoenix Mach. ABC 15. Scripps TV Station Group, 25 Apr. 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. <http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/region_phoenix_metro/central_phoenix/arizonansmarch-in-protest-of-sb-1070>. The news footage by ABC shows the different protests held in Phoenix in opposition and in favor of S.B. 1070. It is important to have a visualization of protests held and the different opinions on the law.

S.B. 1070 Immigration Law: Arizona Police Can Now Enforce Show Me Your Papers. ABC 15. Scripps TV Station Group, 18 Sept. 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2012. <http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/region_phoenix_metro/centhttp://www.abc15.com/dp p/news/region_phoenix_metro/central_phoenix/judge-police-can-now-enforce-arizonaimmigration-lawral_phoenix/judge-police-can-now-enforce-arizona-immigration-law>. As the title of the video claims, Arizona officers can now enforce the show me your papers section of Senate Bill 1070. The news footage explains the effect of this law on local citizens and analyzes S.B. 1070.

Second Presidential Debate: Immigration. CBS News. CBS, 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50133285nv>. As the title clearly describes the video, Second Presidential Debate: Immigration, is a small section of the second presidential debate in which the two candidates discussed their different views on how to manage illegal immigration. As this is the year in which there was the re-election and many pleads for another amnesty, it is important to view the two sides of the opposing candidates, Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama.

Newspaper Articles Anti-Illegal Immigration Laws in States. New York Times 22 Apr. 2012: n. pag. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/04/22/us/anti-illegal-immigration-lawsin-states.html>. A visual map demonstrates the different states where there have been enactments or steps taken towards immigration enforcement laws. There are six states that have enacted immigration enforcement laws. There are also 8 states that have steps towards passing immigration enforcement legislations.

Personal Memoir The Stories of U.S. Immigrants in Their Own Words. My Immigration Story. N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.myimmigrationstory.com/>. My Immigration Story, is a website dedicated to giving illegal immigrants a chance to speak their stories of themselves or a person whom they know who is an illegal immigrant. These stories are valuable and give a firsthand account of the struggles in

which illegal immigrants have to face daily.

Photographs C584-12, Official Portrait of President Reagan. 1981. Official Portraits. The Ronald Reagan Lib., Texas. The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/photographs/official.html>. The official portrait of Ronald Reagan is an important photograph to include in my presentation. The public can see who former President Reagan was and might be able to have a clearer perspective on the type of person who he might have been.

Illegal immigration sign. Citizens 4 Freedom. Citizens 4 Freedom, 2011. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.citizens4freedom.com/Issues/IllegalImmigration/tabid/1620/Default.aspx>. The image posted by Citizens 4 Freedom, the road sign represents illegal immigrants crossing the border. This is placed on roads to bring awareness towards illegal immigration in the United States.

Many protesters waving American flags. VariFrank. Sitemeter, 1 May 2006. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://varifrank.com/archives/2006/05/index.php>. The photograph projects a quality image of a protest held by illegal immigrants to fight for their rights or amnesty. The image is a good representation of protests and rallies held to spread awareness that an amnesty is needed.

People protesting for amnesty. Marbies Blog. Wordpress, 26 May 2010. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://marbiesblog.wordpress.com/2010/05/26/obama-wants-open-borders-u-s-wedont/>. Illegal immigrants or those who are not illegal but support the idea that illegal immigrants should be given amnesty, are protesting on the streets as the photograph depicts. The photograph, which is untitled, gives a quality representation of the peaceful assemblies held to support amnesty laws.

People protesting on the streets holding flags and banners. People of Color Organize. N.p., 27 Apr. 2011. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.peopleofcolororganize.com/activism/dayimmigration-debate-real-radical-honest/>. The banner held by protesters claims For the dignity and rights of immigrants we are...America. I believe that this is a very encouraging banner to spread awareness that illegal immigrants make up a large portion of the United States and deserve amnesty as they have given the United States their all and maybe it might be time to give back.

President Reagan in the Roosevelt Room Signing S. 1200 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 with Dan Lungren, Strom Thurmond,George Bush, Romano Mazzoli and Alan Simpson. 6 Nov. 1986. Photograph. Signing Ceremonies. The Ronald Reagan Lib., Texas. The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library provides first hand photographs of signing ceremonies presented by Ronald Reagan. The photograph, President Reagan in the Roosevelt Room Signing S. 1200 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

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with Dan Lungren, Strom Thurmond,George Bush, Romano Mazzoli and Alan Simpson is a great photograph that shows the exact moment in which a turning point took place.

Protesters waving an American flag overhead. Dick and Sharons LA Progressive. Dick Price and Sharon Kyle, 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://www.laprogressive.com/postelection-day-immigrationfallout/#sthash.WXywMpM6.HwIJasPL.dpbs>. Protesters waving a very large American flag over the street is a photograph that captures the emotion of illegal immigration or those who support them. The photograph is a great representation of the protests held and shows that illegal immigrants respect the United States and only want to be a part of America.

Woman with the American flag painted on her face. Labor Union Report. N.p., 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.laborunionreport.com/portal/tag/occupyportland/>. This photograph, who is title-less and does not have a photographer has captures a woman with the American flag painted on her face. It is a great image that symbolized the respect for America by illegal immigrants.

Public Service Websites Green Card (Permanent Residence). U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. USCIS, 13 May 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.uscis.gov/greencard>.

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services provide what a green card means. This was very important to know since a green card is the most thing desired by illegal immigrants. The webpage, also includes the different ways that a green card can be obtained.

Green Card through the Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. USCIS, 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2012. <http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/ ? vgnextoid=6c6c3a4107083210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=6c6c3a 4107083210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD>. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is a very helpful website to those who want to go through the naturalization process. This particular webpage explained what the Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act pertained to and how it was possible to obtain legal residency.

Immigration Reform and Control Act. U.S. Immigration Support. U.S. Immigration Support, 2012. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. <http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/irca.html>. U.S. Immigration Support brings to the attention that many illegal immigrants were benefited from the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Nearly 1.7 million illegal immigrants became permanent residents. There were also many agricultural workers applied for the IRCA amnesty. Many of these legal residents later became legal U.S. citizens.

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Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). Boston University Human Resources. Boston University, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.bu.edu/hr/policies/federal-and-statelaws/immigration-reform-and-control-act-irca/>. Information on the Immigration Reform and Control Act and what the law prohibited and allowed. Employers had to verify the identity and eligibility of employees. Also includes fees/fines given to employers who continued to hire undocumented workers. Explained and put into perspective the problem of illegal immigration and enforcement taking place to prevent it.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. USCIS, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/ ? vgnextoid=576a3a4107083210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=576a3 a4107083210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD>. The United States Citizen and Immigration Services provides a definition on what a Green Card is. The USCIS also shows different way in which an illegal immigrant can obtain a green card.

Video Taboo- One Heart One Beat. Dir. D. Zapa Media. By Taboo. Youtube. Youtube, 24 July 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaCxTO3Z3vk>. Artist, Taboo, originally from the band, Black Eyed Peas, writes One Heart, One Beat

to voice out against Arizonas anti-immigration law, S.B. 1070. He conveys his point of view and adds the voice of other famous artists who are also against the S.B. 1070. This shows a direct opposition to the law S.B. 1070 and is taken into much consideration.

Secondary Sources Illustrations S.B. 1070 crossed out and 6 silhouettes of people. New America Media. New America Media, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2012. <http://newamericamedia.org/2012/06/sb-1070-ruling-has-bothsides-claiming-victory.php>. Arizonas anti-immigration law had affected many people and brought rage to the public. The illustration used by New America Media shows the Arizona flag and the words S.B. 1070 crossed out. The illustration is a good symbol to represent the peoples disagreement with the law.

Magazine Articles Vargas, Jose Antonio. Immigration Debate: The Problem with the Word Illegal. TIME 21 Sept. 2012: n. pag. TIME. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://ideas.time.com/2012/09/21/immigration-debate-the-problem-with-the-wordillegal/>. Jose Antonio Vargas writes about how he feels and many other illegal immigrants feel when the word illegal alien is used to describe them. He is personally an illegal immigrant who has publicly announced that he is an illegal immigrant. Vargas is a great

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representation of illegal immigrants. Newspaper Articles Alabama Governor Signs Revised Anti-illegal Immigration Law. CNN U.S. Cable News Network, 18 May 2012. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://articles.cnn.com/2012-0518/us/us_alabama-immigration-law_1?_s=PM:US>. Alabamas anti-immigration law has been analyzed by news channel, CNN. was considered one of the countys most toughest immigration policies. House Bill 56 included provisions that police officers who make lawful traffic stops or arrest can try to determine the immigration status of anyone who they suspect might be in the country illegally. This in other words would be racial profiling. HB 56 would also give the Alabama officials permission to verify the legal status of students in public schools. The new bill, HB 658 is said to address come of these issues.

Bream, Shannon. Immigration Agents File Suit against Napolitano over amnesty Program. Fox News 23 Aug. 2012, Politics: n. pag. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/08/23/immigration-agents-file-suit-againstnapolitano-over-amnesty-program/>. Fox News describes the lawsuit from immigration agents against Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. The agents have claimed that they are being forced to break the law and not deport illegal immigrants. The causes of these actions are caused by the Obama administration for political reasons. Amnesties are for the benefit of the U.S. and should be lawful; the IRCA was a legislation passed and was therefore constitutional.

Brown, Robbie. Georgia Gives Police Added Power to Seek out Illegal Immigrants. New York Times 13 May 2011: n. pag. Web. 2 Jan. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/14/us/14georgia.html?_r=0>. The anti-immigration law in Georgia, H.B. 87 gives police the power to question the legal status of Georgians. New York Times gives a detailed perspective and insight into the House Bill 87 and explains the effects of the bill on the daily life of immigrants.

Constable, Pamela. Alabama Law Drives out Illegal Immigrants but Also Has Unexpected Consequences. Washington Post, Politics: n. pag. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/alabama-law-drives-out-illegal-immigrants-butalso-has-unexpected-consequences/2012/06/17/gJQA3Rm0jV_story_1.html>. The article, Alabama Law Drives out Illegal Immigrants but Also Has Unexpected Consequences, explains the effect on Alabama after the immigration law had been passed. Many illegal immigrants have been deported and the state of Alabama is being affected because of this. Many Hispanic workers worked in the fields and in factories. The loss of employees and the lack of people wanting to do the difficult work has had an impact of Alabamas economy.

Dwyer, Devin. Utah Approves Guest Worker Program for Illegal Immigrants. ABC News. ABC News Network, 7 Mar. 2011. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/utah-approves-guest-worker-program-illegalimmigrants/story?id=13071198#.UHGjU64dCG4>. Utahs illegal immigration solution is a program that would grant permits to

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undocumented immigrants and allow them to continue living and working in the state legally. This is a different approach to the issue of immigration and is similar to the IRCA amnesty that was passed in 1986.

Facts on Immigration in the United States. CNN 15 June 2012: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/15/facts-on-immigration-in-the-united-states/>. Facts on immigration in the United States, by CNN provides details on statistics and demographics on the amount of illegal immigrants in the United States.There are several important facts that show the rate of growth and decline of immigrant in the United States. It is essential to know how many illegal immigrants there are to see how many can qualify for amnesty.

Georgia Immigration Law: Appeals Court Rules That Police May Verify Immigration Status. Huff Post 20 Aug. 2012, Politics: n. pag. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/20/georgia-immigrationlaw_n_1813410.html#slide=more232319>. Georgia Immigration Law: Appeals Court Rules That Police May Verify Immigration Status by the Huff Post demonstrates how the state of Georgia has also taken steps to enact immigration laws. This law HB 87 allows government agencies and private companies to check the immigration status of applicants. Some parts of this law was blocked as it was too extreme but went into effect on July 1, 2011.

Hundreds Protest Immigration Law in Arizona. CNN Politics. CNN, 25 Apr. 2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://articles.cnn.com/2010-0425/politics/arizona.immigration.protest_1_immigration-law-profiling-state-courts? _s=PM:POLITICS>. The article published by CNN describes the protest held against the Arizona immigration law S.B. 1070 at Arizonas capitol in Phoenix. the protest was a peacefully assembly but was also a strong felt protest that conveyed the opposition of the anti-immigration law. Hundreds Protest Immigration Law in Arizona, by CNN Wire Staff gives firsthand quotes that are useful to comprehend the different point of views on the ideas of S.B. 1070.

Mazze, Patricia, and Steve Bousquet. Protesters Take Some Credit for Weakened Immigration Bill. Tampa Bay Times 5 May 2011: n. pag. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. <http://www.tampabay.com/news/business/protesters-take-some-credit-for-weakenedimmigration-bill/1167698>. There were several protests against Senate Bill 2040 in Florida and it is possible that the protesters where the reason why the Senate voted against S.B. 2040. Perhaps the prayers reached the hearts of legislators. "It's easy to talk about you know, down at the post office, at the bar you know, we ought to do this thing," Sen. J.D. Alexander, R-Lake Wales, told senators in a floor speech Tuesday. "But when you start looking in people's eyes and understand they are people who live and breathe just like us I think you all need to think about it very carefully."

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McDuffee, Allen. Report: DREAM Act would add $329 billion to U.S. economy by 2030. Washington Post 1 Oct. 2012, Politics: n. pag. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/thinktanked/wp/2012/10/01/dream-actimmigration-329-billion-to-u-s-economy-by-2030/>. The DREAM Act legislation could potentially add $329 billion to the U.S. economy as explained by the Center for American Progress and posted by The Washington Post. Ideas like Reagans IRCA and illegal immigration amnesties can benefit the economy of the U.S. as shown by the report from the Center for American Progress. As more of these laws are passed, the more it can impact future generations.

Noorani, Ali. Indiana gets real on immigration. CNN. Cable News Network, 3 Aug. 2012. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://articles.cnn.com/2012-08-03/opinion/opinion_noorani-indianaimmigration_1_immigration-law-law-enforcement-greg-zoeller>. Indiana has also considered adapting a law similar to Arizonas law. SB 1070 from Arizona has influenced other states to make their own immigration laws. This could be a disadvantage to some states as illegal immigrants do jobs that a normal American would not normally do.

Robetson, Campbell. Appeals Court Draws Boundaries on Alabamas Immigration Law. New York Times 21 Aug. 2012: n. pag. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/22/us/appeals-court-limits-alabamas-immigrationlaw.html?_r=1&>.

Some sections of Alabamas immigration law, H.B. 56, were blocked by courts. One of the main idea in H.B. 56 is the concept of self-deportation. H.B. 56 is considered to be the boldest test of self-deportation and is one of the influenced immigration laws by S.B. 1070.

Santos, Fernanda. Arizona Immigration Law Survives Ruling. New York Times 6 Sept. 2012, U.S.: n. pag. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/us/key-elementof-arizona-immigration-law-survives-ruling.html>. Arizonas immigration law, S.B. 1070 took effect in Arizona. This law, also known as Show Me Your Papers provision, allows officers to request the legal status of a person who might possibly be illegal. This has a direct affect on Hispanics in Arizona and many are frightened to even go out on the streets.

Time Magazine Covers Undocumented Immigrants. Fox News 14 June 2012: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2012/06/14/time-magazinecovers-undocumented-immigrants/>. Fox provides a direct source to Latinos who want to be informed and that want to stay current. This article specifically addressed the magazine issued by Time which talks about illegal immigration. Fox Latino is an overall great source of information as it connects to the Latino population in the United States.

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Website Articles 245(I) Amnesty Lawyer. May Law Group Immigration Attorneys. Ed. May Law Group. May Law Group, 2012. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.mayvisalaw.com/OtherImmigration-Topics/245-i-Amnesty-Issues.shtml>. May Law Group explains how the 245(i) Amnesty law functioned and who were eligible to qualify. This amnesty law was passed after the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. By knowing the key reasons for passing this law, and who would be affected by it, I can incorporate the given information by the May Law Group into my presentation.

Excitement and Confusion Reign as Obamas Deferred Action Program Is Implemented. U.S.A Visa Counsel. Law Offices of Richard Hanus, 16 Aug. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.usavisacounsel.com/articles/excitement-and-confusion-reign-as-obamasdeferred-action-program-is-implemented.htm>. The article by U.S.A. Visa Counsel gives insight on the two opposing candidates, Barack Obama and Mitt Romney and their stance on the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. These programs want to ensure the future of students who are currently studying and want to continue studying. The article also includes the basic requirements that the program will be looking for in youths.

Illegal Immigration Facts & Statistics. End Illegal Immigration. American for Legal Immigration, 11 Apr. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.endillegalimmigration.com/Illegal_Immigration_Facts_&_Statistics/index.s html>.

The webpage, Illegal Immigration Facts & Statistics, is a webpage dedicated to provide important facts and statistics relating to illegal immigration present in the United States. It is essential to know how many illegal immigrants are in the United States to view how amnesties can affect the immigration population as a whole.

Immigration Amnesty. U.S. Immigration Amnesty. USAmnesty, 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.usamnesty.org/>. Ideas and the concepts of immigration amnesty have risen and more people have wanted to support amnesties. The website, U.S. Immigration Amnesty is a website dedicated to provide details of a proposed immigration amnesty and references the IRCA law passed by Reagan.

Jaksic, Vesna. ACLU Tells Appeals Court Georgia, Alabama Anti-Immigrant Laws Spark a Climate of Fear. American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, 2013. Web. 2 Jan. 2013. <http://www.aclu.org/blog/tag/hb-87>. The American Civil Liberties Union provides information about the Georgia antiimmigration laws, H.B. 87 and Alabamas H.B. 56. These two immigration laws were influenced by anti-immigration law, S.B. 1070. All of these laws have served as an attempt to control illegal immigration, like the IRCA once did.

Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE) of 2000. Amnesty Bill. Amnesty Bill, 2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://amnestybill.com/2000-life.html>. Amnesty Bill.com provides coverage on the amnesty bill of the Legal Immigration

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Family Equity Act (LIFE) of 2000. This law was passed several years later than the Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986. It is important to see the different amnesties that have been passed to legalize illegal immigrants in the United States.

Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) of 1997. Amnesty Bill. Amnesty Bill, 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://amnestybill.com/1997-nacara.html>. Amnesty Bill.com gives information about the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) of 1997. This was a law that benefited the Nicaraguans and was also one of the seven amnesties that the United States have offered. This amnesty was important as it was another representation that illegal immigrants could be given amnesties.

A Reagan Legacy: Amnesty For Illegal Immigrants. NPR. NPR, 4 July 2010. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128303672>. This is an article from NPR which describes the results of the IRCA passed by Ronald Reagan. Now that there have been many other immigration issues, it is important to see one of the first acts to regulate illegal immigration in the U.S. Many consider that the IRCA was a failed act yet there were many legalized immigrants who now are successful to the country.

SB 2012 Tightens the Belt on Immigration Laws. Staffing Talk. Regan Kohler, 4 May 2011. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. <http://www.staffingtalk.com/sb-2040-tightens-belt-immigrationlaws/>.

This website article explains that the anti immigration law, SB 2040 in Florida was brought before the Florida Senate on Tuesday May 2, 2012. This law would give employers permission to verify the legal status of workers and for police officers to also ask for legal verification if there is reasonable suspicion that a person may be illegal.

The Seven Amnesties Passed by Congress. NumbersUSA: For Lower Immigration Levels. NumbersUSA, 2012. Web. 24 Sept. 2012. <https://www.numbersusa.com/content/learn/illegal-immigration/seven-amnestiespassed-congress.html>. NumbersUSA explains the seven different amnesties that have been passed in the United States to allow illegal immigrants to become legal residents in the Unites States. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 was the first immigrant amnesty act to be passed and provided ideas to the other six amnesty laws.

Waslin, Michele. Remembering the Benefits of IRCA, 25 Years Later. Immigration Impact. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://immigrationimpact.com/2011/11/07/rememberingthe-benefits-of-irca-25-years-later/>. This blog post is discussing the benefits of the Immigration Reform and Control Act after 25 years since Ronald Reagan passed the legislation. Many illegal immigrants were legalized and could attend school to provide a better future for their children.

What Is Section 245(i) of the Immigration & Nationality Act? Legal Language Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. <http://www.legallanguage.com/legal-articles/section-245i/>.

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Section 245(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act is one of the seven approved amnesties in the United States. Legal Language Services provides information and details on Section 245(i) and how illegal immigrants could receive permanent residency under the act.

Who and Where the DREAMers Are. Immigration Policy Center. American Immigration Council, 18 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. <http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/issues/DREAM-Act>. This website is dedicated to the DREAM Act and the DREAMers. The DREAM Act is an act that allows illegal immigrants to legally study in the U.S. There are specific requirements in order to be applicable.