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AN02d

Unit02: New Directions in Government and Society

Ch.08

Timeline: 1500 BCE - 700 CE


FQ: How has Africa's geographic diversity influenced cultural development?
Main Idea: African peoples developed diverse societies as they adapted to varied
environments. Africa includes a broad range of Earths environmentsfrom steamy coastal
plains to snow-capped mountain peaks. Some parts of Africa suffer from constant drought, while
others receive over 200 inches of rain a year. Vegetation varies from sand dunes and rocky
wastes to dense green rain forests. Interaction with the African environ- ment has created
unique cultures and societies. Each group found ways to adapt to the land and the resources it
offers.
CCSS
I. Land of Geographic Contrasts
A. Challenging Environments
1. Sahara Desert
2. Sahel
3. Rainforest
B. Welcoming Lands
1. Mediterranean Basin
2. Savanna(h)
II. Early Humans Adapt
A. Nomadic Lifestyle
1. Hunter-Gatherers
2. Pastoralists
B. Transition to Settled (Sedentary) Lifestyle
1. A Wetter Sahara
2. A Drying Sahara causes Migrations to other Environments
3. New Environments Support Diverse Crop Cultivation
4. Agricultural Surplus Leads to Benefits and Societal Development
III. Early Societies in Africa
A. Social Unit
1. Extended Family
2. Clans ('Tribe' may be a commonly used, though often incorrectly applied,
substitute)
B. Local Religions
1. Spiritual Explanation for Natural Phenomena (Dry winds of a drought vs. a
soaking rain storm)
2. Animism
C. Keeping a History
1. Oral Tradition thrives
2. Griots: African Bards

AN02d

Unit02: New Directions in Government and Society

IV. West African Iron Age


A. What happened to Copper and Bronze Ages?
B. Nok People and West African Iron Age
1. Modern Day Nigeria (Niger & Benue Rivers)
2. Iron Furnace and Smelting
3. Djenne: Sign of Things to Come
V. Summary Activity: Why it Matters Now
Differences among modern societies are also based on peoples interactions with their
environments.
Materials/Sources:Refer to the course calendar for additional assignments and pertinent due dates.
World History: Patterns of Interaction

Ch.08

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