M1.

(i)

two or 2
1

(ii)

magnesium and chloride either order not positive / negative do not creditchlorine accept Mg++ and Cldo not credit just Mg and Cl accept cation(s) and anion(s)
1

(iii) (iv)

2
1

electrons accept charges

1

(v)

any three from (is a) giant structure/lattice structure crystalline / hard accept just 'crystals(s) high melting point / solid high boiling point conductor (of electricity) when dissolved in water or conductor (of electricity) when ions are free to move conductor (of electricity) when molten soluble in water
3

[7]

M2.

(a)

(i)

small or few atoms thick or size in the range 1100 nanometres owtte
1

(ii)

sensible idea of passing through smaller gaps owtte eg can pass through skin / pores / cells or more easily absorbed
1

Page 1 of 8

(b)

any two from: good at absorbing UV light / radiation spread more easily cover better save money / use less transparent less chance of getting skin cancer or stops skin cancer ignore more effective alone
2

(c)

toxic to (cells / specific cells) allow harm / damage / kill or cause cancer
1

[5]

M3.

(a)

(i)

all three correct 2 marks one correct 1 mark

2

(ii)

14
1

(b)

A
1

[4]

Page 2 of 8

M4.

high
1

giant allow covalent

1

four
1

covalent
1

[4]

M5.

(a)

all three lines correct gains 2 marks one or two correct gains 1 mark if there are more than 3 lines then lose mark for each extra line
2

(b)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

covalent
1

four
1

hard
1

three
1

soft
1

(c)

carbon accept C
1

[8]

Page 3 of 8

M6.

(a)

CH4 4 should be below halfway up H / tail of 4 below the dotted line

1

(b) (c)

molecule
1

covalent
1

[3]

M7.

(a)

covalent
1

(b)

(i) (ii)

liquid
1

fluorine accept F / F2 do not accept fluoride

1

(c)

(i) (ii)

should fluoride ions be added to drinking water?

1

any one from: not enough reliable/valid evidence may be other factors involved it is an opinion / choice / belief / ethics issue it cant be scientifically investigated allow cant do an experiment ignore test mark independently of (c) (i)
1

[5]

M8. (b)

(a) 9

4
1

[2]

Page 4 of 8

M9.

(a)

C3H8 capital letters for symbols numbers must be halfway or lower down the element symbol allow H8C3 do not allow 3:8 or C3 and H8
1

(b)

(i) (ii)

electron
1

covalent
1

(c)

low and small both for 1 mark

1

[4]

M10.

(a) 14

13
1

numbers must be in the order shown (b) electrons have a very small mass compared to protons
1

(c)

electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide

1

[4]

M11.

(a) (ii)

(i)

element
1

compound
1

(b)

an / one electron from the sodium atom

1

is lost / transferred to form a sodium ion

1

(c)

(i)

8 electrons drawn on outer energy level / shell

1

Page 5 of 8

(ii)

because oppositely charged ions attract each other or because chloride ions are negative and sodium ions are positive
1

[6]

M12.

(a)

because nano-sized particles are smaller than normal sized particles

1

(b)

may cause harm when they are inside the body

1

[2]

M13.

(a)

4
1

(b)

A
1

(c)

it is alkaline accept alkali / basic / base

1

(d)

(i) (ii) (ii)

salt
1

nitric
1

fertiliser
1

(e)

because energy
1

is taken in (from the surroundings) second mark must be linked to energy

1

[8]

M14.

(a)

metals
1

Page 6 of 8

(b)

copper atoms are arranged in layers

1

copper atoms can slide over each other.

1

(c)

the layers of atoms are distorted in bronze

1

[4]

Page 7 of 8

Page 8 of 8