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Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate. The word equation for this reaction
is:
sodiumcarbonate+hydrochloricacidsodiumchloride+water+carbondioxide
(a)
(i)
(ii)
NaCO3
NaCl
Na2CO3
Na2Cl
Use the Data Sheet to help you choose the correct formula from the list for:
sodium carbonate, .........................................
sodium chloride. ............................................
(2)
(b)
The diagram below shows a different apparatus used by student Y to investigate the same
reaction.
(i)
Page 1 of 14
(ii)
volume of acid
concentration of acid
temperature
Use information from the diagrams to explain why the reaction that student Y carried
out was faster.
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(2)
(c)
(i)
Student Y repeated the experiment exactly as before but used warmer acid. This
made the reaction faster.
On the graph draw a line for this faster reaction.
(2)
Page 2 of 14
(ii)
Explain, in terms of particles, why the rate of the reaction is faster when warmer acid
is used.
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(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Q2.
This question is about sodium chloride (common salt) which is an important chemical.
Sodium chloride can be made by burning sodium in chlorine gas.
(a)
Balance the symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with chlorine.
Na(s)
Cl2(g)
NaCl(s)
(1)
(b)
(i)
Complete the diagrams below to show the electronic structures of a sodium and a
chlorine atom. (Atomic number of sodium = 11 and chlorine = 17.)
(3)
Page 3 of 14
(ii)
When sodium reacts with chlorine the sodium atoms are changed into sodium ions
(Na+) and the chlorine atoms are changed into chlorine ions (Cl).
Explain how:
1.
2.
(c)
The element potassium is in the same group of the Periodic Table as sodium. Potassium
reacts with chlorine to make potassium chloride which is sometimes used instead of
common salt in cooking.
(i)
Why the reaction of potassium with chlorine is similar to the reaction of sodium
with chlorine.
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(1)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
The equations below show the reactions which take place in experiment 2.
(i)
H2O(1)
H +(aq)
OH (aq)
2H+(aq)
2e
H 2(g)
2Cl(aq)
2e
Cl2(g)
(ii)
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(B)
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(1)
(Total 15 marks)
Q3.
Calcium tablets are taken to build and maintain strong bones and teeth.
(a)
) + H2O(
) + CO2(
Page 5 of 14
(i)
(ii)
The calcium salt that is formed is absorbed during digestion. What is the name of the
calcium salt?
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(1)
(b)
The volume of carbon dioxide produced by one calcium tablet in the stomach can be found
as shown.
The volume of carbon dioxide was recorded every 30 seconds until the reaction stopped.
(i)
Time in seconds
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
Volume of gas in
cm3
24
36
46
52
56
59
60
60
(3)
Page 6 of 14
(ii)
(iii)
A calculation, using the mass of this tablet, showed that 80 cm3 of carbon dioxide
would be produced if the tablet was pure calcium carbonate. What do the results
show about the purity of the tablet? Explain your answer by calculating the purity of
this tablet.
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Q4.
Complete the balanced chemical equation for this reaction by writing in the formula of
the missing product.
2H2O2 2............... + O2
(1)
(ii)
The decomposition is much faster if manganese oxide is mixed with the hydrogen
peroxide. Complete the sentence.
Manganese oxide acts as a ................................... for decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide.
(1)
Page 7 of 14
(b)
The results show the volume of oxygen collected during six minutes.
Time in minutes
34.5
47.5
54.5
58.5
60.0
60.0
(i)
(3)
(ii)
Page 8 of 14
(iii)
(c)
In a second experiment water had been added to the hydrogen peroxide solution. Again 50
cm 3 of this hydrogen peroxide solution was mixed with 1g of manganese oxide.
(i)
For this second experiment, sketch, on the same grid, a graph line you would expect
to get.
(2)
(ii)
In this second experiment, why would the rate of reaction be different to the first
experiment?
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q5.
(a)
The student knew that calcium oxide could be made by heating limestone. Limestone
contains calcium carbonate, CaCO3.
(i)
(ii)
Page 9 of 14
(b)
The student knew that copper sulphate, CuSO4, could be made by the following general
reaction.
(ii)
The base used is copper oxide. Name and give the chemical formula of the acid
used.
Name ................................................................................................................
Chemical formula .............................................................................................
(2)
(c)
The student wrote about how the copper sulphate was made.
Some of the acid was warmed. Copper oxide was added. The mixture was stirred. More
copper oxide was added until no more would react. The mixture was then filtered.
(i)
(ii)
Copper oxide was added until no more would react. Explain why.
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(2)
Page 10 of 14
(iii)
Q6.
The diagram shows the main parts of an instrumental method called gas chromatography
linked to mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).
This method separates a mixture of compounds and then helps to identify each of the
compounds in the mixture.
(a)
(ii)
is the relative molecular mass of each of the compounds in the mixture measured?
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(1)
Page 11 of 14
(b)
(i)
Athletes sometimes take drugs because the drugs improve their performance. One
of these drugs is ephedrine.
Ephedrine has the formula:
C10H15NO
What relative molecular mass (M r) would be recorded by GC-MS if ephedrine was
present in a blood sample taken from an athlete?
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
Relative atomic masses: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16.
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Relative molecular mass = .....................................
(2)
(ii)
(c)
Page 12 of 14
(d)
When a blood sample is taken from an athlete the sample is often split into two portions.
Each portion is tested at a different laboratory.
Suggest why.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 13 of 14
Page 14 of 14