Power Transmission and Distribution Solutions 2.

6 Grid Access Solutions for Decentralized Power Generation

System and design studies, engineering The nal design and specication of all equipment to be installed are veried by system and design studies. Important steps to achieve nal design criteria include determining an optimized economical network within a system of generating units, integrating this system within the grid, dening and conguring grid components, carrying out load ow studies and short-circuit calculations for the entire system. Moreover, an earthing concept and coordination of the insulation for the entire grid connection must also be dened. The static and dynamic characteristics must be checked and the reactive power compensation dened (static and dynamic). The resonance phenomenon for all elements should be investigated, from the transmission system itself to cables, transformers, reactors, wind turbines and capacitor banks. Compatibility and conformity with grid code requirements must be established, as well as a control and protection system. High-Voltage Offshore Platform Siemens Wind Power Offshore Substation ( WIPOS) is the optimal solution that ensures long-term offshore operation. With WIPOS, Siemens marks an innovative role in the design, engineering and installation of offshore platforms (see section 2.6.1 References). In the offshore wind industry, the word platform reects two construction entities, namely the topside where all the highvoltage, medium-voltage and operational equipment are installed, and the foundation entity which serves as the base for the topside. Siemens offers optimized designs for both entities by joining workforces with offshore, maritime and shipyard experts. WIPOS (g. 2.6-3) serves as an interface between the wind turbines and the mainland, whereby power harvested from wind is bundled and then passes through the export cables to reach the point of connection onshore.

Grid access solutions are custom-engineered solutions for decentralized generating units and remote loads. They are an essential part of Smart Grid and Super Grid developments (refer to chapter 1). Grid access solutions involve reconciling contrasting parameters, such as high reliability, low investment costs and efcient transmission, in the best possible solution. For example, in the design of high-voltage offshore platforms for offshore wind farm connections to the grid (g. 2.6-1), special attention is paid to intelligent collection systems at the mediumvoltage level, followed by the design of the high-voltage transmission system and the onshore receiving substation and its reactive compensation to meet local grid code requirements. Turnkey proposition and project execution By offering a turnkey solution (g. 2.6-2), Siemens provides a holistic setup of a complex project involving project administration, design and engineering services, subcontracting, procurement and expediting of equipment, inspection of equipment prior to delivery, shipment, transportation, control of schedule and quality, pre-commissioning and completion, performanceguarantee testing, and training of owners operating and/or maintenance personnel. For both AC and DC transmission technologies, Siemens offers a broad range of solutions. The technical constraints of a decentralized generating unit or remote loads in connection with AC or DC transmission systems are well known and addressed accordingly. The engineering expertise of Siemens is all inclusive from the conceptual and basic design to digital and real-time simulations, therefore assuming responsibility for presenting the solution to the grid owner which is essential in executing such projects.

Fig. 2.6-1: A comprehensive overview for both AC and DC offshore wind grid connections

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Siemens Energy Sector Power Engineering Guide Edition 7.0