Key

10.7A-11.2D

10.7 'Do' as a full verb

10.7A Forms and uses of 'do' as an auxiliary and as a full verb Write 1: 11 29 3j 4h 5k 6d 7a 8f 12b 13i 9m 10c l l e

10.7C Context 1 did 2 don't 3 do 4 d o 5 done 6 rnade 7doing 8 d o 9 make l O d o

11 Modal auxiliaries and related verbs

11.1 The two uses of modal verbs
11.1 A The first use of modal verbs (1) l c 2f 3d 4a 5b 6e 11.1 8 The first use of modal verbs (2) Must is not possible in the following: 2 have had to 4 had had to 5 had to 6 haven't had to 7 having to 11.1 C The second use of modal verbs 1 certain 2 very uncertain 3 fairly certain 4 almost certain 5 fairly certain 6 almost certain 7 fairly certain 8 very uncertain 9 almost certain 11.1 D Context 1 MayICan 2 must be 3 am 4 must have 5 couldn't 6 can't 7 must/can 8 have had to 9 haven't been able to 10 canlmay

Write 2: 1 What are you doing? 2 ... she never does the washing up 3 No, don't do that 4 What is that flowerpot doing ...? 5 do theltheir washing 6 ... when you've done that 7 How does he do it? 8 he doesn't do any reading 9 What have you done? 10 What are those suitcases doing ...? 11 I've been doing a bit of gardening 12 What's that car doing ...? 13 I've already done so. 10.78 'Do' and 'make' compared one's best, business with someone, an do: experiment, research, one's hair, something for a living, an impression (= imitate), somebody a service. make: an appointment, an arrangement, an attempt, a noise, something for a living, progress, an impression (= impress), a journey, a fortune, war. Possible answers 1 You should always try to do your best. 2 1 must make an appointment to see the dentist. 3 We do a lot of business with your firm. 4 We did a very interesting experiment in chemistry today. 5 I've made an arrangement to meet him on Thursday. 6 Mary does research into the causes of acid rain. 7 Mr Stuart does my hair once a fortnight. 8 1 made several attempts to start the car before I phoned the garage. 9 Don't make a noise! We don't want to wake the children. 10 What does Tom do for a living? - Tom makes toys for a living. 11 Janet has made excellent progress this term. 12 He does very funny impressions of famous people. She has made a good impression in her new job. 13 Will you do me a service and take this to the post office? 14 He has just made a journey to the village where he was born. 15 You can make a fortune in the antiques business these days. 16 The Persians were always making war against the Greeks.

11.2 Uses of modals (etc.) to express ability and inability

11.2A Expressing present and past ability: 'can' and 'be able to' 1 can 2 can't 3 can 4 couldlwas able to ... can 5 Can ... can't 6 couldn't 7 couldlwas able to1 managed to 8 was able tolmanaged to 9 couldn't/ wasn't able to 10 were able tolmanaged to 11.28 'Canlcould' with verbs of perception: 'I can see' 1 Can you see 2 l can smell 3 I could understand 4 Could you understand 5 l can't see 6 I couldn't understand 11.2C Ability in tenses other than the present and the past 1 will be able to 2 haven't been able to 3 would have been able to 4 had been able to 5 will be able to 6 being able to 7 be able to 8 had been able to 11.2D 'Can/could' in place of 'is often' and 'was often' 1 The sea can be 2 She can be 3 She could be 4 It can be 5 He could be

Key

11.2E-11.4C

11.2E Context 1 had not been able tolhad been unable to 2 could onlylhad only been able to 3 could 4 were able tolmanaged to 5 couldlwould be able to1 would manage to 6 couldlwas able tolwere able to 7 CanIDo

11.4 Uses of modals (etc.) to express

certainty and possibility

11.4A Certainty and possibility Write 1: 1C 2P 3C 4P 5C 6P 7C 8P 9C 10P 11C 12P 13C 14P Write 2: He may/might/could be at home now. He may/might/could be at home tomorrow. He may/might/could have been at home yesterday. She may/might/could leave at 9 . She may/might/could leave tomorrow. She may/might/could have left. She may/might/could have left last night. She may/might/could have left by 9. He may/might/could be working today. He may/might/could be working today. He may/might/could have been working today. He may/might/could have been working all day. Write 3: Possible answers He may/might/could be at home. He may/might/could have been at home. He may/might/could be at home. It may/might/could leave at 10. It may/might/could have left at 10. She may/might/could be working. She may/might/could have been working. She may/might/could be working. She may/might/could have been working. He may/might/could have had tea and toast. She may/might/could have parked in the car park. It may/might/could have cost 15,000. 11.48 Certain and uncertain answers t o questions Possible answers 1 (Yes,) she may (do). 2 She might live in London. 3 (Yes,) he could have (done). 4 He might have caught the 8.30. 5 (Yes,) they might be. 6 They might be living abroad. 7 (Yes,) he may have (done). 8 He could have finished work at 4.30. 9 (Yes,) I could (do). 10 I may leave tomorrow. 11.4C Context Possible answers 1 can 2 may 3 may 4 might 5 might 6 could 7 could 8 might 9 might 10 could

11.3 Uses of modals (etc.) to express permission and prohibition

11.3A Asking for permission with 'can', 'could', 'may' and 'might' Possible answers 1 Can I make myself some coffee (please)? 2 CouldIMay I use yourlthe lavatory, please? 3 1 wonder if I might (possibly) see your garden? 4 Could I (possibly) make a phone call (please)? 5 Do you think I could (possibly) borrow your car? 11.38 Giving and refusing permission1Expressing prohibition Possible answers 1 You may not smoke. (This notice is trying to sound polite.) 2 You are not allowed to camp or picnic here. 3 You are forbidden to fish here. 4 You may camp here. 5 This is private (property). You are not permitted to enter. 6 You mustn't lean out of the window. 7 You can leave your litter here. 8 You can't stop here. 11.3C Permissionlprohibition i n tenses other than present and future 1 were allowed to 2 was never allowed to 3 has only been allowed to 4 has just been allowed to 5 have not been allowed to 6 had not allowed him to 11.3D 'Can' (= ability) and 'canlcould' (= have permission, be free to) Can is possible in the following: 2 We can go 3 She can drive 5 I can play 6 You can use 11.3E Context Possible answers 1 Am I allowed to 2 can 3 can't 4 mustn't 5 will be allowed to 6 can't 7 could