CHM 096

TUTORIAL 2 (Chemical Equilibrium)

Jan 2013

1.

Write the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for each of the following reactions: a) b) c) d) e) f) 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate to solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. 4HCl(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) + 2Cl2(g) 2NO2(g) + 7H2(g) 4H2O(l) + 2NH3(g) H2O(g) + C(s) CO(g) + H2(g) The reduction of solid copper (II) oxide with hydrogen gas to produce copper metal and water at o 500 C. 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) are 2.50, 1.35 x 105 and 8.70 moles respectively in a 12-L flask. Calculate the equilibrium constant 7 Kc. (1.08 x 10 )

2.

The number of moles of H2, O2, and H2O present at equilibrium for the reaction:

3.

The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction: 2HCl(g) H2(g) + Cl2(g) is 0.0213 at 400 C. If 20.0 o moles of HCl(g) are heated at 400 C, what amounts of HCl(g), H2(g) and Cl2(g) would be present in the equilibrium mixture? (H2 = Cl2 = 2.26 moles; HCl = 15.48 moles)
o

4.

The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction: 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) is 2.24 x 10 at 1273 C. Calculate the Kp for the reaction at the same temperature. 20 (1.76 x 10 )
22 o

5.

A 2.50 mole sample of NOCl was placed in a 1.50-L container at 400 C. When equilibrium has established, it was found that 28% NOCl has dissociated according to the reaction: 2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc (0.0356)

6.

Consider the reaction: H2(g) + CO2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g) 0.80 mole of H2 and 0.80 mole of CO2 are placed in a 5-dm container at 1650 C. At equilibrium, 0.25 mole of CO was found in the equilibrium mixture. Calculate the equilibrium constant K c. (0.2)
3 o

7.

For the reaction:

2NO2(g) N2O4(g) , the value of Kc is 0.5 at 450 C.

o o

A 1-L container consists of 2.0 moles NO2 and 2.0 mole N2O4 450 C. Is the mixture at equilibrium? If not, in which direction must the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium? 8. Kc and Kc are the equilibrium constants for reactions I and II respectively. I. II. a) b) c) 9. 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g) /2 H2(g) + N2(g) NH3(g)

Write the equilibrium constant expressions for Kc and for Kc . Derive a mathematical relationship between Kc and Kc . A reaction vessel contains an equilibrium mixture of 0.11 M N 2(g), 1.91 M H2(g) and 0.25 M NH3(g) o at 500 C. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc for reaction I. (0.082) Calculate also the equilibrium constant, Kc for reaction II. (0.29)
4 o

For the reaction: 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g), Kp is 6.5 x 10 at 35 C. At equilibrium, the partial pressure PNO = 0.35 atm and PCl2 = 0.10 atm. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of NOCl. (28.2 atm)

10.

For the reaction: C(s) + 2H2(g) CH4(g), Kp is 0.262 at 1000 C. At equilibrium, the partial pressure PH2 = 1.22 atm. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of CH4(g). (0.39 atm)
o

11.

1.0 mole of PBr5 is added to a 1-dm container at 200 C and is allowed to attain equilibrium according to the reaction: PBr5(g) PBr3(g) + Br2(g) The equilibrium mixture contains 0.61 mole of PBr5(g) a) b) Calculate the partial pressure of each of the components in the container. (PPBr5 = 23.7 atm; PPBr3 = 15.15 atm) Calculate the Kp for the reaction. (Kp = 9.68)

12.

Phosgene gas (COCl2) is a highly toxic chemical. 3.00 x 102 mol of the gas was placed in a 1.50-L container. It was heated to 800K. An equilibrium is established: COCl2 (g) CO(g) + Cl2(g) The equilibrium pressure of CO was 0.497 atm. Calculate: a) b) the number of mol of CO in the equilibrium mixture. the equilibrium constant Kc and Kp.

(0.01135 mol, 4.60 x 103, 0.302)

13.

Consider the reversible system: 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g) Predict the direction of equilibrium shift: a) b) if a small amount of Cl2(g) is introduced into the mixture at equilibrium. if the volume of the container is doubled. Predict the effect of decreasing temperature on the equilibrium system: N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO2(g) b) H = +66 kJ

14.

a)

N2(g) and O2(g) are both colourless, while NO2(g) is dark brown. Would you expect the colour of the mixture becomes darker or lighter as the temperature is lowered? H = 92.5 kJ

15.

Consider the equilibrium system : PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) Predict the effect on the equilibrium if: a) b) c) d) the equilibrium system is heated the volume of the container is decreased PCl3 is removed continuously Some argon gas (Ar) is added.

16.

Methane is formed by the reaction: C(s) + 2H2(g) CH4(g). H = 75 kJ Which of the following changes would increase the proportion of methane at equilibrium? a) b) c) d) increase the pressure increase the temperature add a catalyst add more carbon, C(s)
o

17.

For the reaction: 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g) , the equilibrium constant Kc = 1.2 at 375 C. A mixture o containing [H2] = 0.76 M, [N2] = 0.60 M, and [NH3] = 0.48 M was heated to 375 C. a) b) What is the Kc value for the reaction: 2NH3(g) 3H2(g) + N2(g) ? Which component gases would show a decrease in concentration at equilibrium? (0.833)

18.

Gas XY is produced by the reaction between gas X 2 and gas Y2 according to the equation: X2(g) + Y2(g) 2XY(g) In one experiment, 1.0 mole each of X2 and Y2 was mixed at 20 atm and 400 C in a container of 1 3 dm . At equilibrium, 0.8 mole of XY was found in the equilibrium mixture. The experiment was o repeated at 800 C at the same pressure, and 0.6 mole of XY was found in the equilibrium mixture. a) b) c) Is the reaction between X2 and Y2 endothermic or exothermic? o What is the value of Kc at 400 C? (Kc = 1.78) o Would you expect the value of Kc at 800 C to be larger or smaller or the same compared to that o at 400 C?
o o

19.

The following equilibrium system is set up in a closed container. The K c value is 46.9 at 400 C. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) H = 113 kJ

Use the Le Chateliers Principle to decide whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. a) b) c) d) e) f) 20. When some H2 is injected into the equilibrium mixture, the equilibrium position shifts to the right. o Adjusting the temperature to 100 C will produce more HCl. Doubling the volume of the container will cause a decrease in the concentration of Cl 2. o The value of Kp = Kc at 400 C. Adding a few drops of aqueous NaOH has no effect on the equilibrium system. Adding some argon (Ar) gas will increase the concentrations of Cl2 and H2.

For the reaction: CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g) , the values of Kc at different temperatures are given below. Kc = 1.78 x 10 Kc = 4.68 x 10
3 2

at 800 C at 1000 C
o o

Kc = 5.67 at 1500 C a) b) 21. At which temperature would you expect the concentrations of products to be the highest? Is the forward reaction endothermic or exothermic? H = 75 kJ

Methane is formed by the reaction: C(s) + 2H2(g) CH4(g). a) b) c) d) removing H2. increasing the pressure increasing the temperature adding more carbon, C(s) C(s) + CO2(g) 2CO(g)

What would be the effect, if any, of each of the following changes on the equilibrium position?

22.

Consider the equilibrium system: At 900 C, Kc is 0.238.

o

H = +172.5 kJ

a) What is the value of Kp? (22.9) b) How will the system respond if additional amount of solid carbon are added? Why? c) What effect dose an increase in the volume of the reaction vessel have on the position of equilibrium? d) What would happen to the value of Kc if the temperature is raised?