2

Work, Energy and Power

1) Turning forces concept, moment of force; forces in equilibrium, centre of gravity (discussions using simple examples and simple direct problems). . (iv) Work, energy, power, and their relation with force (simple numerical problems included)

3) Different types of energy (e.g., chemical energy, gravitational-potential energy, kinetic energy, nuclear energy, heat energy, elastic energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, sound energy, light energy). 4) Principle of conservation of energy.

0AConcise
FORMULAS
(1) Kinetic energy (K.E.)

(2) Work (3) Work

done done

(W) (W)

= Force (F) Displacement (d). = F d cos .

mv2.

Work (W)
(4) Power (P)
=

done

mgh
ti me

FS
=

Time

(5) Energy

(E) (P.E.)

= Power (t) .

(P)

t a k e t) n

(t

(6) Potential energy Efficiency ()

(7)

= m h.
=

g Useful work

Power
p
2

input

or

Power

rating

=
(8) K.E. (9) Conservation of momentum

2m
+

m1 u1 (10) Power law of conservation of

m u2 = m1v1 + 2 = F o r c e speed

m v2 2 Average v.

11)By Types of

0P = F of energy P.E. = K.E. and their mechanical

Transformation

Energy into

Examples energy :

: Electric fan,

1) Electrical energy electric motor.

2) Electric

energy

into

light

and

heat

energy

Filament

lamp.

3) 4) 5) 6)

Heat energy into mechanical energy : Steam engine. Light energy into electrical energy : Photo cell. Mechanical energy into electrical energy : Dynamo. Electrical energy into sound energy : Loud speaker. energy into electrical energy : Microphone.

7) Sound

8) Conversion of part of nuclear mass into heat energy : Nuclear reaction. 9) Light energy into chemical photographic film exposed.
10) Heat energy changes into

energy

:
:

Photosynthesis
Burning of

and

electrical

energy

coal.

11)Chemical energy of the pasted chemical converts into heat and light energy : Striking a match box with a match stick.
12) Electrical energy changes to potential energy : In electrolysis.

13)Potential energy changes to electrical energy : P.E. of stored water in dam changes into electrical energy in generators.
14) Kinetic 15) Chemical energy energy changes changes to to heat heat energy energy : : Water Food freezes digested in by fridge. animal.

16)K.E. changes to P.E. changes to K.E. : Thrown stone vertically above stopes at height then comes downwards. 17)Chemical energy changes to light energy : Magnesium ribbon burns in air. Units of Some Quantities Quantities (1) Force, Weight (i) (ii) Units Newton (105 Dynes) o kg.m/sec2. r Dyne or g System S.I.
C.G.S.

(2) Force (3) Momentum (4) Work done or energy

cm/sec2. 1 g.f. = 980 (iii) dynes (iv) 1 kg.f. = 98 (i) Newton sec. (ii) Dyne sec. (i) Joule (ii) Erg (iii) 1 J 1 Mega joule = 106 J 1 Giga joule = 109 J Joule/sec. or Watt. 1 K i l o wa t t = 3 1 0 watt 1 M e g a wa t t watt 1 G i g a wa t t watt 1 Ho r s e po w e r w a t t.
1 Kilo watt hour = 36

N.

C.G.S. S.I. S.I. C.G.S. S.I. C.G.S.

(107 Kilo

ergs) joule =
310

Bigger

units

(5) Power

(i) (ii)

S.I.

= = =

10 Bigger units 10 7 46
6 J

(6) Consumed

(iii)
(i)

S.I.

10

energy

(ii)

1 Watthour J.

3600
S.I.

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