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TRANSMISSION BY PULLEYS AND BELTS Thalles Rezende de Oliveira ABSTRACT pulleys mechanical elements are circular, w ith or without peripheral channels, coupled to shafts and driven by machinery an d equipment. For a pulley work is necessary the presence of links called belts. There are several types of pulleys, and for each type there is a strap that atta ches to it perfectly. The transfer of power in the set can only occur as a resul t of friction between belt and pulley. To achieve this friction, one must assemb le the set with an initial tension to compress the belt on the pulley evenly. In its simplest form the belt transmission comprises a pair of pulleys, a motor (a ttached to the motor shaft) and another driven or moved, and one or more belts. Key words: transmission, pulleys and belts. Work of the student's 1st period of Mechanical Engineering of UnilesteMG on the Interdisciplinary Program - PI - First Half of 2006. Orientation: Prof. Gileno A . Oliveira. 11 INTRODUCTION This paper aims to present the belts and pulleys as transmission elements of movement and power, its peculiarities, characteristics and uses inno vations. The keen awareness of such transmission, it is necessary, as it is gain ing more space in the industry due to ease of maintenance, cleaning and low cost . 1.1 Sheaves pulleys mechanical elements are circular, with or without peripher al channels, coupled to shafts and driven by machinery and equipment. For a pull ey work is necessary the presence of links called belts. When operational, pulle ys and belts may transfer or transform motion from one point to another machine. There will always be power transfer. The materials that are used for the constr uction of the pulleys are cast iron (most used), steels, alloys and synthetic ma terials. The surface of the pulley must not exhibit porosity, because otherwise, the belt will wear out quickly. Belts Belts are 1.2 parts of machinery which is to make the link between the two pulleys and transmit force and motion by frict ion with the pulley. The materials used in the manufacture of belts are: rubber, leather, and synthetic fibrous materials based on cotton, viscose; perlon; and nylon materials combined with a basis of leather and synthetic. Most of the belt s used in industrial machines are those consisting of rubber-coated canvas. Thes e belts have cords vulcanized inside to withstand the tensile forces. Prince 2 T YPES OF BELTS AND PULLEYS pulley types are determined by the shape of the surfac e on which the belt is presented. 2.1 pulley pulleys flat plane can have two for mats in its contact surface. This surface can be flat or domed. The best preserv ed flat pulley belts, pulley with curved surface and better guide the belts, ie keeps the belt centered. Such a belt, which is one of the oldest used to transmi t power from one tree to another, it is preferable in many transmissions, where the following characteristics are advantageous: low initial cost, flexible (thus absorbing shocks and vibrations), suitable for large distances between the cent ers of the pulleys, long lasting, quiet running, sliding when an overload occurs (within certain 2intensity). The broadcasts, designed to properly operate indefinitely with a lit tle maintenance, since the belt tension is maintained properly. 2.2 The pulley P ulley trapezoidal trapezoidal (or pulley with''V'') is so named because the area where the belt sits, shows how to trapeze. These pulleys should be provided wit h conduits (or channels) and are sized according to the standard profile of the belt to be used. To properly work the pulleys must not wear the canals, cracked edges, dented, rusted or porosity, and shall provide the channels free of grease , oil or paint and properly sized to receive the straps. May be cited as advanta ges of transmission belts and pulleys with''V''in the low cost of maintenance, o peration that is low voltage (bringing not overload the bearings), easy installa

tion, high tensile and bending and the fact that skating is not easy. 2.3 Pulley The pulley round round can also be called a pulley for belts or pulleys to roun d steel wire, this because the element that makes the bond between the two pulle ys can be either a belt as a steel cable. It is quite common that their use in i ndustrial cranes. 2.April Pulley Another type of gear used is the idler pulley s procket for cases in which there can be no sliding, as the camshaft of an automo bile. Figure 1: synchronous belt and its pulley. Source: Booklet Elements of Machines Tele Course in 2000. 3The toothed belts are made of rubber and steel wire to withstand axial stresses. Have teeth that fit into the toothed belt pulleys, to ensure no slip or stretch . 2.4.1 Special Features: coating the teeth: the coating of the teeth is made wi th nylon fabric, which provides abrasion resistance and low coefficient of frict ion. This coating assures the belt a longer life, usually becoming, over time of use, and polished with characteristics similar to cement. Back: The back of the belt is made of chloroprene rubber, and aims to protect the element of traction against oils, dirt and moisture, in addition to abrasion resistance to the use of ropes and / or drive with the outside of belt. Traction element: the elements of tension are made of fiberglass, twisted, with extreme tensile strength and e xcellent flexibility, not allowing the elongation of the belt. Teeth: teeth mold ed, also polychloroprene, semicircular or trapezoidal in shape, are precisely sh aped and spaced to coincide perfectly with the grooves of the pulleys. The shear strength is greater even than the tensile strength of the evidence, when six or more teeth are. 2.4.2 Main advantages of toothed belts: It le ens Slip transmits power at a constant rate of speed work in a broad range of sp eed efficiency between 97% and 99% do not need lubrication Quiet operation 42.5 Representation in technical design of various types of pulleys 5Table 1: Sheaves and their representation in technical drawings. Source: Booklet Elements of Machines Tele Course in 2000. 2.6 typical damage that the belt can suffer It is possible to summarize the damage they may suffer a belt listed the problems, their probable causes and recommended solutions: Trouble with webbing Slippage Cracks cuts in spending cuts pulley Outer layer side Disruption Causes Exposure time forced contact with pulley; obstruction, contact with other materi als. Pulley moved prey, insufficient voltage. Overruns excessive dirt. constants ; Solutions Protect, change the belts. Properly install and check the length of the belt, remove obstruction. Tighten properly; clean and loosen the pulley atta ched. Tighten properly; align the system, protecting. Resize properly install th e system, operate properly. Align the system, changing the pulleys. Provide vent ilation Pulley nonstandard loads excessive momentary slip or misaligned pulleys, pulley slippage expended; excessive vibration and Environment Hardening premature crack s with high temperatures Tighten Belts momentary loads properly sequeal (wheezin g) excessive stretching too worn pulleys, tension pulleys Change; excessive tens ion; system properly, check short (quantities of the belt webbing is correct in terms of design sizes. Vibration excessive voltage insufficient Tension cords da maged. properly, replace the belts. Belts Belt too long or wrong; Place belt sys tem correct, very short in incorrect installation; stretcher check equipment. in sufficient. Table 1: Damage in typical straps. Source: Booklet Elements of Machi nes 2000 Tele Course 2.7 Advantages of transmission belts for other types of tra nsmission 6The main advantages found in belts transmissions happen because of the element t

o be flexible, have no moving parts and have the principle of transmission frict ion. Thus, we can cite as advantages over other methods of transmission: Securit y: belt transmission offers shock protection (due to sliding), vibration (depend ing on the element to be flexible) and overload (also due to sliding). In the ca se of shock and / or overload exceeds the frictional force, sliding occurs the b elt, thus protecting the motor system, which does not occur in the transmission chains and gears. Economy: The belt drive is more economical than any other type of transmission, both in installation costs, as maintenance, since the price of belts manufactured in series is not high, the mechanism does not require lubric ation (as required by current and gear) and replace worn belts is made easily an d economically. It also has an economy of production downtime, since the straps can be replaced in a convenient and fast. Versatility: The transmissions belts can be designed with large reductions to large rotations and multiplications, in the same facility, with one belt, one can obtain different gear ratios, simply put the belt, sometimes a pair, sometimes in another pair of pulleys. Furthermor e, the transmission speeds can be achieved with rotations in the same direction. Convenience: A transfer is safe from vibrations that can be observed in the tra nsmissions gears. This is because the belts are flexible. 3 CONCLUSION Due to it s wide application in industry, pulleys and belts, are important elements in mec hanics. Check the alignment between the pulleys, the chain plans to adequately p rotect the whole, do not associate the new belts pulleys old, are attitudes that contribute to the transmission has a longer life, without risk of accidents. RE FERENCES Booklet 4 Elements of Machines Tele Course 2000; classes 23, 24 and 28. http://www.mecanica.pucminas.br/elementos/correias.doc http://ltodi.est.ips.pt/ rmendes/ Elementos_de_Maquinas/Capitulo9.PDF http://www.bosch.com.br/br/ auto pa rts / services / downloads / correias.pdf http://www.urisan.tche.br/ ~ ajsouza / elementos.htm 7TRANSMISSION AND BELTS FOR pulleys Thalles Rezende de Oliveira SUMMARY pulleys are circular mechanical elements, wi th or without outlying channels, coupled to motor axes and moved by machines and equipments. For a pulley to Work Is Necessary the presence of bonds called belt s. There are Several types of pulleys, and, for each type Perfectly That joins t he belt to her exists. The potency transmission in the group alone is verified P ossible existent due to the attrition Between pulley and belt. To obtain this at trition, the group Should Be set up with an initial tension That Will compress t he belt on the pulley in an uniform way. In his / her simpler form for the trans mission belts is composed by a pair of pulleys, to motivate one (fastened to the axis of the motor) and driven or moved another, and an or more belts. Key - wor ds: Transmission, pulleys and belts. 8