Unit 11 ‫بعيدا عن الطريق المطروق‬

Border ‫حدود‬ Antiquities ‫أثار‬ Millennium Gazelle ‫الغزل‬

Fortress ‫قلعة‬ Depression ‫منخفض‬ Allege ‫يدعي‬ Worship ‫بعيد‬
Landscape ‫منظر طبيعي‬ Monastery ‫الدير‬ Chapel ‫ كنسية‬// Gouges ‫سجاجيد‬
Legends ‫أساطير‬ Oracle ‫الكاهن‬ Hawk ‫الصقر‬ Protect ‫يحمي‬
Remotest ‫البعد‬ Pulley ‫دوافع‬ Regions ‫مناطق‬ Berber ‫البريد‬

GENERAL NOTES ‫ملحظــات عــــــامـــــــــة‬

1 - Chinese are said to ....... People say that Hussan has contracted to play for Zamalik
= Hussam Hassan is said to have contracted to play for Zamalik .
2 – It was produced commercially . They exported it in a commercial way .
( Use : commercially ) They exported it commercially .
3 - By mixing = When we mix
Yara can make ice cream by mixing ice with fruit juice .
Yara can make ice cream when we mix ice with fruit juice .
4 – Start making = Start to make
They stated making a delicious food . They started make a delicious food .
5 – Who ( …… Who ……. ) Hussam Hassan , who played for Al – Ahly ,
contracted to play Zamalik .
‫ ثم يأتي (و) متبوعة‬//// ‫ ) في هذه الجملة مسبوقة بـ ( و ) ثم يأتي بعدها فعل و تكون هي‬who ( ‫فقط استخدم‬
. ‫بفعل الجملة الذي فاعله في أول الجملة الكبيرة‬
Correct :-
1 – The new singer is famous . He is ( popular ) than the first one .
2 – Adel Halim Hafiz was the ( popular ) siger in the Arab world .
3 – They produced it ( commercial ) .
4 – He ( decision ) to play for Al- Zamalik .
5 – He became very popular ( quick ) .
6 – They started ( make ) it commercially .
7 – This product is ( sell ) in the supermarkets .
8 – You can make ice cream by (mix) ice , juice and sugar .
9 – Ice cream is ( eat )everywhere .
10 – The cream Egyptians ( say that they treated) poisonous bites with some plants .
Remember :-
( 1) Adjectives ending in ( -ed / -d )
Some adjectives can be formed from verbs by addimg (-d) (-ed) or using the (PP ):
‫ ) أو التصريف الثالث من‬regular ( ‫ ) إلي الفعال‬ed /d ( ‫تتكون بعض الصفات من الفعال بإضافة‬
. ) irreguler ( ‫الفعال‬
Form :
Verb + - ed /d
OR \: past Participle ‫تصريف الثالث‬

Examples :
 Verb Adjective
Modify Modified
Process Processed
Engineer Engineered

Examples in phrases :
Modified crops - processed food genetically engineered food
2 – By ……… ‫إذا‬ = If ……… ‫ لـو‬/ ‫إذا‬
‫ ) بينما يتبع الثانية‬v + ing ( ‫ ) و يأتي بعد الولي‬If ( ‫ ) في المعني ما تؤديه أداة الشرط‬By ( ‫تؤدي كلمة‬
-: ‫( فاعل ) و فعل حسب القاعدة‬
Form :-
By Verb – ing
By Modifying
If Subject Verb
If Scientists Modify
Examples :-
By modifying the genes, scientists increase ……..
If scientists modify the genes , they will increase …..
Correct :-
1 – Our grandfathers were (nomad) hunters .
2 – The cells of all living things contain ( genetics )
3 – By ( play ) well, they will win the cup .
4 – Changing the characteristics of the plant or animal is ( gene ) engineering .
5 – Many people argue that GM food is ( natural ) .
6 – We have ( by ) eating GM food for years .
7 – Most of out foods now contain ( genetic ) engineered ingredients .
8 – Consumers need ( inaccurate ) labelling on food .
9 – We should ( do ) our decision about GM food .
10 – The Nile used to flood most ( farmers ) fields every year .
HOW TO WRITE AN ARTICLE
An Article is composed of different paragraphs :-
Each paragraph has and idea .
1 – The first paragraph introduces the subject .
2 – The second paragraph arguments are put for or against an idea .
3 – In the third paragraph a writer concludes the article showing a summary of his ideas .
An example of a short Article :-
How to Solve the Problem of Famines in poor Countries
Today , more and more people are starving from hunger poor countries are suffering from
serious famines . The people are increasing rapidly while the agricultural areas are decreasing
because of many reasons . So , rich countries should cooperate to help these poor countries . Crops
are decreasing because of plant diseases and pests . Lack of water is also a main cause of famines .
Lack of never farming methods agriculture in these poor countries . Rich countries should supply
poor countries with the effective insecticides and pesticides . Modern machine should be given to
them to help them apply modern farming methods . Finally , by spraying the diseased crops
farmers cat increase their productions . Vegetables and fruits will he available . People will no
longer be hungry and will not sulk from serious and deadly famines .

With the help of the meaning given against each word, fill in the
missing letters :-
 1 – r __ g __ __ ns parts of the world
2 - __ h __ p __ I a small church
3 – d __ v __I __ p become larger
4 – p __ __ r __ __ h the title of the ruler of ancient Egypt
5 – or __ __ I __ a priest or monk
6 – s __ w __ __ s natives of Siwa
Write a paragraph of 8 sentences about why tourists come to visit Egypt
Guiding points :-
1 – to enjoy the warm sunny weather of the winter .
2 – to go sightseeing visiting places of interest .
3 – to visit resorts of the Red Sea .
4 – to practise water sport .
Read the following then complete the notes below :-
It is predicted that the land in the Qattara depression will have a bright future . It lies in the
western Desert south of the Mediterranean sea . A canal can be dug from the Nile to it and a huge
lake can be formed . Its barren land will, therefore , be cultivated and it will provide Egypt with
many useful crops. Moreover, there will be pastures where cattle and sheep can be raised , In this
way , our wealth of animals will increase .

1 . The depression’s position ………………………..

2 . How to get water …………………………………
3 – Cultivation and animal breeding ………………..

THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH The phonetic Symbols

/Id / / ea /
Here , dear Hair , wear
. ‫ ) يختلف وفقا للنطق فيها‬sounds ( ‫ ) هي نفسها في الكلمات غير أن‬vowels ( ‫يلحظ أن‬
a – Translate into Arabic :-
The new traffic law asks drivers to fasten their seat-belts Driy mustn’t use their mobile
phones while driving . They mustn’t exceed the speed limit . They should be cautious to danger
b – Translate into English :-
. ‫ أن واحة سيوه من أفضل الماكن في مصر لشراء الحلي و الملبس التقليدية للبدو و أغطيه الرأس المزينة‬- 1
. ‫ – لقد استمتع الفوج النجليزي بزيارته لسيناء و شواطئ البحر الحمر حيث الطبيعة الجميلة و سحر الشرق‬2
Read the following passage, then answer the questions :-
The third millennium witnesses various trends that affect international economies and
trade . Economic grouping , for example, aims at the formation of an economic union across the
political borders of different countries like the EU , or the European Union . Countries that
belong to the EU form one economic group where goods can flow without customs regulations or
taxes . The EU also uses a single currency which facilitates trade . Globalization is a new trend
which views the world as one whole with the same interests . For shipping industries ,
globalization means fewer formalities and therefore less time spent in ports , freer trade and
global standards for work procedures . Quality control is a trend in business and manufacturing
industries which aims to maintain the high standard of a product . Industry today depends heavily
on machines, especially computers , which save time and increase accuracy . Computers have
become essential to the future of all industries . Another trend in world economies is privatization
–the transfer from public to private ownership .This affects greatly both the domestic and
international trade . Furthermore “ It “ encourages investment and creates a sort of welfare and
prosperity .
A – Answer the following questions :-
1 – What are the new trends the world has recently witnessed ?
2 – Why does the EU use a single currency ?
3 – What is meant by ‘ quality control ‘ ?
4 – Find words in the passage which mean the same as . ( exactness – most important ) .
B – Choose the correct answer :-
5 – Globalization views the world as ( one whole with different interests – different countries
combating against each other – one entity having common interests – one entity with
different interests ) .
6 – The underlined word ‘it’ in the last paragraph refers to ( private ownership – trade –
privatization – public ownership )
7 – There are ( hardly any – very few – some – no ) restrictions on trade between countries
that belong to the EU .
Write a paragraph of eight sentences on :-
Should farmers do without chemicals ?
Why chemicals such as pesticides are necessary in farming .
Why chemicals are harmful and bad for health .
What other methods can be used instead ?
Translate into Arabic :-
Some people think that pesticides and insecticides are poison they say that farmers can
improve the quality of their soil by adding organic matter .
Translate into English :-
. ‫ يقوم المزارعون برش المحاصيل بالمبيدات الحشرية السامية‬- 1
. ‫ كان نهر النيل يجلب التربة الغنية و لم يكن هناك حاجة لستخدام السمدة الكيماوية‬، ‫ – في السنوات الماضية‬2
. ‫ – يمكن للمزارعين تحسين أراضيهم باستخدام المواد العضوية الطبيعية‬3
‫ – يفضل الناس المحاصيل التي استخدمت فيها المواد العضوية الطبيعية عن تلك استخدمت فيها المواد‬4
‫ – أن رش الحشرات و الفات بالمبيدات الحشرية أمر ضروري لمحاربتها و حماية‬5 . ‫العضوية الكيماوية‬
. ‫المحاصيل‬
EXERCISES ON : DICTIONARY WORK
Correct the verbs in brackets :-
1 – A lot of countries ( develop ) now .
2 – India ( lie ) to the west of Malaysia .
3 – The ancient Egyptians ( worship ) many gods .
4 – While I ( cut ) up my meat , I cut my finger .
5 – The school team ( beat ) at football .
6 – The hut ( stand ) alone on the edge of the field .
Put the words in brackets in the correct noun from :-
1 – He gave a full ( describe ) of the accident .
2 – The ( develop ) of poor countries takes a long time .
3 – When you first go to stay in a hotel , you must go to the ( receive ) office .
4 – It was always his ( intend ) to be a doctor .
5 – The ( worship ) of God is a must .
6 – He readlly ( travelled ) into rage when a careless driver hit his .
7 – Most people were in ( hands ) when telephones broke down in than area .
8 – He ( flew ) his top when the shop refused to give him his money back .
9 – ( Insecticide ) is a chemical that kills insects .
10 – ( Dermatitis ) is the scientific study of the skin .
11 – The farmer sprayed ( insects ) on the crops .
12 – A natural or chemical substance that is put on the land to make crops grow better is called
( insecticide ).
13 – A piece of stone is an ( organic ) material .
14 – Supermarkets have ( shelf) for organic food .
15 – Organic food is ( slight ) more expensive .
16 – Consumers are buying organic food in ( increase ) numbers .
17 – Organic farmers grow food ( nature ) .
18 – The film is based on story . It is ( irrelevant ) to it .
19 – His growing ( popular ) makes him happy .
20 – The ( conclude ) of the writer’s article was clear .
21 – Organic ( farm ) improves the quality of the soil .
22 – I am ( on ) favour of using natural matters .
23 – Organic farming methods help farmers to produce better ( crops ) yields .
Write a paragraph of eight sentences on :-
A balanced diet
Contain various vitamins / avoid too much fat sugar , or salt / proper amounts the body needs /
vegetables , fruits and meat fresh better than frozen .
Read the following letter and reply to it : -
You live at 6 Victoria Road London Nl U. K.
Dear Robert,
I’m happy to hear that you have succeeded in your examination . I’d like to invite you to
visit me in Luxor next month . The weather will be fine .It’s always warm and sunny in winter . If
you decide to come , tell me the time and number of your flight . You’ll enjoy seeing the ancient
monuments and visiting the ancient temples and tombs of Luxor .
I’m looking forward to seeing you,
Best wishes ,
Yours sincerely ,
Adel

Translate into English :-

. ‫– قضينا عطلة رائعة في شرم الشيخ‬ 1
. ‫ – كان الفندق الذي نزلنا فيه مريحا و كان العاملين فيه متعاونين و مخلصين‬2
. ‫ – تأثرنا كثيرا بالمناظر الجميلة و بالحدائق بشكل خاص‬3
Fill in the spaces with one of the words in the box .
Remotest – monastery – antiquities – massive – treasures – worship – capital – well
1 – ……………are buildings or work of art remaining from ancient times .
2 – Many ……………of gold and silver have been found in old graves in Egypt .
3 – Some trains have diesel engines .These engines have ……..and large machines .
4 – London is the ……………of Britain .
5 – Most religious people ……………..god .
6 – A …………….is a deep hole in the ground from which water or oil is obtained .
7 – It was believed , long ago , that Sinai was the ……….region in the world .
8 – Priests and monks live in a ……………where they are shut away from other people .

Infinitive constructions after passive verbs it is said that ……

 People consider ‫جمل التي تحتوي علي هذا النوع من الفعال‬
acknowledge – assume – believe – claim – consider – estimate – feel – find – know – presume
report – say – think – understand – allege
-: ‫هذه الجمل لها طريقتان عند تحويلهم إلي مبني للمجهول‬
People say that he was jealous of her .
* It was said that he was jealous of her .
* He was said to be jealous of her

that + P . P + Be + It + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ فعل‬+ ‫صفة‬

‫ فاعل‬+ Be + P.P + to be + ‫الصفة‬

‫و لكن لحــظ هذه الجملة‬

Teachers believe that he studies enough . ** It is believed that he studies enough .
To ‫و لكن عند التحويل الثاني نضع المصدر بعد‬
He is believed to study enough .
. ‫في الجرائد و الراديو و التقرير المصورة‬ Passive ‫و عادة ما نستخدم هذا النوع من‬
It is expected that …………………..………. / It was alleged ……………..……………….
It is understood ………………………………/ It is considered ……………………………..
) Prefect infinitive ( ‫لحــــــــــظ أن هذا التكوين يمكن أن يستخدم مع‬
1 – People believed that he was childish .‫أو أي فعل‬
= It was believed that he was .. or Hr was believed to be …...
2 – People know that he was childish .
It is known that he was or . He is known to have been ………………
) Suppose ( ‫و لكن لحــــــــــــظ‬
** You should kno how to drive . *** You are supposed to know how to drive .
** It is your duty to know how to drive .
** You should have finished = You are supposed to have finished .
1 - Rewrite the sentences in an alternative passive form, beginning
Your sentences with the words in italics .
1 – It is said that Ahmed is an honest , hard – working man .
2 – It is considered that this surgeon is a brilliant practitioner .
3 – It is now thought that some redundancy in the Midlands is in –evitable .
4 – It was proved that the statements he had made were false .
5 – It was understood that Mr. Khaled was willing to meet the Minister .
6 – It is believed that the chancellor is thinking of imposing special taxes to raise extra revenue .
7 – It is expected that the electricity supply will be running into surplus capacity by next year .
8 – It is reported that several American motor manufactures are planning to set up assembly
plants overseas .
9 – It is expected that the brewers will raise the price of beer in the near future .
10 – It was claimed that the drug produced no undesirable side –effects .
11 – It is said that the police acted with great restraint , despite provocation .
12 – It was alleged that the prime Minister had misled the House .
13 – It is believed that the Government has second thoughts on this problem .
14 – It was believed that the explosion had been caused by a mine .
15 – It is presumed that the ship’s radio equipment was put out of action during the fire .
16 – It was later admitted that the information bad been obtained from unreliable sources .
2 - Choose the correct answer :-
1 – It ( is believed – believing – believes – are believed ) that the president will solve many social
and economical problems .
2 – The workers ( is thinking – think – thinking – are thought ) their wages will be increased .
3 – Put your cigarette ( on – off – out – of ) it is a non-smoking place .
4 – I would be ( grateful – ungrateful – gratitude – gratefulness ) if you lend me your dictionary .
5 – I ( thinks – thought – think – is thought ) there is no water on the moon .
6 – It ( alleged – alleging – is alleged – allege ) that they climbed the Everest .
7 – It is reported that the thief ( has caught – has been caught – will catch – could catch ) .
8 – He is thought ( to attack – to have been attacked – to being attacked – that he would attack )
his enemy at once .
9 – It was said the professor (had suffered – was suffered – had been suffered – has been suffered)
a heart attack .
10 – ( It declared – It was declared – He declared – He was declared ) to resign from the government .
11 – ( I considered - It was considered – She considered – She was considered ) to be the best
expert in her field .
12 – Ahmed was known ( to imprison – to be imprisoned – that he imprisoned – that he was imprisoned)
13 – Ahmed was expected ( to get – he get – to have get – he would get ) the job .
14 – The tyres have been found ( that they are unsafe – being unsafe – to be unsafe – of being unsafe)
15 – ( He has been felt – He has felt – It has been felt ) not to tell the truth .
16 – ( It has decided – It has been decided – He has decided – He has been decided ) that he
would travel abroad .
3 - Rewrite the following sentences using the word “s” in brackets to
give the same meaning :-
1 – Students have rumored that the president will visit the school . ( The school )
2 – You needn’t take an umbrella when you go there . ( necessary )
3 – Egypt has a lot of places of interest that reflect different civilizations . ( rich in )
4 – The Antarctic is a remote area . It is difficult to go there . ( too ……. )
5 – The ancient Egyptians gave us many wonderful monuments . (We )
6 – Extinguish your cigarette , please . ( Don’t )
7 – Please leave your valuables at the reception desk . ( You’d better )
8 – The boy next door broke the window glass . ( It’s said )
9 – Our border with Libya is in Western Desert . ( Well – known )
10 – I would be grateful if you come earlier tomorrow . ( Would you mind )
11 – People believe that money can’t everything . ( It is believed )
12 – I think Ali is the cleverest pupil in his class . ( It is thought )
13 – It was alleged that Mona sold the car and left the country . ( We alleged )
14 – “ Could you tell me the way to Ramses Square ? ( She requested )
15 – “ Don’t play music while others are asleep . ( He ordered me )

16 – Nobody knows exactly whether the criminal has escaped from the prison or not .
( It is said that )
17 – People are not sure if Ali’s car was stolen . ( It is believed that )
18 – We know that smoking is bad for us . ( It is known that )
19 – People think that we can spend our holidays in the moon . ( It is thought that )
20 – Eating too much food is not good for us . ( It is said that )
21 – To exercise daily is necessary for good health . ( It is believed that )
22 – It is said that vegetables are better for us than meat . ( Doctors )
23 – Pollution is reported to be very dangerous to the environment . ( It is reported )
24 – Scientists think that there is no life on Mars . ( It is )
 25 – The criminal is reported to have been arrested . ( Newspapers )
26 – Dr. Zewail reports that the femto second is the most accurate time measurement .
( Is reported )
27 – The police allege that the thief has escaped . ( Is alleged )
28 – Everyone agreed that the plan should go ahead . ( It )
29 – Lots of people believe the doctor and his wife have separated . ( The doctor and his wife )
30 – People think the footballer earns two million dollars a year . ( It is .. )
31 – People think the footballer earns two million dollars a year . ( The footballer .)
32 – Everyone expects the soap opera will end next month . ( The soap opera … )
33 – It was reported that the actor had suffered a heart attack . ( The actor …. )
34 – It is understood that he will go bankrupt . ( He is understood )
35 – It is believed our director will be promoted . ( Our director )
36 – People expected the minister would resign . ( The minister …. )
37 – It is said that Harris has his memory . ( Harris is said )
38 – Smile and win a friend . ( If … )
39 – Yara bought nothing . ( not …… )
40 – After I had done my home, I went out . ( before )
41 – “ They will take me to the theatre tomorrow . ( I ….. )
42 – They crossed the bridge in five minutes . ( It took …… )
43 – They are very knowledgeable people . ( Knowledge .. )
44 – We are impressed by the beautiful sights . ( impression )
45 – Thank you for the organisation of such a good holiday . ( Organis )
46 – The guides were able to answer all our questions . ( ability )
47 – We enjoyed the tour, and the pyramids in particular . ( particular )
48 – If he studies hard , he will get high marks . ( By …… )
49– A plant cell can be seen by using a microscope . ( Through )
50 – There is a gene that switches off the chemical that causes totting . ( stop )
4 - Choose the correct answer :-
1 – Our school team ( beat – was beating – was beaten – had beaten ) at football yesterday .
2 – At this age of globalization you can’t say this is one of ( remote – remotest – the remotest – isolated )
3 – An insecticide is a chemical that ( improves – multiplies – kills – flourishes ) insects .
4 – ( Hepatitis – Dermatitis – Herbicide – Insecticide ) is a disease of the skin .
5 – Vegetables are ( inorganic – organic – unwanted – useless ) materials .
6 – ( Extra – Inorganic – Desert – Manual ) farming methods produce greater yields than organic methods
7 – Geology is the study of the ( plants – skin – liver – pests ) .
8 – He gave a piece of his ( brain – head – mind – opinion) when he lost his pen .
9 – He got ( steam – steams – steamed – steaming ) up when they criticized his book .
10 – He flew ( on – in – at – into ) a rage when the bus was cancelled .
11 – He hit the ( sky – water – wall – roof ) when his film failed .
12 – He ( blew – blow – blown – blowing ) his top when then the train arrived too late .
13 – He gave me ( information – advice – argument – experience ) to save money .
14 – ( Information – Primitive – Consumer – Nomadic ) goods are available on markets everywhere .
15 – ( Seller – Consumer – Gene ) protection is the protection of buyers of goods and services
against low quality .
16 – Scientists can ( modify – consume – persuade – pretend ) genes .
17 – Some food we buy contains genetically modified ( diseases – knowledge – ingredients – dirot ) .
18 – If the famine continues, there is a real danger of mass ( production – increase – yields – starvation)
19 – A window is made of ( a glass – the glass – glasses – glass) .
20 – pour the water into ( a glass – glasses – glass – some glass ) and put it there .
21 – Ten thousand pounds ( are – is – be – being ) a lot of money .
22 – Mathematics ( are – is – has – have ) an interesting subject .
23 – The government built a huge(tree – wall – fortress – building) to protect the town from the enemies.
24 – If you travel by train, you can enjoy seeing the ( way – scenery – road – places ) .
25 – It is ( believed – believing – believable – believe ) that the price of cars will rise by 5% .
26 – This is the mountain ( when – where – what – which ) Moses received the Ten Commandments .
27 – We particularly enjoyed our stay at the (comfort – comfortable – comfortably – comforts )hotel
28 – ( An island – An oasis – A forest – A harbour ) is a place which is surrounded by desert land
29 – Global warming may cause the sea ( level – standard – limit – surface ) to rise .
30 – He told me a wonderful story about his ( child – childish – childhood – childs ) .
31 – The country contains many other ( history – historian – historic – historically ) places .
32 – Stay in your seats until the plane comes to a ( stopping – stop – stops – stopped ) .
33 – Many of the Siwan women wear their (tradition – traditions – traditional – traditionally )clothes .
34 – It is very difficult to visit my uncle as he lives in a ( near – next – remote – away ) village .
35 – Egypt has many beautiful ( oasis – oases – depression – depression ).
36 – They used system of ropes and ( strings – pulleys – carriers – weights ) to lift heavy things .
37 – Put your cigarette ( off – away – out – on ) it is a non- smoking flight .
38 – It is an important mountain because ( it said – it had said – it is said – it is saying ) that
Moses received the ten commandments there .
39 – The small chapel developed into a ( mass – massif – massive – massy )fortress .
40 – One of ( famous – more famous – most famous – the most famous ) streets in London is
Oxford street.
41 – A place with trees and water in a desert is ( oasis – oases – an oasis – the oases ) .
42 – A ( chapel – palace – fortress – monastery ) is a place strengthened for defence .
43 – The baby ( lifted – had lifted – lifts – was lifted )onto the bed .
44 – The Siwa oasis ( situates– has situated – is situated )627 kilometers south west of Cairo .
45 – Siwa lies in a deep ( depress – oppression – opposition – depression ) 18 metres below sea level
46 – In the western Desert you will find natural wells (which – that – when – where ) bubbles
come up from under the ground .
47 – An oracle was a priest who made (prediction – predictions – the prediction )about the future .
48 – Sinai has become one of the ( more – better – best – most ) beautiful regions in the world .
49 – People and goods ( lifted – had lifted – have lifted –were lifted ) into St Catherine’s
monastery by pulleys and ropes .
50 – Tell El –Amarna ( lays – lies – has lied – lay )50 kilometres south of El – Miynya .
51 – Egypt has many beautiful ( oasis – oases – wells – walls ) .
52 – The ( Siwans – Siwi – Siwan – Swan ) people speak their own Berber language .
53 – The ( Swans – Siwans – Siwi ) have their own culture and customs .
54 – St Catherine’s began as a small chapel out it (fortified – had fortified – more fortified – was fortified)
55 – An oasis is a place ( what – that – where – which) water from under the ground comes up to
the surface naturally .
56 – We should try to use ( sunny – heavenly – lunar – solar ) energy when does not cause pollution .
57 – ( Strangely – Naturally – Normally – Usually )enough, the man refused to take his reward
for finding the gold watch in spite of his poverty .
58 – I asked my friend to meet me at the ( head – tail – entrance – leg ) of the theatre at eight o’clock .

59 – The sixth of October Victory is a ( historical – historic – basic – trivial ) occasion the that
we are proud of .
60 – The ( minute – tiny – minor – massive ) increase in my car’s price made people refuse to buy it .
61 – Monks lead a religious life in their ( flats – palaces – mansions – monasteries) .
62 – The politician’s ( prediction – belief – signal – statement) of a war in the area came true .
63 – The Bedouin women presented a wonderful show in their ( aged – habitual – traditional –
outworn ) clothes .
64 – She is fond of wearing all her ( stones – blocks – glass – jewellery ) wherever she goes to a party
65 – The headquarters of the company will be (limited – situated – lodged – settled ) on the
tenth floor in the block of flats .
66 – There are now, many cars that run on (real – true – natural – usual ) gas which causes no pollution .
67 – It is the ( occasion – custom – rule – conduct )of Egyptians to eat salted fish on Sham el Nasseem .
68 – ( Genetics – Genes – Characteristics – Decisions )is the study of inheritance .
69 – Mendel ( discovered – invented – devised – created) that characteristics are passed from
generation to generation .
70 – ( Mendel : ( 1822 – 1884 ) He was an Austrain biologist who discovered the Mendelian
laws of inheritance .
71 – The cells of all living things contain ( vield – crops – damage – genes ) .
72 – Gm means ( Gradual Movements – Gradual Modifications – Genetic Modifications –
General Motors ) it is used in plants and animals .
73 – Tomato genes produce a chemical that makes the fruit ( go – goes – went – to go ) soft .
74 – By ( modify – modifies – modifying)the genes , scientists are able to cure serious diseases .
75 – Genetically (modify – modifying – modified – modifies ) crops help us to improve agriculture .
76 – Some people refuse to eat genetically (engineering – engineered – engineer – engineers) food .
77 – The Nile flood used to cover the land with very fertile (silk – silt – cells – genes ) .
78 – Genetic modified crops can be ( store – storing – stored – stores )for longer .
79 – Egypt is famous ( for – with – of – at ) its great monuments .
80 – A diagram is a shape ( who – whom – which – who ) shows us informant .
81 – An ( employer – employee – employ – employed ) is a man or a group of persons that owncompany
82 – An ( employer – employee – employ ) is someone who works for a company .
83 – ( A tricycle – A bike – A motorcycle – A car ) is a bicycle with three wheels .
84 – Marco polo was an ( inventor – explorer – employee – invent ) .
85 – The criminal ( reported – reports – has reported – was reported )to have escaped .
86 – The guides were ( important – knowledgeable – strong –educated ) and they were able to
answer al our questions .
87 – It was (an excellent – a terrible – an awful – a tiring)holiday and we enjoyed every minute of
88 – We are looking forward to ( visit – visited – visiting – visits )Egypt again .
89 – Thank you and your staff for ( organising – organise – organis ) such a wonder journey .
90 – We dare say that the hotel food was ( extreme – extremely – extremity – extreme ) good .
91 – I wonder if you ( can – may – will – could ) lend me your camera .
92 – Write a letter ( thanking – thank – thanks – thanked ) the director of the company .
93 – The hotel staff were helpful and ( friends – friendly –friendship – most friend ) .
94 – The contractor delivered all the materials needed to the building ( seat – stage – site – situation ) .
95 – A new ( system – practice – instance – example ) has been applied to speed up production
96 – The bricks were lifted to the top of the building by means or a (track– pulley– circle – path)
97 – He ( had searched his luggage – had his luggage searched – had been searched his luggage
– has been searching his luggage ) in customs .
98 – They called the technician as they wanted ( to repair their fridge – to have repaired their
fridge – to get their fridge repaired – to be repairing their fridge ).
99 – You should have ( serviced your car – servicing your car – your car serviced – to service
your car ) regulary .
100 – Is said the company ( is planned – is planning – will be planned – is planned)a new product.

Unit 12
Genes ‫الجنيات‬ Accurate ‫دقيق‬ Solagn ‫شعار‬ Snuts ‫البندق‬
Genetic ‫وراثية‬ Nomadic ‫بدوي‬ Straw ‫قش‬ Tricycle ‫ترسكل‬
Ingredient ‫المكونات‬ Resistant ‫يقاوم‬ Fertilizers ‫أسمدة‬ Evidence ‫دليل‬
Labelling ‫ المحتويات‬Inorganic ‫جهل‬ Insecticides ‫مبيدات‬ Interfere ‫يتدخل‬
Yield ‫محصول –حصاد‬ Insecticide ‫حشرات‬ Pesticides ‫آفات‬ Modify ‫يعدل‬
 E . IDIOMS : GETTING Angry
1 – get steamed up : become very angry or excited
He got very steamed up when his friend didn’t come .
2 – give him a piece of her mind = tell him exactly what she thinks as she disapproves of his behaviour .
He gave his friend a piece of his mind when the friend refused to lend him the money .
3 – fly into rage :become suddenly very . He always flies into rage when he fails to get what he wants
4 – to hit the roof : become suddenly very angry .
The child hit the roof when his father refused to buy him the toy.
5 – to be up in arms: to be very angry . They were up in arms when the criminals escaped .
6 – to blow his top = to lose his temper . He blew his top when the guard refused to allow him in
Word Formation
1 – insecticide { insect + icide } = [ insect + something that kills ] = something that kills insects
2 – dermatitis { dermat + itis } = [ skin + disease ] = a disease of the skin
3 – biology { bio + logy} = [ plants and animals + study] = The study of plants and animals
4 – geology { geo + logy } = [ earth + study ] = The study of the earth .
5 – hepatitis { hepat +itis } = [ liver + disease ] = a disease of the liver
1 - Fill in the spaces using the correct word chosen from the box below
Nomadic - hunters – gatherers – yield – modify –resistant
– interfere – processed – consumer

1 – ……….. food is unnatural . 2 – …………people do not live in one place .

3 – Our ancestors were ………….. who used to hunt or collect food from the land .
4 – When the ………….. is plentiful, the farmers become happy .
5 – Ahmed is head – strong and ………….to my opinions .
6 – You should not …………in others’ business .
7 – A ……….is a person who buys and uses goods and services .
8 – We cannot agree to your plans ; you should ………….them .
2 - With the help of the meaning given against every word , fill in the
missing letters :-
e __ __I __ y __ __s people who work for a company .
tr __c __ cl __ s a bicycle with three wheels .
f __ ct __ r __ a place where things are made .
sl __ g __ n a phrase used to advertise .
S __ __ d __s people from Sweden .

‫إذا سبني نذل تزايدات رفعه ** و ما العيب إل أن أكون‬

‫مسابيه‬
‫و لو لم تكن نفسي علي عزيزة ** لمكنتها من كل نذل‬
‫تجاويـــــه‬

3 - Fill in each space with a suitable word from the box :-

Most – more – less – least
The consumption of ice cream according to its most popular flavours Vanilla 53% Chocolate
20% , Cherry 1%
1 – Vanilla ice cream is …………………popular .
2 – Chocolate ice cream is ……………..popular than strawberry .
3 – Coffee ice cream is the ………………popular than strawberry .
4 – Cherry ice cream is the ……………….popular .
4 - Write a paragraph of 8 lines on :-
How you spend your spare time
Guidance :-
* Reading good books . ** Listening to music or watching TV. * Taking exercise at the club .
A) Translate into Arabic :-
In the near future , a new sort of modern cars will replace those we use nowadays . Cars will be
full automatic . They will not use petrol as fuel but the nuclear power will be used instead .
B) Translate into English :-
. ‫ل يستطيع أحد أن ينكر أن كل شئ يفعله النسان تقريبا يعتمد علي العقول اللكترونية‬
EXERCISE ON : DICTIONARY WORK
5 - Correct the verbs in brackets in the following sentences :-
1 – Yara went to buy a dress and she (choose ) a black one .
2 – Ahmed is a scientist who (modify ) a plant or animal’s genes .
3 – The rain (rot ) the walls and they should be-repainted .
4 – He ( worry )now about his exam results .
5 – The fruits just (ripen ) and we should pick them soon .
6 – We ( sow )our seeds yesterday . Have you ( sow ) yours yet ?
7 – There is a new ( collect ) of dresses for sale .
8 – At this time of globalization , no country can live all alone in ( isolate ) .
9 – Don’t eat any fruit before its ( ripe ) .
10 – A lot of poor countries suffer from ( starve ) .
11 – ( Prevent ) is better than cure .
12 – I don’t agree with your argument that war is a blessing .
6 -Read the following letter and reply to it :-
“ Your name is Abeer and you live at 14 l Tahrir Street, Cairo “

123 Queen’s Street ,

London,
UK.
1st January
Dear Abeer ,
I’ve just read an interesting book about “ Genetic Engineering “ . It deals with
Scientific miracles done by intelligent scientists .The have changed the main characteristics of
Different crops such as shapes , sizes and flavour . But there are some people who are against
this new science . Have you read about it ? If so please write to me to give me your opinion
about genetic engineering . write soon .
With best wishes ,
Yours,
Tom Harvy

7) Translate into Arabic :-

It is shameful that there are very poor countries whose children are dying of hunger in the
twenty first century while the advanced countries are becoming richer .
B) Translate into English :-
‫مازال العلم يبحث عن حلول فعالة إنقاذ هؤلء التعساء الذين يعانون من المجاعات في الدول الفقيرة غير أن هذه‬
. ‫الجهود تحتاج إلي التعاون الدولي‬
8 - Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue :-
Yara is at a shop to have his watch repaired
Man : Good afternoon . Can I help you ?
 Yara : …………………… “1 “ ………………………..
Man : Yes , the watch battery’s probably dead . How old the watch ?
Yara : …………………… “ 2 “ …………………………
Man : Oh well, the battery needs replacing , then ……………”3” ……………
Yara : Yes, please .
Man : …………………… “4 “ ……………………….
9 -Read the following passage, then answer the questions
The EAO ( Food and Agricultural Organization ) is a part of United Nations which aims to improve
the production distribution of agriculture in developing countries . Experts different countries make great
efforts to find new farming methods to increase yields all over the world . These experts from the FAO try
to help the developing countries to overcome their agricultural problems . They recommend pesticides and
insecticides to be sprayed to fight insects and harmful pests . The FAO is also making great efforts to save
millions of starving people from famines . Vast areas of land are reclaimed , chemicals are provided and
machines are offered to these poor countries .But the FAO’s funds are usually not enough to satisfy all the
poor countries ‘ needs . So , it is necessary that the rich countries cooperate to support the efforts made by
the FAO to achieve its human aim . On the other hand, genetic engineering , in the field of agriculture , has
provided effective solutions to increase the crops with greater sizes and larger quantities are now produced
to provide the increasing number of populations in the poor countries . Nevertheless, tragic news about
famines is still shocking us every day about starving children and parents who hardly find their daily foods
Answer the following questions :-
1 – What is the FAO ?
2 – Mention two of the efforts made by the FAO to help the poor countries .
3 – What should rich countries do to solve the problem of starvation ?
4 – What do you think the main cause of starvation in the poor ender developing countries ?
Choose the correct answer :-
5 – Genetic engineering helps to(modify the characteristics of the plants – destroy the cells in the
seeds – reclaim the land – provide funds to the poor countries )
6 – The problem of starvation ( has been solved – is still existing – is caused by the FAO – has
started in the developed countries )
7 – Children in poor countries ( always find their food – usually get their meals – never eat ) .
10- Read this passage and complete the notes :-
Vitamin C is most plentiful in green vegetables, fruits and potatoes . We need it to help the
formation of teeth, bones and blood vessels . people whose food contains too little vitamin C may
suffer from a slowing of growth . A shortage of Vitamin C causes a disease known as scurvy . A
healthy adult human being needs at least 15 mg of Vitamin C daily .

- Its main sources ……………………………………………

- A slowing of growth …………………………………………
- A disease known as scurvy ………………………………….

Count and uncountable nouns

‫ و‬، ‫** بعــــض السمــاء تكون عادة أسماء ل تعد في اللغة النجليزية و لكن في لغات أخري تغير أسماء تعد‬
‫هناك‬
‫** بعـــــض السماء في اللغة التي يمكن أن تعد و كذلك يمكن ل تعد‬

‫في المفرد و يأخذ‬ a ‫ أو‬a n ‫هــــــــــو السـم الذي يسبقـــــه عادة‬ Countable noun - 1
es ‫ أو‬S ‫في نهايته‬
. boxes box ‫عند الجمع مثل‬
‫في‬ S ‫ و ليس له صفة جمع و ل يأخذ حرف‬an ‫أو‬ a ‫ل تسبــــــق بـــ‬ Uncountable – 2
‫نهايته مثل‬
Some- the ‫ و كذلك يمكن أن تستخدم السماء التي ل تعد بدون‬money
- my
‫هنـــــاك بعض السماء التي يمكن أن تغيرها أسماء تعد‬ Count and uncountable noun -3
‫أو ل‬
- : ‫تعد علي حسب معناها مثل‬
** Would you like a cake ? one of several separate cakes .
** Do you like cake ? the substance cake in general .
. ‫ تكون بمعني ورقة‬a ‫ تكون أسما معدودا بمعني جريدة و بدون‬a ‫ إذا سبقها‬Paper ‫وكذلــــــــــــــك مثل‬
** I bought a paper = a newspaper . ** I bought paper = materiel for writing .
‫تكون أسماء معدودا و يقصد به شعرة أو شعيرات أن‬ a ‫إذا سبقها‬ hair ‫و كـــــــــــذلــــك كلــــه‬
‫انفصلن عن شعر النسان‬
** She has black hair ** There is a hair in my soup .
‫ ل تجمع فإذا جمعت تكون بمعني مصانع أو مؤلفات‬Work ‫* * كـــــــــــــــله‬
** I read the works of Taha Hussien . The government built some steel works
‫السمـــــاء التي تعــد في اللغات الخرى و ل تعـد في اللغــــة النجليزية‬
Accommodation Baggage Damage Traffic Chaos
Information Advice Luck Weather Assistance
Permission Behaviour Luggage Work Anger
Furniture Bread News Scenery Behaviour
1 - Some of these sentences need a / an correct the sentences which
are wrong . If the sentences is already correct , put right :
1 – Ahmed goes everywhere by bike . He hasn’t got car ………………………………….
2 – Ann was listening to music when I arrived …………………………………………….
3 – We went to very nice restaurant last weekend …………………………………………..
4 – I clean my teeth with toothpaste …………… 5 – I use tooth with tooth pasta………….
6 – Can you tell me if there’s bank near here? ………………………………………………
7 – My brother works for insurance company in London ……………………………………
8 – I don’t like violence …………………… 9 – Can you smell paint ? ……………….
10 – We need petard I hope we come to petiole station soon ………………………………...
2 - Complete the sentences using one of the following words . Use a /an
where necessary
biscuit - blood – coat – key – letter – moment – question – sugar
1 – It wasn’t Yara’s fault . It was ……………….. 2 – Listen ! can you hear ………………..
3 – Abeer couldn’t get into the house because I didn’t have ………………………
4 – It’s very warm today . Why are you wearing ………………………………… ?
5 – Do you take …………………in your coffee ?
6 – Are you hungry ? Would you like ………….with your coffee ?
7 – Our lives would be very difficult without ………………………………….
8 – Ahmed didn’t phone them . I wrote …………………..instead .
9 – The heart pumps ………………………through the body .
10 – Excuse me, but can I ask you ……………………………………… ?
11 - Complete the sentences using one of the following words ,
sometimes the word needs to be plural :-
air – day – friend – meat – letter – patience – people – queue
1 – I had my camera but I didn’t take many …………………..
2 – There are seven ………………..in a week .
3 – A vegetarian is a person who doesn’t eat ……………..
4 – Outside the cinema there was …………..of people waiting to see the film .
5 – Yara is not very good at writing ……………………
6 – Last night I went out with some ………………..of mine .
 7 – There were very few …………………in the shops today . They were almost empty .
8 – I’m going out for a walk . I need some fresh ………………………
9 – Ahmed always wants things quickly . He’s got no ………………………
12 - Supply the missing parts in the following mini – dialogue :-
1 -Yara : Where do you work, Ahmed ? Around here ?
Ahmed : ………………… “1” ………………………
Yara : Oh, yes ? What do you do for living ? Ahmed : I’m a computer programmer .
Yara : Really ? That sounds very techical . Do you enjoy it ? Ahmed : Yes, it’s right .
2 - Yara : ………………… “2 “ ……………………….
Ahmed : Well I’ve only worn them once and the zip’s broken .
Yara : I see , Do you have the receipt ? Ahmed : Yes, here you are .
3 - Yara : ………………… “3” ………………………..? Ahmed : Yes, it is .
Yara : Oh good . Here’s my ticket .
Ahmed : Thank you . Could I see your passport , too, please ?
Yara : ……………….. “4” …………………………
Ahmed : Thank you . How many pieces of baggage are you check in ?
13 Read and complete the form
As a result of the great progress achieved in the realm of genetic cloning , scientists are
now able to make living copies of others . This is called cloning . Some people are in favour of
cloning . They believe it is a landmark in scientific progress . However, it is not accepted by the
majority. It is religiously refused . We believe in God , the Creator who made the world and
controls what happens in it . Cloning will lead to the ruin of family ties and the father will no
longer be the head of the family . Moreover , we cannot imagine how our life would be when there
are no individual differences and the people are one copy .

What Its branch Why some are in Cloning and Cloning and Cloning and
coning of science favour religion families differences
….”1” …. …… “2” …… ……”3” ……. …….”4” …… …….”5” …… ……”6” ….
14 -Read the following letter and write your .
You live at 39 Shoubra Street . Cairo :-
Dear Mona ,
Last week I attended Hala’s birthday party . I wish you had been with us .
What was astounding was Hala’s mother’s declaration that all dishes presented were natural . No
chemicals or colours were included in them . Fruit juices were wonderful . The taste of the cakes
was nice . Different kinds of ice cream were offered . There were all home made .
Yours ,
Amani .

15 - Choose the correct answers :-

1 – Ladies prefer to buy new ( collects – collections – collection – collective )of dresses .
2 – After the death of his wife, he lives all alone in ( isolate – desolate – isolation – isolated ) .
3 – Some countries live in grinding poverty and suffer from ( starved – starving – starvation ).
4 – ( Nomad – Nomads – Nomadic – Romantic ) people improved their plants .
5 – Scientists can modify the ( character– characteristics – characterisation ) of the plant or animal
6 – Fruits are ready to be eaten when they ( ripe – ripened – ripeness – ripen ) .
7 – Some scientists fear that (interfering – referring – conferring) with nature may cause ill effects
8 – Some people ( advise – advises – advice – advices ) us not to eat GM food .
9 – Could you switch ( on – off – of – out ) the light . I like to sleep .
 10 – People in ( favourite – favourable – favour – unfavourable ) of peace hate wars .
11 – The thieves were ( resisted – resistant – resistant – resistance of ) the police .
12 – ( Process – Proceed – Processed – Proceeding ) food is unnatural .
13 – The patient ( gradual – graduate – graduated – gradually ) improved .
14 – Modifying the genes ( calls – is called – called – be called ) genetic engineering .
15 – A plant cell ( can see – can be seen – could see – are seen ) through a microscope .
16 – There are a lot of ( modifying – modify – modified – models ) types of modern cars .
17 – We are pleased that his temperature is ( abnormal – extraordinary – unusual – normal ) now .
18 – Eating a lot of sugar can ( rust – rot – reduce – analyse ) your teeth away .
19 – The travellers lost their way and in the end they died on ( diet – starvation – nourishment ) .
20 – In the restaurant we had to ( explain – argue – illustrate – note ) with the waiter when he
asked for a big sum of money as the price of the meal was too high .
21 – Mother prepared all the ( ingredients – parts – partials – divisions ) she needed to make the cake .
22 – When I went abroad , I tied my address ( guide – sign – index – label ) on my bags .
23 – His selfishness is one his bad ( virtues – characteristics – types – kinds ) which he must get rid of .
24 – Unemployment has got few job ( opportunities – productions – places – numbers ) .
25 – They collected the peaches when they fully ( provided – ripened – fitted – prepared ) .
26 – ( Careless – Inactive – Accurate – Inaccurate ) information must be collected to get the right results .
27 – Our ancestors ate the food ( what – whose – which – where ) came from animals and fish .
28 – ( Cells – Genes – Genetic engineering – Jeans) show how a living thing will develop .
29 – When scientists modify the genes , they change the ( character – characters – characterisation
30 – Don’t eat fruits that ( do not ripen – will not ripen – are not ripen – are not ripened) not ripen
31 – People ( in favour – favourite – infavour of ) GM crops say this will improve agriculture
32 – It is a pity that in some countries some people die of ( starve – starvation – the starvation )
33 – There is no ( prove – improvement – evident – evidence )that he is the thief .
34 – What ( affect – effect – effective – defective ) does he have on his son ?
35 – Some of food we eat now contains ( genes – genetic – genetical – genetically ) modified ingredients .
36 – The ( early – earlier – earliest – most early ) farmers saved the seeds from their best plants .
37 – The cells of all living things contain (guns – gains – genes – grains ).
38 – Scientists can change a plant’s genes .It means they can ( describe – modify – damage ) them
39 – Scientists change the ( length – width – characteristics – depth ) of a plant or animal .
40 – ( Genetic – Plant – Cells – Primitive ) engineering is a new science .
41 – ( Genes – Genetic–Geneticist ) modified corps offer opportunities to improve agriculture .
42 – People are afraid GM food may ( leads – led – leading – lead ) to diseases .
43 – He got very ( steams – steams up – steamed up – steamed )when they laughed at his funny suit .
44 – He ( eached - touched – hit – painted ) the roof when his father refused to give him some money .
45 – It is much easier for farmers to ( throw – scatter –spray ) chemical fertilizers on their crops .
46 – Plants reproduce themselves by ( fertilizing – being fertilized - fertilizers – fertility ) .
47 – The child hit the ( floor – ceiling – wall - roof ) when his father refused to buy him the toy
48 – The bad results ( affected – effected – defected – reflected ) a great change studying his lessons
49 – The ( proportion – percentage – ratio – decimal )of failure is 20% .
50 – The side ( defects – reflections – offences – effects ) of insecticides are harmful .

Unit 13
Monitor Floppy disk ‫القرص‬ Hard ware ‫أجزأ‬ Hard disk ‫قرص‬
‫المرقاب‬ ‫اللين‬ ‫المعدنية‬ ‫صلب‬

CD. ROM ‫السطوانة‬ Mouse ‫فار‬ Provider ‫شئ‬ Drawback ‫عيب‬

‫يزود‬
Software ‫برامج الكمبيوتر‬ Printer ‫طابعة‬ Decorate ‫يحمل‬ Toil ‫الجد‬
Link ‫يربط‬ Screen ‫الشاشة‬ Violent ‫عنيف‬ Moil ‫الكفاح‬
Key board ‫لوحة المفاتيح‬ Logging ‫دون‬ e-mail ‫البريد اللكتروني‬ Amateurs ‫هواه‬
Microprocessor ‫جهاز تشغيل الكمبيوتر‬ Document ‫وثاثق‬ Photosynthesis ‫التحليق أو التركيب‬
‫الضوئي‬

Floppy disk
Screen Microprocessor

CD-ROM

Printer

Keyboard
Mouse

Study the following :-

1 – A keyboard : is used to type on .2 –The screen :helps you to see what you are typing
3 – A floppy disk : is a small flat thing that you can store information from a computer on, that
you can remove and use it in other computers . 4 – A CD- Rom (c/u) :is a small flat circular
object on which large amounts of information can be stored to be used by a computer .
5 – The mouse :enables you to move around the screen .
6 – The microprocessor operates : the whole computer system .
7 – The printer : is used to show what you have produced on the computer on people .
Words that have two meanings :-
1 – Web : (1) net such as that made by a spider .
(2) the system that stores information for computer users around the world to use .
2 – Bug : (1) an insect without wings which drinks blood .
(2) a small mistake in a computer program that stops it from working properly .
3 – Mouse: (1) A small animal with a long tail .
(2) device that enables a person to move around the screen .
4 – Net : (1) a material with open spaces between knotted threads .
(2) the net / internet is a system that allows computer users around the world to send
messages and information to each other .
5 – Virus : (1) bacteria which cause infectious disease .
(2) instructions secretly put into a computer that stop it from working normally .
6 – Surf : (1) to ride as a sport over breaking wavers near the shore on a surfboard .
(2) to look at the information to find something that interests you .

1 -Supply the missing parts in the following mini-d dialogue :-

Yara : What do we use the internet for ?
Ahmed : …………………. “1” ……………………
Yara : …………………. ”2” …………………..
Ahmed : This system is called “ electronic mail “ .
Yara : ………………….”3 “ …………………... ?
Ahmed : There are a lot of violent computer games .
Yara : I think many children spend too much time playing computer games .
 Ahmed : …………………”4” ………………………
2 - Read and complete the table :-
Communication by e-mail is becoming increasingly popular for many reasons .First, it is a
popular way to send messages among people who do not like to use the telephone . Second , it is
useful for sending suggestions or requests . The person who receives them has time to think about
their response . Also, c-mail messages always look the same, no matter who sends them . This
means you don’t have to worry about the quality of your letter paper . Furthermore, e-mail
messages are uniform . They give no clues to the sender’s age , gender or race .

Why of communication : …………………… (1) …………………

Why a popular way
What to send
Similarity of e-mail messages
Difference between letter paper
Cause of being uniformed
: …………………….(2) …………………
: ……………………. (3) ………………….
: …………………… (4) …………………..
: …………………… (5) ………………….
: …………………… (6) ………………….

3 - Write a Paragraph of eight sentences about :-

Computers are widely used in all fields nowadays . * Who ? For what purposes ?
* How are computers efficient ? * What advantages ?
4 - Translate into English :-
‫ للبريد اللكتروني مميزات هامة تفوق‬- 2 . ‫ يستخدم الناس النترنت في أغراض عديدة مختلفة‬- 1
‫ عن طريق البريد اللكتروني إرسال رسالة في الحال و تتلقي الرد عليها في فترة‬. ‫التليفون و البريد العادي‬
. ‫وجيزة‬
. ‫ تستخدم أجهزة الكمبيوتر الن علي نطاق واسع في كل مجالت الحياة‬- 3
. ‫ إحدى المميزات الساسية للكمبيوتر هي تخزين المعلومات الهامة‬- 4
. ‫ عن طريق الكمبيوتر تستطيع إرسال رسائل إلكترونية‬- 5
. ‫ من عيوب الكمبيوتر تضييع كثير من الوقت بالجلوس أمامه لفترة طويلة‬- 6
. ‫ يعتبر الكمبيوتر رمزا للتقدم العلمي و التكنولوجي‬- 7
B - Translate into Arabic :-
I have been using the internet for about a year new . It’s wonderful . I just log onto the web,
and I get the information to keep on .
5 - Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue :-
Huda and Mohga are talking about using the computer and the internet .
Huda : ………………………”1” ……………………. ?
Mohga : Oh yes, . I have been using the internet for about year now .
Huda : ……………………. “2” ……………………..?
Mohga : The microprocessor operates the whole computer system .
Huda : Why is the printer useful ? Mohga : …………………….. ”3” ……………………
Huda : What does the mouse enable you to do ?
Mohga : …………………….. “4” ……………………….
The present perfect ‫المضارع التام‬
‫ – يعبر عن حدث وقع قبل الكلم فهو تام من حيث أنه بدأ و تم فعل و مضارع من حيث أنه مازال‬1
. ‫قائما أو مؤثرا‬
Have – has + P .P : ‫ – يتكون من‬2
Already – Ever – Just – Recently – Lately – So Far - Up to now - Since : ‫ – يأتي مـــــــــــع‬3
For - Yet .

. ‫ل حـظ بالرغــم من أنه مضارع و لكن لنه تام فإن علمته بالماضي أوثق‬
-: ‫استخداماته‬
 . ‫– للتعبير عن حدث انتهي منذ قليل ولكن مازالت أثاره‬ 1
** Mr. Khaled has eaten his breakfast .
Lately – recently – already – up to now – just ‫وعادة نجد كلمات مثل‬
‫ – للتعبير عن فترة زمنية لم تنتهي بعد‬2
** Ahmed has worked here for five years ‫ * ومازال يعمل‬He hasn’t eaten his breakfast yet .
after – ‫في مثل هذه الجمل أو كلمات مثل‬ afar - still – since – for – yet ‫و عادة يحذ كلمات مثل‬
‫ إلي‬always
. ‫التعبير عن عادة مستمرة في الماضي حتى الن‬
. ‫ – للتعبير عن فترة زمنية ماضية و لكنها غير محددة البداية أو النهاية‬3
** Ahmed has gone to Alex . ‫ ** أو لكن لم يعد حتى الن‬Ahmed has been to Alex . ‫ذهب ورجع‬
Ahmed went ** . ‫لحـــــــــظ إذا تحدد زمن الزيارة في الماضي فلبد من استعمال الماضي البسيط‬
. to Alex last week
. ) since ) ( for ( ‫ – ل حــظ الفرق بين استعمال‬4
. ‫تستعمل عندما يكون هناك وقت محدد ل تبداء الحدث‬ Since *
** Ahmed has studied for us since 1999 .
. ‫تستعمل عندما تكون الفترة محددة مدتها ولكن غير محدد بدايتها‬ For*
** Yara has cooked for two hours .
‫في الجملة‬ Since ‫ ول يمكن الستغناء عن‬For ‫و يمكـــن الستغناء عن‬
. ‫ ) تأتي بين الفعل المساعد و التصريف الثالث‬already – Just – Ever – Never ( ‫ل حــــظ أن كلمات‬
** Elham has already eaten breakfast .
. ‫ تستخدم مع الجملة المنفية و موقعها في نهاية الجملة أو السؤال‬Yet *
** Doaa and Huda have not seen Hala yet . Has Yara studied English yet ?
. ‫ عند الجابة‬never ‫ تحول إلي‬ever ‫إذا كان بالسؤال كلمة‬
** Has Wafaa ever seen Yara ? No, she has never seen Yara .
1 - Answer the following questions as shown in the examples :-
Can you skate ? ( three years ) Yes, but I haven’t skated for three years .
Could you climb a rope ? ( I left school )
Yes, I suppose I could , but I haven’t climbed one since I left school
1 – Can you play chess ? ( ten years ) .
2 – Can you sing ? ( I came to English )
3 – Could you milk a cow ? ( I left my father’s farm ) .
4 – Can you put up a tent ? ( I went camping two years ago ) .
5 – Can you make shire pudding ? ( over a year ) .

‫إذا نطق السفية فل تجبه ** فخير عن إجابته السكوت‬

‫فإن كلمتـــــه فرجت عنه ** و إن خليتـــــه كمدا يمــــوت‬
2 - Answer the questions , using the present perfect tense :-
1 – What films have you seen this month ?
2 – What new places have you visited this year ?
3 – What new buildings have been completed in your town during the year ?
4 – How many cigarettes have you smoked today ?
5 – How much money have you spent this week ?
6 – What different types of lesson have you had today ?
7 – How many phone calls have you made since the beginning of this week ?
8 – What has your weather been like this month ?
9 – How many holidays have you spent abroad over the past six years ?
10 – Which of your friends haven’t you seen for some time ?
3 - Rewrite the sentences , using the present perfect tense with since or
for, as appropriate , e . g .
a . He was last in touch with me three weeks ago . He hasn’t been in touch with me for three weeks .
B . The president last visited Britain in 1967 . The president hasn’t visited Britain since 1967 .
 1 – I last went to the dentist two months ago .
2 – Ahmed last spoke to me about his plans a year ago .
3 – When I last met him he was 15 years old .
4 – Ahmed last wrote to me when I was in America .
5 – It last rained three weeks ago .
6 – The side last won a home game two months ago .
7 – I last had a cold last winter .
8 – I last set eyes on him when he borrowed some money from me .
9 – The Company last made a profit in 1968 .
10 – I last went on holiday six months ago .
11 – The last time we saw a batsman of his caliblre was in the days of Bradman .
12 – I last mentioned it to him when we met a month ago .
4 - Rewrite the sentences , using since as in the example , e. g.
He was last in touch with me three weeks ago . It’s three weeks since he was in touch with me .
1 – I last went to the dentist two months ago . 2 – He last spoke to me about his plans a year ago
3 – I last rained three weeks ago . 4 – The side last won a home game two months ago .
5 – I last went on holiday six months ago . 6 – I last smoked a cigarette four days ago .
7 – They wrote ten days ago, saying they had sent the goods .
8 – We were last living all under one roof a long time ago .
9 – I last read the book such a long time ago that I’ve forgotten what it’s about .
10 – He last visited us it seems ages ago .
Read the following letter and write a reply to it :-
You live at 143 Tahreer street, Dokki .

105 Nasser Street,

Garden City ,
Cairo .
10th March , 2000
Dear Rami,
It pleases me to write to you . I’m very happy to inform you that my father has
Bought a computer for me . Now , as you have a long experience in using the computer, please
tell me how I can operate it in a proper way . How I can be on the internet . I want to get a lot of
information about many things . I want know what is meant by logging on and by surfing the net .
Please write soon .
Yours sincerely ,
Bssam .

6 - Read the following passage, then answer the questions :-

COMPUTERS
Computers let you communicate very quickly by e-mail or using the internet .They can do
some jobs very quickly, for example sending out large numbers of letters or bills . You can access
any information you need using a modem . A modem is a piece of electronic equipment that allows
information to be sent from one computer to another . Children enjoy using computers which make
learning more exciting . On the other hand, computers have a lot of disadvantages . Many people
do not like using computers , and would prefer to deal with a person instead . Computers can get
viruses . A virus is a set of instructions secretly put into a computer that destroys the information
stored in it and stops it from working normally. Some children spend too much time playing
computer games which can be very violent . Besides, anyone can put information on the internet ,
so it can be easily used by criminals to communicate with each other corrupt people can send
pictures , film or writing that show sexual acts . There are no laws to stop this yet and it is very
difficult to police the internet . Computers quickly become old fashioned so they soon need to be
replaced . If a computer is not working well, most people do not know how to fix it and this can
very annoying .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – Why are computers helpful to education ?
2 – What is to be done to stop a computer from working well ?
3 – How can some people misuse the internet ?
4 – Why can’t corrupt acts be prevented ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – Viruses are , ( always useful bacteria – always useful to computers – always harmless to
computers – never useful to computers ) .
6 – Without a modem , ( information could be sent from one computer to another – criminals
could communicate with each other – people could communicate very quickly by e-mail –
computers could not exchange information ).
7 – It is advisable for some children ( to practise violent games – to avoid spending too much
time playing computer games – to use a modem to send information – to spend too much
time playing computer games ).
REMEMBER 1 – Adjectives qualifying nouns .
* There are adjectives which help you to form good phases when writing about Tourism .
Examples :-
Historical / sites ‫مواقع تاريخية‬ Famous / sites ‫مواقع مشهورة‬
Cultural / centres ‫مراكز ثقافية‬ Comfortable / conditions ‫ظروف‬
‫مريحة‬
Foreign / cultures ‫ثقافات أجنبية‬ Modern / tourism ‫سياحة حديثة‬
Massive / industry ‫صناعة هائلة‬ Tourist / season ‫فصل السياحة‬
Foreign / currency ‫عملة أجنبية‬
* More than one adjective can modify a noun.
Examples :-
* famous historical ‫مواقع تاريخية مشهورة‬ * Great cultural centers ‫مراكز ثقافية عظيمة‬
* More Passive forms ‫مزيد من تكوينات في المبني للمجهول‬
* Will have to + be + PP . * Will need to + be PP .
* To express necessity in the future in the passive form we usually use ( will have to + be + PP /
will need to + be + PP )
‫لكي تعبر عن الضرورة في المستقبل بصيغة المبني للمجهول فإننا عادة نستخدم هذا التكوين للمذكور‬
Examples :-
1 – New hotels and roads will need to be built . 2 – Something will have to be done .
Correct :-
1 – Tourists come today to visit famous ( history ) sites all over Egypt .
2 – There are a lot of ( culture) centres all over the country .
3 – Tourism is a ( mass ) industry .
4 – One of the disadvantages of visiting to the historical sites is that the tourists ‘ feet wear ( on )
the stone floor .
5 – The tourist season can be (more ) of the year .
6 – New hotels will need ( to build ) .
7 – People think that something ( will have to do ) about the traffic and pollution in Cairo .
8 – Tourism world (become ) successful in the last few years .
9 – A tourist (take) ideas of foreign cultures back home .
10 – Travelling ( broaden ) a tourist’s knowledge of the world .
7 - Supply the missing parts in the following Sherif is using his computer
Sherif :Somebody is e-mailing me .
Essam : …………………… “1” ……………………
 Sherif : It says, “We are coming to Egypt next Thursday.please, recommend us some historic sites see
Essam : ………………….. “2” ……………………..
Sherif : Some Indian tourists . Essam : …………………. “3” ……………………..
Sherif : They say that they would like to write a report on Egypt .
Essam : ………………….”4” ………………………
Sherif : Sure, their computer is linked to the world wide .
Sherif : …………………… “5” …………………… ?
Essam : Yes, my computer is linked to the world wide web .
Sherif : How can you save documents ? Essam : ……………… “6” ………………..
Sherif : What does “ logging on “ mean ? Essam : ………………… “7” …………..
Sherif : ………………….. “8” ……………………
Essam : This is useful because you can see what you have produ the computer on paper .
8 - Choose the correct answer :-
1 – He is a talented jeweller ( plotter – designer – deceiver – explorer) his designs attract a lot of customers
2 – The bus has been ( early – on time – fast – delayed ) because of the accident
3 – The ( benefits – drawbacks – disadvantages – wrongs ) of the new medicine have been
assured when most invalids have been cured by it .
4 – I sent a message to the businessman asking him to send the ( details – individuals – list –
index ) of his project in order to get a good idea about it .
5 – They ( grew – grow – have grown – had grown ) a lot since we last saw them .
6 – I ( found – find – was finding – have found ) the letter you were looking for here it is .
7 – I ( stayed – have stayed – have been staying – was stayed ) with my grandfather for two
months ; now I’m staying with my uncle .
8 – There isn’t much more to do now that we ( solved – are solving – have solved) the main problem .
9 – Oh! No !My car ( had disappeared – has disappeared – is disappearing – was disappearing ).
10 – The prices of houses ( rose – had risen – were rise – have risen )dramatically in recent years
11 – Few of the trees in the village ( have survived – survived – is surviving – are surviving – are
survived ) the storms during the winter of 1991 .
12 – The company ( has survived – survived – is surviving – was surviving )many setbacks in its
50 year history , but it is now flourishing .
13 – He put his luggage the car ( box – boot – pocket – case).
14 – The e-mail is sent ( electrically – electronically – powerfully – dynamically ).
15 – Radio is the best means of ( communication – transport –transfer – dispatch ) in remote areas .

16 – I was forced to ( advance – precede – delay – go forward ) my trip until the following week
17 – All the branches of the company are ( separated – parted – linked – disjoined ) up by computer .
18 – The ( demerits – drawbacks – benefits – disadvantages )of modern technology help us to
lead a comfortable life .
19 – Computer games are to a great extent ( moderate – violent – gentle – quiet) ; so they teach
children to be cruel .
20 – The traffic ( congestion – decomposition – collection – separation ) caused us to be late for one hour
21 – People can discuss their problems ( over – by – with – at ) Trent .
22 – One of the disadvantages of the computer is that it ( wastes – wasting – waste – wasted)
children’s times playing computer games .
23 – I’d like to help you and your friends ( by – on – with – for ) your project .
24 – One of the main advantages of the car is that you can get to your ( place – destination – area
– goal ) quickly . 25 – Have they ( already – yet – still – just ) decided which city to visit ?
26 – Computers store ( many – a lot – lost – a lot of ) information .
27 – The internet is the fastest growing communication system in ( man – humanity – human –
humanly )history .
28 – Computers let you communicate with people in other countries very (early – urgent –quickly
29 – We are going to ( make – do – carry – see ) a project on Hurghnada in history .
 30 – The number of cars is increasing and pollution is ( probably – likely – can – would ) to get worse
31 – A vegetarian is someone who doesn’t eat ( meat – fish – meat or fish – vegetables ) .
32 – ( Unless – Although – Because – So ) some students are studying English , they don’t peak well
33 – Are there any sports ( facetious – games – matches – plays )we can use ?
34 – The two brothers are very ( different – variable – similar – changeable ) ; I believe they are twins .
35 – Tamer and I are ( enemies – colleagues – rivals – opponents ) we are engineers working
together in building the bridge .
36 – You need to take ( unskilfl – ignorant – inexpert – professional ) advice about your claim
37 – I kept our family’s jewellery and ( signals – documents – cards – signs ) farm in a bank safe .
38 – The plane sent a radio ( letter – card – mail – message ) asking for help .
39 – I live in a ( bungalow – penthouse – flat – villa ) on the second floor in the new building .
40 – Egypt is carrying out ( buttons – projects – resources )that will increase the national income .
41 – I use my computer to send ( e-mails – cables – telegrams )to my pen- friend through the internet .
42 – The new motorway ( separates – disposes – disconnects – links )the two cities . We can
now cover the distance in a short time .
43 – All means of ( communication – letters – cables – postcards )are prevented .
44 – He is a great ( expert – novice – fool – inexpert ) in the field of solar energy .
45 – One of the ( main – well – likely )advantages of computers is that they store a lot of inf .
46 – Computers let you ( touch – do – communicate – use ) with people in other countries easily
47 – It’s better to have a computer linked ( to – at – with – for ) the internet .
48 – People can write to each other ( electronic – electronically - electronical – electrons ) .
49 – Think about the positive and ( passive – negative – wrong – mistaken ) things of computers
50 – Are you for or ( versus – against – opponent – again ) using computers at home ?
51 – You have to start your composition with ( an introduction – a beginning – a start – first ) .
52 – You have to end your composition with ( an end – finishing – a conclusion – use ) .
53 – The drawbacks of computers are not so ( much – lots – many – a lot ).
54 – Modern technology owes much ( for – to – with – by ) computers .
55 – When you use the computer, you type on the ( mouse – keyboard – disk – log ) .
56 – A ( printer – log – web – CD ) is a small flat circular object that stores many kinds of information .
57 – You can see what you are typing on the ( screen – keyboard – net – surf) .
58 – You click on the internet button with your ( mouse – virus – web – system ) .
59 – She has found useful ( matter – information – net) on the internet .
60 – Has Nabeel ( ever – never – usually – always ) used the internet ?
61 – Surfing means looking for things on the ( web – keyboard – mouse – printer ) .
62 – Nowadays the computer is necessary ( on – at – with – for ) everyday life .