SCHMITT TRIGGER

ST). The output will remain in this I.

Historical background
The Schmitt Trigger was first

state, as long as the input voltage is above the second Threshold threshold Level. level, When the Low the input

invented from Otto H. Schmitt in the 1934. By that time, Otto Schmitt was a student. In the year 1937, he published his invention in his doctoral. The name he gave was "thermionic trigger" . II.

voltage goes below this level, the output of the Schmitt Trigger will switch. The HIGH and LOW output

voltages are actually the POSITIVE and

Abstract

NEGATIVE power supply voltages of the comparator. The comparator needs to have positive and negative power supply (like + and -) to operate as a Schmitt Trigger normally.

The original Schmitt trigger is based on the dynamic threshold idea that is implemented by a voltage divider with a switchable upper leg (the collector resistors Rc1 and Rc2) and a steady lower leg (RE). T1 acts as

Keywords
Threshold, Trigger,Cutt-off ,Saturation III. Sr.

a comparator with input (T1 and of a base-emitter non-inverting with

a differential junction) emitter) different

Component list
Component Value s 1 Transistor BC547 2 Resistor 100 300 500 2 1 2 2 No.

consisting of an inverting (T1 base) (T1 two inputs. The Schmitt Trigger is a type comparator threshold voltage levels. Whenever the input voltage goes over the High Threshold Level, the output of the comparator is switched HIGH (if is a standard ST) or LOW (if is an inverting

Function Generator

2Khz

shown in the second scope. The third scope is a graph of the output versus input. Let's say the input starts at ground. A voltage divider puts Q1's collector at about 2.1 V, and Q2's base at about 1.5 V. Q2's emitter is at about 900mV, about a diode drop lower than its base. Q2 is conducting, bringing the output low. Q1's emitter is tied to Q2's, at 900mV, so Q1 will be off until the input rises to about 1.5V. Once that happens, Q1 will conduct, bringing its collector low, which will lower the voltage of Q2's base and shut it off, bringing the output high. If the input drops slightly below 1.5V, Q1 will stay on, because Q2 is no longer keeping its emitter at 900mV. So a noisy input will not cause the output to shift rapidly between high and low. The input has to drop below about 1.1V in order to turn on Q2. When this happens, the current Q1 is low enough that it comes out of saturation and goes into forwardactive mode, and the voltage drop across it becomes large enough to turn on Q2. Q2 shuts off Q1 and brings the output low. If the input rises slightly above 1.1V again, this will not change the output; the input has to rise above 1.5V to turn on Q1.

DC Supply

Power 5V

IV.

Circuit diagram

Fig.1. Schmitt trigger

V.

Working

This circuit is a Schmitt Trigger, a type of comparator. It measures the input to see if it is above or below a certain threshold. The threshold varies to make it less likely that the output will switch rapidly back and forth due to a noisy input near the threshold. The input is a noisy 40 Hz sine wave, shown in the first scope. The output is

i. ii. iii. iv.

Squaring circuit Sine-to-square comparater Amplitude comparater As flip flops

VIII.

Steps For Designing PCB

i. ii.

Fig. 2 Output of Schmitt Trigger

Selecting the Desired Circuit Simulate the circuit using Multisim Software and Check the output.

iii.

Cut the PCB into Desired size and Draw the circuit layout on it.

VI. i.

Merits
Elimination of noise in digital signal. ii. Provides proportional input.
iii.

iv.

Paint the Tracks on the copper clad Ech the PCB using Copper Sulphate Solution Drill the Holes onto the copper clad where we need to insert the components

v.

linear to

or the
vi.

output

The triggering potentials is almost potential. same as ground

vii.

Mount he Components onto the PCB Solder the Components on the opposite side of the copper clad

viii.

iv.

Increases noise immunity of the circuit

ix.

Check the Circuit

Output

of

the

VII.

Applications

IX.

Conclusion

The Schmitt trigger thus can be used for a variety of purposes, its main purpose being a square wave generator. Being simple to build it can easily be implemented on a PCB in labs. Apart from its many uses the Schmitt efficient trigger and is also on a to energy a wide works with

frequency range .It is an inverting comparator shaped waveform. squaring positive square as circuit. feedback, can convert an irregular waveform it is also known

X.
i. ii. iii.

Refrences
www.google.com www.indiabix.com www.wikipedia.com