Notes on Philippine Medically Important Protozoans Part 2 (Coccidian and Sporozoan)

Meccar Moniem Elino, BSBio IV , Davao Doctors College Instructor: Mrs. Chalee Sienes-Reyes, RMT, MSMT, Ph.D Reference: Philippine textbook of Medical Parasitology 2nd ed.(2004) UP. Edited by Vicente Y. Belizario, Jr. and Winifreda U. de Leon

Trophozoite

Cyst

Infective Stage

Transmission

Naegleria fowleri

Trophozoite with broad pseudopods Actively motile Forms the flagellate stage

Single-walled cyst Does not encyst in tissues

Cyst

penetration in broken skin or entry thru olfactory

Acanthamoeba

Trophozoite with filamentous pseudopods Sluggishly motile Does not form flagellate stage Double-walled cyst May encyst in tissues

Double-walled cyst May encyst in tissues

Cyst

penetration through ulcerated or broken skin

Balantidium coli

an actively motile ciliate; highly specialized for reproduction and food intake (cytostome)

a latent survival stage is significant in transmission; infective stage with one large nucleus

cysts

ingestion of contaminated food or drink with contaminated water; fecal/oral

Giardia lamblia

flagellate protozoan( 10 x 10 um) having two large nuclei, a large sucking disc, and many flagella; face - like appearance

slightly smaller the trophozoite with four nuclei and parabasal body

cyst

ingestion of contaminated food or drink with contaminated water; fecal/oral

Trichomonas vaginalis

only a flagellate trophozoite with four flagella and undulating membrane

Trophozoite

sexual contact

Cryptosporidium parvum

Sporozoan(coccidian) parasite exhibits both asexual(schizogony) and sexual(gametogony) in the brush border of the intestinal epithelium Oocyts are released from the cells and transmitted

sporulated oocysts

fecal/oral

Cyclospora cayetanensis

a sporozoan(coccidian) parasite of the small intestine asexual and sexual cycle similar to Cryptosporidium but oocysts are larger

sporulated oocysts

ingestion of contaminated food or drink with contaminated water; fecal/oral

Toxoplasma gondii

intracellular coccidian(sporozoan) parasite infecting various tissues(systemic) but confined to intestines in felines infected tissues release pseudocysts containing bradyozoites feline intestines release oocyts containing tachyzoites Pathogenesis : cellular death due to intracellular muliplication of trophozoites especially severe in fetal and cerebral tissues

Eat of infected undercooked/raw meat

Babesia microti

The organisms resemble P.falciparum they vary more in shape and in size; and they do not produce pigment evidence of Maltese cross formation

Bite/Skin Penetration