Production and marketing of maize with special reference to Dindigul District, Tamilnadu Interview schedule for Maize growers

I. Personal data 1. Name : 2. Name of the place: 3. Sex : Male /Female 4. Age : Below 30 31-40 41-50 above 50 5. Marital status : Married Unmarried 6. Educational status Illiterate Upto Primary level HSC Degree/Diploma 7. Community : FC BC MBC SC/ST 8. Occupation in Agriculture Main Allied 9. Nature of the grower Owner Tenant 10. No. of Dependents Adult Male Female Total Children Male Female Total total 11. Categories of Farmers Small Big 12. Experience in Maize cultivation 1 2 years 3 5 years 5 7 years Above 7 years 13. How many acres of Land are used for maize cultivation? 1 to 2 acres 2 to 3 acres 3 to 5 acres Above 5 acres 14. Annual family income from agriculture Rs. 0 - 50,000 B 50001 1,00,000 B 1,00,001 -2,00,000 B 2,00,001 3,00,000 B Above 5 lakhs 2.1 Do you cultivate maize under rainfed or irrigation? irrigated

Professional

Rain fed

2.1.1 If irrigated, do you cultivate maize in all seasons? Yes No

2.1.2 If no, in which season you are not cultivated maize Adi bottam puratasipatham

2.1.3 State in ----- of irrigation used Well River Canal Bore well

2.1.4 How many times the crop irrigated? 5 times 6 8 hours 8 to 10 times

2.2. How many times plough your field before sowing? One time Two times Three times

2.2.1 How do you plough your field? Tractor Bullock cart 2.2.2 Do you make a provision for shallow -------- before saving? Yes No

2.2.3 If yes, what is the distance between each shallow for 60cm 45 cm

2.3 How much cost incurred for field preporation per acre? Rs. 2000-3000 Rs. 3000-5000 Rs. Above 5000 2.4 When do you show seed after completion field preparation? Immediately After one week After 15 days

2.5 Do you use hybrid seed or not? Yes No

2.5.1 If yes state the type of hybrid seed rank is the a---Lack & knowledge Non availability High cost Poor incentive from the Govt.

2.2.6 How much seeds have you used per acre?

3 kgs

4 kgs

5 kgs

6 kgs

7kgs

2.7 State the method of saving seeds (plane i. Sowing seeds behind the plough ii. Drilling method iii. Dibbling method Iv. Brand casting method 2.8 What is the gap between each plant? 10cm 20 cm 30 cm

2.9. Do you sow one seed or two seed in each hole? One Two

2.19 Do you mix any desticide with seeds before sowing Yes NO

2.11 Whether yield has increased by using hybrid seeds? Yes No

2.12 If yes, how much yield per acre has increased? 0-1 tons 1 to 2 tons 2 to 3 tons Above 3 tons

2.13 How much cost spend for sowing work per acre? B 2000-3000 Rs. 3000-4000 Rs. Above 5000

2.14 How many times weeding operation is done? 1 time 2 times 3 times 2.14.1 How it is performed? Manual Machine pesticide

2.14.2 If manual, whether ad pure lab our is available for weeding operation Yes No

2.15 How much cost is incurred for wedding per acre?

Less than Rs.1000

Rs. 1000-2000 Rs.2000-3000 Rs. Above 3000

2.16 Do you apply organic manure before ploughing? Yes No

2.16.1 Of no state the reasons High cost Non available Unncessary

2.17 Do you test soil before applying fertilizers? Yes No

2.18 How many times you use in organic fertilizers Yes No

2.19 Mention the type of fertilizers used per acre? Urea kg

Super phosphate Potash 2.20 Do you feel fertilizers shortage in market? Yes No

2.21 Whether fertilizers are supplied by the Govt at subsidized rate or not Yes No

2.22 How much cost incur for application of fertilizers per acre? Rs 1000 to 2000 Rs 2000 to 3000 Rs. 5000 to 7000 Rs. Above 7000

2.23 Whether maize is affected by diseases? Yes No

2.24 If yes, what type of diseases that affect the crop? 1. Dowry mildew 2. Stem diseases 3. 4. Shootfly & abhids 5. Insects

2.25 How much cost incur to Rs. Less than Rs. 1000

Rs. 1000 2000 Rs.2000 3000 Rs. Above 3000 2.18 How do you harvest? Mechanical manual both

2.19 Problems encountered with maize cultivation S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2.20 Yes Problem Water scarcity Shortage of labor Non availability of seed Weeds Diseases Lack of finance High cost of Input Lack of scientific knowledge Any other reason Does the agricultural department staff visit your field? No Rank

2.20.1 If yes, What one is assistance provided by the agricultural dept? 1. Hybrid seeds 2. Pesticides 3. Fertilishers 4. Education 5. Any other service

2.21 Are you s------- with cultivation of maize? Very much statisfied satisfied dissatisfied very much dissatisfied indifference

2.21.1. If satisfied How do you take in preference S.No. 1. Particulars High income Rank

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Low cost Easy marketing Short duration Low water availability Rest & disease resistance COST AND RETURN

3.1 FIXED ASSETS Fixed assets (other than land) used in maize cultivation S.No. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Name of Assets Well/bore well Shed/ store room Farm house Bullocks Bullock carts Tractor Agri.equipments Electric motor Oil engine Power sprayer Year of purchase Present value Maintains cost

3.2 Establishment cost per acre 3.2.1. Preparation of field expenses S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Types Ploughing Farming beds Fencing g Material cost Labour cost Total

3.3. Seeds pen acre i. Type of seeds used : certified / uncertified / local ii. Sources of purchase of seeds : a. Private iii. cost per kg Rs. 3.4 Type of Fertilishers b. Govt. c. Home made

S.No. 1. 2. 3.

Name Organic In organic Both

Qty

Cost

Transport cost

Total

3.5 Cost of cultivation per acre 3.5.1 Cost of Materials S.No. Materials Cost 1. Seeds 2. Natural manure 3. Fertilishers 4. Irrigation 5. Others 3.5.2 Cost of Labour S.No. Type of work Male Female 1. Preparing land 2. Ploughing 3. Sowing seeds 4. Weeding 5. Fertilishers of pesticides 6. Irrigation 7. Harvesting 8. Others 3.5.2.1 Rate of wages : Male Female 3.5.3 Cost of Irrigation a. Electricity 3.5.4 Cost of Insurance premium 3.5.5. Land Tax 3.5.6. Value of rent per acre IV MARKETING 4.1 How did you marketing your crops? i. Village merchants ii. Commission agents iii. Whole salers vi. If any other (specify) B. Diesel Rs.

Labor cost

Total

MLC

FLC

Total

iv. Co-op marketing society

V. pre harvest contractors

4.2 State the reasons for preferring village merchants (rank them) i. No transport cost v. Easy accessibility ii. Offering finance vi. Immediate payment iii. Supply of inputs iv. Reasonable price viii. No commissions

vii. Correct weighing

ix. Supply of gunnies

x. Long term practice

Xi. First come first

4.3 State the reasons for preferring commission agents (rank them) 1. Immediate cash ii. Advance received iii. Higher price iv. Storage facilities cost vi. Storage facilities vii. Long term practice 4.4 State the reasons for attraction of regulated markets (rank them) i. correct weighting v. packing materials 4.5 Time of selling produce i. Immediately after harvest ii. At the time of fetching high price iii. After storing for some time ii. Reasonable price iii. No commission iv. Immediate payment v. No transport

4.6 if you sell the produce after storing mentioned period below (please tick) i. Less than 30 days ii. 31-60 days iii. 61-90 days iv. 91 120 days v. More than 120 days

4.7. Where do you store producers? i. own storage facility ii. Regulated market 4.8 if storing, does it affect i. quality iii. Weight iii. Both iii. Co-op marketing society iv. Any other specity

4.9 do you weigh your produce by yourself before sales? Yes no

4.9.1. if no, state reasons for not weighing before sales i. No weighing maching ii. Lack of knowledge iii. Any other (specify) iv. Not interested

4.10 do you know as what basis the price of maize is fixed? i. quality ii. Market arrivals iii. Syndicate iv. Technique of traders v. Govt

4.11 How do you know the market price of maize? i. village traders ii. Commission agents iii. News papers vii. Fodder firm iv. Friends & relatives v. Govt

vi. pre-harvest contractors

4.12 Are you satisfied with the market price? Yes No

If no, what is the price expected per quintal? 4.13 Please give details of the marketing costs : S.No. 1. 2.

Rs.

Type of cost Cost per acre Transport cost Loading / unloading 3. Packing 4. Weighing charges 5. Commission / brokerage 6. Two 4.14 What are the most significant problems marketing of maize? (rank them in order of priority) S.No. Nature of problems Response 1. Lack of storage 2. Lack of transport 3. Lack of market 4. Lack of Information 5. Price fluctuations 6. Indebtness to traders 7. Inadequate market finance 8. Absence of grading 9. Delay in auction 10. Delay in auction 11. Collusion among the traders 12. Any other problems 4.15 Give your suggestions for the improvement of maize cultivation? Interview schedule for traders, whole salers and commission agents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Name Address Age Education Social status Experience Investment in maize trading Rs. How do your purchase maize i. Farmers house/field ii. Market 9. Purchase details S.No. seasons quantity 1. p 2. off 10. Terms of purchase Rank

iii. Any other

i. cash purchase

ii. Credit purchase

iii. Both

11. Mode of transport by i. Lorry ii. Tractor iii. Mini lorry iv. Minivan

12. Marketing expenses of maize S.No. Particulars Cost per 1. Packing 2. Loading 3. Transport 4. Unloading 5. Market fee 6. Establishment 7. Weighing charges 8. Travelling expenses 9. Total 13. Sales to i. Wholesalers ii. Industry iii. Customers iv. Export v. any other specify 14. Sales per month i. Quantity ii. Price iii. Value 15. Do you sell on credit ? Yes No 15.1. If yes, specify the period of credit 16. How do you fix selling price? i. Market arrival ii. Market price trend iii. Demand & supply iv. Based on MSP 17. Do you have any problems uncounted at the time of purchase and sale? Yes No

18. Any other relevant observations noted by the researcher