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TOPIC 3: TRIGONOMETRY
π rad = 180°
(a) 1
2
π rad = ° (e) 300° = rad
(b) 3
2
π rad = ° (f) 270° = rad
3
(d) 4
π rad = ° (h) 45° = rad
Trigonometry identity
cos2θ + sin2θ = 1
cot2θ + 1 = cosec2θ
1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
Example 2
2 5 2 3
Find the exact values of (a) sec , (b) cosec , (c) cot , (d) sec
3 6 3 4
Example 3
List down all the angles between -2π and 4π with the same secant value as 52 .
Example 4
2
Given that sin x = , where x is obtuse, find the exact value of
5
(i) cosec2 x, (ii) cos2 x, (iii) sec x, (iv)cot x
3. Given that sin A 53 , where A is acute, and cos B 12 , where B is obtuse, find the
exact values of
(a) sec A,
(b) cot A,
(c) cot B,
(d) cosec B.
4. Given that cosec C = 7, sin2 D = 12 and tan2 E = 4, find the possible values of cot C,
sec D and cosec E, giving your answers in exact form.
Page 3
3.2 Graphs of trigonometric functions and its applications
(a) y = sin θ
(c) y = cos θ
Example 5
Given the θ is in the interval of -360° ≤ θ ≤ 720°, how many values of θ satisfy the
equation cos θ = cos 20°.
Example 6
Given the range θ is in the interval of 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°, state the number of values of θ
satisfying the equation cosec θ = cosec (– 30°).
Example 7
State all the solutions of the equation: cot θ = cot(-150°), where θ is in the interval -
180° ≤ θ ≤ 360°.
Example 8
By sketching suitable graph, show that the equation
sec x = 3 – x2
cosec x = ½ x + 1,
2 cot x = 1 + ex,
where x is in radians, has only one root in the interval 0 < x < ½ π. [2]
4. By the graph of the trigonometric ratios from note 3.2, state the number of solutions
for the following equations for -180° ≤ θ ≤ 720°.
(a) tan θ = tan 70°
(b) sin θ = sin -10°
(c) sec θ = sec 180°
(d) cosec θ = cosec 35°
Page 6
3.3 Trigonometric Functions On Sum And Difference Of Angles
Special angles:
Example 9
Find the exact value of (a) sin 15° and (b) tan 105°.
Example 10
Without using a calculator, find the exact value of
1 1 tan 15
(a) (cos 75 sin 75 ) (b)
2 1 tan 15
Example 11
8 12 1
You are given that sin A = , that sin B = , and that 0 < B < < A < π. Find the
17 13 2
exact value of tan (A + B) and cos (A – B)
Page 7
Exercise 3.3: Trigonometric Functions On Sum And Difference Of Angles
12 4
3. If sinA = and sin B = , angles A and B are acute, find
13 5
(a) cos A (d) sin (A + B)
(b) cos B (e) cos (A + B)
(c) tan B (f) tan (A + B)
5 1
4. If cos A = and cos B = , angles A is acute and B is obtuse, find
7 5
(a) sin A (c) sin (A – B)
(b) sin B (d) cos (A – B)
Double angles
sin 2A = 2sin A cos A
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A
= 2cos2 A – 1
= 1 – 2sin2 A
2 tan A
tan 2 A
1 tan 2 A
Trigonometry identities
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ
1 + cot2 θ = cosec2 θ
Example 12
Solve the equation 1 – 2sin θ – 4 cos 2θ = 0, for all values of θ from 0° to 360°.
Example 13
Solve the equation tan 2x + 5 tan x = 0 for all values of θ from 0° to 360°.
Example 14
2
Given that θ is obtuse with sin θ = , find cos 2θ and tan 2θ.
3
Page 8
Exercise 3.4: Solving double angles’ trigonometric equations
3
2. Given that x is acute such that cos x = , find the exact values of
5
(a) sin 2x
(b) cos 2x
3
3. Given that cos B = , find the exact values of cos 2B and cos ½ B.
4
7
4. If cos 2A = , find the possible values of cos A and sin A.
18
12
5. If tan 2A = , find the possible values of tan A.
5
b
Given that R = a 2 b 2 , tan :
a
(i) a sin θ + b cos θ ≡ R sin(θ + α),
(ii) a sin θ – b cos θ ≡ R sin(θ – α),
(iii) a cos θ + b sin θ ≡ R cos(θ – α),
(iv) a sin θ – b cos θ ≡ R cos(θ + α)
Example 15
Solve the equation 3 cos θ – sin θ = 1, for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°. Hence find the solutions of the
equation, giving your answer to the nearest 0.1°.
Example 16
Express 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ, in the form R cos(θ – α). Hence find the:
(a) maximum value of 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ
(b) minimum value of 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ
1
(c) minimum value of
3 cos 4 sin 8
Page 9
Ex 3.5: Expression a sin θ + b cos θ in the form R sin(θ + α) or R cos (θ + α)
2. Express in the given form, and hence find the maximum and minimum values of
(a) sin θ + 2 cos θ; Rsin(θ + α)
(b) 2cos θ – sin θ; Rcos (θ + α)
3. Express cos x + ( 3 )sin x in the form R cos (x – α), giving the exact values of R
and α such that R > 0, and 0° ≤ α ≤ 90°. Hence find the solutions of the equation cos
x + ( 3 )sin x = 2 , giving your answer exactly in degrees.
4. Express 3 cos θ – 5 sin θ in the form R cos( θ + α), where R > 0, and 0° ≤ α ≤ ½ π.
Hence, or otherwise, find the solutions of the equation 3 cos θ – 5 sin θ = 2, giving
your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
5. Express 5 cos θ + sin θ in the form R cos( θ – α), where R > 0, and 0° ≤ α ≤ 90°.
Hence state the maximum value of 5 cos θ + sin θ.
6. Express 8 sin x + 6 cos x in the form R sin ( θ + α), where R > 0, and 0° ≤ α ≤ ½ π.
Hence state the minimum value of 8 sin x + 6 cos x.
7. Express 4 sinθ – 3 cos θ in the form R sin(θ – α), where R > 0, and 0° ≤ α ≤ 90°.
Stating the value of α correct to 2 decimal places.
Hence solve the equation 4 sin θ – 3 cos θ = 2, giving all values of θ such that 0°
≤ θ ≤ 360°.
1
Write down the greatest value of .
4 sin 3 cos 6
8. Express 5 sin θ + 12 cos θ in the form R sin (θ + α), where R is positive and α is acute,
giving the value of α to the nearest 0.1°. Hence solve the equation 6 sec θ – 5
tan θ = 12, for values of θ lying between 0° and 360°, giving your answer to the
nearest 0.1°.
Page 10
3.6 Proving Trigonometrical Identities
Example 17
(a) Prove that cos θ – cos 3θ = 4 sin2 θ cos θ.
(b) Prove that cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ – 3 cos θ.
(c) Prove the identity cot x– cot 2x = cosec 2x.
(d) Prove that sin (A + B) + sin (A – B) = 2 sin A cos B.
5.
6.
7.