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The giant otter has a handful of other names. River wolf (Spanish: lobo de ro) and water dog (Spanish:
perro de agua) are used. Of the more than a dozen otter species in the world (all members of the
Subfamily Lutrinae), the Giant Otter is the largest and rarest. It only lives in South America, and is only
one of two otters recorded in Iwokrama Forest. The other much more common species, the Neotropical
River Otter (Lontra longicaudis) lives in both Central and South America. Otters share the Family
Mustelidae with skunks, weasels, badgers, among others. Their curious nature, ravenous appetite, affinity
for humans, and size are probably the reasons why these aquatic creatures are known as "water dogs".
akka n. Dog; . (.)
akka (dog) -> nakka n. [Telugu. nakka. Kannada. nakke.] Fox; . (W.)
Originally the word nakka would have denoted dog only. Later the word nakka has
denoted fox in the dog family. Therefore from the word nakka, following word was evolved to
denote dog only to distinguish fox and dog.
nakka -> nayakka n. Dog; .
We may compare the words akka & nakka denoting dog and fox with the English Word
Fox and the Tamil Word pgi .
They have given the reason that the bushy tail is also the source of words for "fox" in Welsh (llwynog,
from llwyn "bush"); Sp. (raposa, from rabo "tail"); Lith. (uodegis "fox," from uodega "tail").
Compare:
ha & ha [Sanskrit] 1 An imitative sound.-2 A large drum.-3 A dog's tail.-4 A dog.-5 A
serpent
ta & ta [Sanskrit] 1 A tail.-2 The tail of a jackal.
Fox uses its tail for its food. The fox allows its tail to get into the hole. When the crabs get hold of the fox's
tail, thinking that it is their food, the fox draws its tail out and seizes the crabs. For that reason it has
acquired its name from the word denoting tail.
Actually the word fox is derived from the Tamil word pgi which however denotes dog. It is pertinent
to note that fox is included in the dog family only.
pakkam n. 1. Side; . (. . 5, 5, 5). 2. Neighbourhood,
nearness; . (.) 3. Place; . (, 620). 4. Country, region;
. 5. House; . (. .) 6. Side of the body extending from the shoulder to the hip;
. 7. Wing, feather; . (. 21, 31). 8. Wing of the
arrow; . (. .) 9. Tail; . (. .) 10. Affection, friendship; . (.) 11. Love,
kindness; . (. .) 12. Relation; . (. 18). 13. Family;
. (. .) 14. Army; . (.
(Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid of South America, resembling a large fox with reddish fur. It
is locally known as aguar guaz (meaning "large fox" in the Guarani language)
In Sanskrit, l means house or abode. Jackal was called as lmga house animal, and
dog, wolf etc are called as lvka house wolf.
l [Sanskrit] 1 An apartment, a room, saloon, hall; -2 A house, an abode; -4 The trunk of a
tree. -5 A stable, stall; -6 A pavilion erected for making gifts;
lmga [Sanskrit] a jackal.
lvka [Sanskrit] 1 a dog; Bv.1.72. -2
a wolf. -3 a deer. -4 a cat. -5 a jackal. -6 a monkey.
The word vka also denotes not only wolf but jackal and hyena also.
The genetic analysis of early domestic dogs and wolves emphasises the great resemblance between
these two animals. The lexical blurring of different canids is illustratively seen in the way certain words for
jackal and fox in some Indo-European languages have evolved by means of extending the root variant
for wolf . A similar intertwining between dog and wolf is common in several Indo-European branches as
well (Gamkrelidze & Ivanov 1995: 432433, 505, Pokorny 1959: 1179). An illustrative example is
Estonian hunt wolf < Middle Low German hunt dog. The etymological background of wolf in various
Finno-Ugric languages emphasises the importance of language contacts, especially the borrowing of
Indo-European words that took on the meaning wolf in Finno-Ugric. In many cases the Indo-European
word originally meant something other than wolf. In some case such as Finnish susi (Finnic) the original
meaning of the Finno-Ugric wolf in Indo- European was dog.
Members of the canine family (Canidae) are called canids and include 34 species of dogs, wolves,
jackals, foxes, coyotes, and primitive (wild) dogs. Canids are widely distributed, occurring on all
continents except Antarctica. African Wild Dog Photographed in the Okavango, Botswana Photo: Peter
Malsbury *Taxonomy* Canids are further subdivided into two major tribes or clades: the Canini (dog-like
canids) and Vulpini (fox-like canids). The Vulpini tribe includes most Foxes (i.e. those of the Genus
Vulpes) and the Racoon dog. The Canini tribe includes wolves, dogs, jackals, Bush dogs, Dholes and
also some foxes (i.e. those of the Genus Pseudalopex and Cerdocyon). Molecular analysis, however,
indicates 4 divisions of canids: 1. Wolf-like canids including the domestic dog, dingoes, gray wolves,
coyotes, and jackals, which all have 78 chromosomes arranged in 39 pairs. 2. The South American
canids 3. Old and New World red fox-like canids, such as red foxes and kit foxes 4. Monotypic species,
for example, bat-eared fox and raccoon dog.
Canid Phylogeny
Because of hairy tails which are hanging, people has named dog, jackal and wolf including peacock.
- togu -> tgai n. 1. [Telugu. Malayalam. tka, Kannada. Tulu. tk.] Tail of a
peacock; . (.) 2. Peacock; . (. 346). 3. Woman; .
(. . 10). 4. Feather, plumage; . (.) 5. Tail of an animal;
. (.) (.6). 6. Cloth for wear, garment; .
( . 41, 14). 7. Front end of a cloth; . (.) 8.
Plaited folds of a woman's cloth; . (. 1320). 9. Sheath,
as of sugarcane, of a plantain stem; .
(. 168). (. . 2, 18). 10. Long flag, streamer, banner;
. (.) 11. Anything hanging down, as a flag, as woman's hair; ( .W.) 12. Hollow
head of a palmyra root; ( .W.) 13. Foreskin, prepuce;
( .J.) 14. Women's hair; ). .( . 15. A kind of fish; .
( . .15).
tgai -> English Dog (having hanging tail), Old English. docga, French. dogue (16c.), Danish.
dogge
The gray wolf, or simply the wolf is the largest wild member of the Canidae family. The dog is the
domesticated form of the gray wolf. Genetic drift studies and DNA sequencing confirm that domestic dog
shares a common ancestry with the gray wolf. Eurasia and North America used to hold most of the
worlds wolf population but the numbers have begun to dwindle due to human encroachment. Dogs are
commonly seen in any place that is inhabited by people. For that reason, dogs and wolves were named in
Tamil with the word or from the word ny denoting dog.
uaippu-> Wolf [English], wulf [Old English], wulf [Old Saxon], ulfr [Old Norse], wolf [Old
Frisian, Dutch, Old High German, German], wulfs [Gothic]
Turkey Region
()- nl- v. intr. 1. To hang, swing; to be suspended, hung up; .
(. . 1, 18). 2. To hang oneself; .
(. 2513).
Lettish - vilks
Breton bleiz
Cornish bleydh
Tocharian B walkwe
Polish - wilk
vlagam -> ( vragam)-> ( varagam) -> varugam n. (. .) 1.
Peacock's feather; . 2. Leaf; .
varugam-> verugam n. The under side of tail; . (.)
verugam-> virugam n. 1. A kind of wild dog; .
(. . 83). (.) 2. a beast, ; 3. a wolf, ; 4. a jackal, ; 5. a crow, .
Old English wearg, wearh
Old Saxon warag,
Old Norse vargr (outlaw, wolf)
Svenska - varg
Estonian: varas
Finnish: varas
Karelian: varas
Persian gorg
Baluchi - gurk
Avestan vehrka-;
Bashkir bre
Tatar bre
Chagatai bri
Chechen borz
Ingush borz
Moksha vgaz
Old Persian Varkana- "Hyrcania,"
In the Avestan Book of Vendidad's list of nations, the ninth nation listed is Khnentem Vehrkano, shortened
as Vehrkana. The Achaemenian Old Persian version of the name is Varkana (thought to mean land of the
wolves) which the Greeks wrote as Hyrcania. Later in history, the region came to be known of the Gorgan
region of Mazandaran Province. Gorg in Persian means wolf. Today, Gorgan is a separate province of
Iran called Golestan.
In Norse mythology, a vargr is a wolf and in particular refers to the wolf Fenrir and his sons Skll and
Hati. Based on this, J. R. R. Tolkien in his fiction used the Old English form warg (other O.E. forms being
wearg & wearh) to refer to a wolf-like creature of a particularly evil kind. In Old Norse, vargr denotes "wolf"
varugam-> barha & barham [Sanskrit] 1 A peacock's tail; -2 The tail of a bird. -3 A tailfeather (especially of a peacock); 4 A leaf. -5 A train, retinue.
barhaam [Sanskrit] A leaf.
barhi [Sanskrit] 1. Fire. -2. The Kua grass.
barhia & varhia [Sanskrit] a. Adorned with peacock's feathers.
barhia [Sanskrit] peacock;
barhin & m. A peacock; R.16.64;
virugam -> vka [Sanskrit] 1 A wolf;.-2 A hyena.-3 A jackal. -4 A crow.-5 An owl.-6 A
robber.-7 A Katriya.
vk & bk [hindi] a wolf.
()- nl -> ( nli) -> ( ni) -> ( nyi) -> ny n. [Kannada. Malayalam. Tulu.
ny.] 1. Dog; . (. . 563). 2. Game-pieces, used in
dice; . (. 52). 3. The sign of the regent of the southwest, . 3. Conical pieces in the play of chess or ticklack, .
()- nl -> n n. 1. Tongue; . (, 127). 2. Word;
. (. 316). 3. Middle, centre; . (.) 4. Index of a
balance; . ( .5.
Clapper of a bell; . (. 20, 53). 6. Flame-tongue;
. . (.) 7. Bolt of a lock; . (W.) 8. Wards of a key;
. (W.) 9. Mouthpiece of a music-pipe; . (W.) 10. Neighbourhood; .
(. .) 11. Splendour; . (. .).
n -> nvu n. Tongue; .
Compare: - togu (hanging)-> Tongue [English] tunge [old English] organ of speech, speech,
language," tunga [Old Saxon, Old Norse], tunge [Old Frisian], tonghe [Middle Dutch], tong[Dutch], zunga
Old High German., Zunge [German], tuggo [Gothic].
Dog is named so because of its hanging tongue and tail.
( nyi) -> ni n. Dog . (. . 58, .)
( nli) -> ni n. Dog; . (. .)
()- nl -> ()- l- v. intr. 1. [T. vlu, K. jl, M. luga.] To hang; .
(. 140). 2. To decline, descend, as the sun; .
(. 82, 2).
()- l-> ( li) -> i n. 1. Dog; . (.
122).
( li) -> amali n. 1. Dog; . (. 140). 2. [Telugu.nemali, K. navil.]
Peacock; . (.)
i -> ( ai)-> ( aai)-> eai n. Dog; . (. . 400,
.)
Similarly the word denoting peacock was derived in Tamil.
mayir n. 1. Hair of human beings or animals; fur, fleece; .
(, 964). 2. Down of birds; . (W.) 3. Tail of the yak; . (. . 5, 5).
mayir -> mayil n. [Malayalam. mayil, Tulu. mair.] 1. Peacock, peafowl, Pavo cristatus;
. (. 116). 2. Peacock's crest. , 1.
3. False peacock's-foot tree. . (.) 4. Peacock position .
(. 107).
mayil -> mayilam n. 1. Peacock- feather; . (. .) 2. A shrine sacred to
Skanda in the South Arcot District; .
mayil -> ( mail) -> ( mai) -> ( maai) -> maai n. Peacock; .
(. 13).
mayir -> ( mayiri) -> ( mayri) -> mayram n. 1. Peacock; . (.)
. . . (.70). 2. Peacock position . 3. Peacock
gait . 4. Peacock's crest. , 1, 2. (.) 5. False peacock's foot tree.
. (L.) 6. A plant growing in hedges and thickets. . (.) 7. Black henbane, Hyoscianus
niger; . (. .)
( mayri) -> mri n. Peacock; ( ., 1, .)
mayram-> mayra [Sanskrit] 1 A peacock; -2 A kind of flower. -3 N. of a poet (author of the
); -4 A kind of instrument for measuring time. -5 (In music) A kind of gait.
mayr [Sanskrit] A pea-hen;
For the word rman, Sanskrit pundits are giving the following inappropriate etymological citation.
ru [Sanskrit] I. 2 P. 1 To cry, howl, scream, yell, shout, roar; to hum (as bees); to sound in general; Caus. To make sound; -II. 1 . 1 To go, move. -2 To hurt, kill. -3 Ved. To break to pieces.
ul n. (J.) 1. Sharp stick or iron to peel coconuts; . 2. Impaling stake; .
The meaning of removing is now obsolete for the word ul in Tamil.
ul -> ( ulu) -> ( ul)-> ( ulmam)-> lmam [Sanskrit] A tail
lna [Sanskrit] p. p. Plucked, gathered (flowers &c.).
( ul)-> ( ullugam)-> lluka [Sanskrit] A frog.
Tailed frog
( ulmam)-> ulmam n. 1 Hair growing over the body of men or of animals; .
(. .) 2. Horse; . 3. That which is first; .4. Tilka; .4. Horse's
trappings; . 5. Tail; . 5. The end of tip of a tail,
Sicilian: lupu
Spanish: lobo
Volapk: lup
Walloon: leu
From the following words, dog and wolf in Sanskrit and other indo European languages were derived.
uccu n. Dog--as .
ucceal n. Utterance of an imit. word used in calling a dog;
.
- uccu-k-ku- v. tr. To urge or set a dog on a person or an object by repeating
the sound , while simultaneously pointing to the object of attack;
.
uccu -> ucci n. (Onom. imit. of beckoning sound `cu'). Dog; . (.)
ucci-> uccay [Berber (Kabyl)] Dog;
ucci -> ( usi) -> usi. [Telugu] n. A hiss, hissing. usi-konu. v. i. To give the chase as a
dog does . usi-kolpu. v. a. To hiss a dog on. To excite or stir up anger.
a quaver or superfluous syllables, used in singing. . n. Dust, powder, . oaths are
nonsense.
ucciccire & ucciccir. [Telugu.] Hey! hiss! a word used in setting a dog on to fight.
uccu -> ( usu) -> - usuppu- v. tr. 1. To rouse, wake up, incite; to urge as dogs;
Loc. 2. To frighten; to drive away, as birds; . (W.)
- ucumpu- v. tr. To rebuke, rant, hector; . (.
. 13, 59).
( usu) -> uju n. Onom. expr. used in calling dogs; . (J.)
( usu) -> us n. Hissing sound for scaring away dogs, birds, etc.;
. (W.)
( usu) -> ( asu) -> asuam n. Dog; . (. 132).
( asu) -> Asu [Batak (Toba)] Dog;
su/cu +
su/cu -> chuchu [Marathi] ind The sound uttered in driving off a dog. Opp. to
.
su/cu +
su/cu +
. (.)
suaga -> shynnagh [Manx ] fox.
suaga -> Sionnach [Scottish Gaelic], sionnach [Irsih] sinnach [Old Irish]. fox, red fox
suaga -> Sunakha [Pali] a dog
suaga -> soonahk [Thai]
( suam) -> sui n. Bitch; . (W.)
sui -> uni [Sanskrit] A dog.
sui -> un [Sanskrit] f. A female dog, a bitch;
unra [Sanskrit] A number of female dogs.
( suam) -> una [Sanskrit] A dog.
suaga -> unaka [Sanskrit] 1 N. of a sage.-2 A dog.-3 A young dog.
( suam) -> ( sam) -> Sona [Pali] a dog
Sona [Pali] -> San [Pali] a dog
Sana [Pali] -> Romansch: chaun
Albanian: qen
Aromanian: cne
Campidanese Sardinian: cani
Catalan: ca
Dalmatian: cun
French: chien
Friulan: cjan
Istriot: can
Italian: cane
Jrriais: tchian
Latin: canis
Logudorese Sardinian: cane
Portuguese: co
Romanian: cine
Sicilian: cani
Spanish: can
Venetian: can
Armenian an