TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ANY ANGLE Meaning of Angle Angle is a geometric figure consisting of the union of two rays called

the sides, that share a common endpoint called the vertex. The ray in the initial position before the rotation, is called the initial side of the angle. The ray in the terminal position, after the rotation, is called the terminal side of the angle.

Angle in Standard Position An angle in rectangular coordinate system is said to be in standard position if its vertex is at the origin and if its initial side coincide with the positive x-axis An angle created this way has a positive measure if the rotation was counterclockwise, and a negative measure if the rotation was clockwise. The measure of an angle indicates the amount of rotation from the initial to the terminal side.

Positive Angle

Negative Angle

Sketch the following angles in their standard position. Indicate the direction of rotation by an arrow and label its initial and terminal sides. a. 120
1200 300 O

120 = 90 + 30. Draw the terminal side of the angle 30 counterclockwise past the positive y-axis.

b. 90 The angle is negative. Draw the terminal side of the angle 90 clockwise from the positive x-axis.
O 900

c. 765 765 = 360 + 360 + 45. Draw the terminal side of the angle 45 counterclockwise past the positive x-axis.

NAME : ________________________________ DATE ___________________ COURSE AND SECTION _________________ INSTRUCTOR ______________________

Exercise No
Angle in Standard Position Direction. Sketch the following angles in their standard position. Indicate the direction of rotation by an arrow and label its initial and terminal sides. -2700

1.

2.

- 600

3.

1350

4.

6300

5.

11 6

c. 765 765 = 360 + 360 + 45. Draw the terminal side of the angle 45 counterclockwise past the positive x-axis.

Finding the Reference Angle

By Reed Denney Explanation: The reference angle of an angle in standard position is the acute angle r formed by the terminal side of and the horizontal axis. When determining the reference angle vertically drop (or raise), the line to the horizontal axis (x-axis). The degree of the acute angle, with vertex on the origin, in the triangle that is created is the reference angle. Calculating: If the angle stays within the 1st quadrant, the degree of that angle is always the reference angle. If the angle expands to the 2nd quadrant, you would use the expression 180-the angle = the reference angle. If the angle expands to the 3rd quadrant, you would us the expression: the angles-180= the reference angle.

If the angle expands all the way to the 4th quadrant you would use the expression: 360-the angles= the reference angle. Quadrantal Angles: Angles 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 do not have reference angles because they are quadrantal angles. Examples:

In the example above you have an angle of 135. If you drop an imaginary line vertically down, you can see that it makes an angle of 45 which is the reference angle.

In this second example you have an angle of 240. This time, since the angle is below the x-axis, you would raise an imaginary line up to the x-axis. Thus creating an angle of 60, which is the reference angle for 240.