Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

D.Kanchana (21108121027), Nalini.A.Krishnan (21108121034)

Guide: Mrs. A. N. Nithyaa, Senior Lecturer, Rajalakshmi Engineering College.

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Aim and Objective

Aim
To automate the classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic diseases using Digital Image processing techniques.

Motivation
Visual inspection of microscopic images - labor-intensive, repetitive and time consuming task. Non-existence of automated technique in life science laboratories. Automation - important for medical diagnostics, planning, and treatment.

Objective
Feature extraction of known samples Master feature set creation ( Mean, Variance, Moments, Entropy) of known samples Feature set creation of test sample To classify the disease based on the minimum Euclidean distance calculation

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Data

Normal Blood Smear

Elephantiasis Blood Smear

Malaria Blood Smear

Trypanosomiasis Blood Smear

Polycythemia Blood Smear

Sickle Cell Anaemia Blood Smear

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Materials & Methods

Materials
Software
MATLAB 7.5.0(R2009)

Microscopic Image samples

Known samples - 20 Test samples - 20

Methods
Reading pixel values Size normalisation Grey level conversion Feature extraction Minimum Euclidean distance calculation

Image Acquisition System

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Block Diagram
Image
Known Samples Pre Processing Feature Extraction Minimum Euclidean distance calculation Pre Processing Feature Extraction Classification

Image Test Sample

Output

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Algorithm Methodology- Feature Extraction

Image

Gray level conversion Image resizing Converting to double

Mean Calculation
Variance Calculation Moment Calculation

Read the input microscopic blood smear image. Convert the image to a Grayscale image. Resize the input image. Convert the image type to double data type. Extract Mean, Variance, 3rd order & 4th order Moment, Entropy of the image and store it in an array. Average the feature values and form a Master feature set for Normal, Elephantiasis, Trypanosomiasis, Malaria, Polycythemia and Sickle Cell Anaemia.

Master feature set creation

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Algorithm Methodology- Classification

Image Gray level conversion

Image resizing Converting to double Mean Calculation

Variance Calculation
Moment Calculation Master feature set creation Minimum Euclidean distance calculation between the test sample and the master feature set Classification
Department of Biomedical Engineering

Read the input microscopic blood smear image that has to be tested. Convert the image to a Grayscale image and resize it. Convert the image to double data type. Extract Mean, Variance, 3rd order & 4th order Moment, Entropy of the test image and store it in an array. Calculate Minimum Euclidean distance of the feature set of the test sample with various Master feature set for Normal, Elephantiasis, Malaria, Trypanosomiasis, Polycythemia and Sickle Cell Anaemia and store it in an array. Find the minimum value of the array. Based on the minimum value, the blood smear image is classified.

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Quantitative Results
Sample Mean Variance Normalized variance 0.2159 0.2095 0.2095 Moment 3rd order -0.0008 -0.0008 -0.0008 Moment 4th order 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Entropy Normalized entropy 0.8088 0.8163 0.7927

Normal 1 Normal 2 Normal 3

0.8487 0.8491 0.8494

836.1780 811.4493 811.4828

4.8937 4.9385 4.7959

Normal 4
Master feature set

0.8537
0.8502

803.0929
815.5507

0.2074
0.2106

-0.0009
-0.0008

0.0002
0.0002

4.7941
4.8556

0.7924
0.8026

Elephant 1
Elephant 2 Master feature set

0.7596
0.7586 0.7591

523.3367
538.0814 530.7091

0.1351
0.1389 0.1370

-0.0012
-0.0013 -0.0013

0.0004
0.0005 0.0005

5.7054
5.7038 5.7046

0.9430
0.9427 0.9429

Feature Value Extraction

Department of Biomedical Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Cont.
Sample With normal blood smear 0.0222 0.4481 With With elephantiasis malaria blood smear blood smear 0.0128 0.0515 0.5032 0.5340 With With trypanosomiasis polycythemia blood smear blood smear 0.0348 0.4851 0.0578 0.3286 With sickle cell anaemia blood smear 0.8455 0.0365 Output

Unknown 2 Unknown 9

elephantiasis sickle cell anaemia

Unknown 10
Unknown 12 Unknown 13 Unknown 15 Unknown 16

0.0094
0.0096 0.0651 0.8243 0.1772

0.0150
0.0392 0.1813 0.8606 0.1436

0.0320
0.0192 0.0509 0.9032 0.2788

0.0164
0.00097 0.0791 0.8619 0.2265

0.0460
0.0428 0.1530 0.7380 0.0820

0.7792
0.6977 0.4556 0.2173 0.3235

normal
trypanosomasis malaria not available polycythemia

Minimum Euclidean Distance calculation

Department of Biomedical Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Conclusions
Advantages
Gives quantitative results for accurate diagnosis Minimal human intervention. More accurate results Synchronization of the results with interpretation from human experts. More advantageous than manual inspection Better and effective Less time consuming and less laborious Aimed at hospitals in rural areas where there is a crisis for skilled Pathologists and Lab technicians. Thus our project can be a valuable asset in the life science laboratories. In future, our project can be further extended for the detection and classification of other blood cell disorders. It can be also used for Automated Detection of cancer cells and tumors.

Conclusions

Future scope

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Some of the References

[1] [2] [3] John Frean, Microscopic determination of malaria parasite load: role of image analysis 862:866, 2010. Poomcokrak. J and Neatpisarnvanit. C, Red Blood Cells Extraction and Counting 199:203, 2008. Hirimutugoda Y M and Dr. Gamini Wijayarathna Image Analysis System for Detection of Red Cell Disorders Using Artificial Neural Networks, Sri Lanka Journal of Bio-Medical Informatics 2010; 1(1):35-42 [4] Haralick RM, Shanmugan K, Dinstein I: Textural features for image classification, IEEE Trans Syst Man Cyber Vol SMC 3610-621, 1973. [5] Neetu Ahirwar, Sapnojit. Pattnaik, and Bibhudendra Acharya, Advanced image analysis Based System for Automatic Detection and Classification of Malaria Parasite in Blood Images, International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management, January-June 2012, Volume 5, No. 1, pp. 59-64 [6] Prof. Samir K. Bandyopadhyay and Sudipta Roy, Detection of Sharp Contour Of the element of the WBC and Segmentation of two leading elements like Nucleus And Cytoplasm International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2012, pp.545-551 [7] S. S. Savkare and S. P. Narote, Automatic Detection of Malaria Parasites for Estimating Parasitemia, International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), Volume (5) : Issue (3) : 2011. [8] Jigyasha Soni, Advanced Image Analysis based system for Automatic Detection of Malaria Parasite in Blood Images Using SUSAN Approach, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN: 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 6 June 2011. [9] Horiuchi K, Ohata J, Hirano Y, Asakura T: Morphologic studies of sickle erythrocytes by image analysis. J Lab Clin Med 115: 613-620, 1990. [10] P.S.Hiremath, Parashuram Bannigidad and Sai Geeta, Automated Identification and Classification of White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) in Digital Microscopic Images, IJCA Special Issue on Recent Trends in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition RTIPPR, 2010. [11] Bacus JW, Weens JH: An automated method of differential red blood cell classification with application to the diagnostics of anemia. J Histochem Cytochem 25514-632, 1977.

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA

Automated Detection and Classification of Parasitic and Non-Parasitic Diseases

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai - INDIA