Core 3 and Core 4

= + +

basic identity throughout by cos basic identity throughout by sin

you can easily derive this one by dividing the

you can easily derive this one by dividing the

sin 2 = sin

cos 2 = cos

= = =

+ +

= sin cos = cos cos

+ cos sin sin sin

= 2 sin cos = cos sin

tan 2 = tan

+ =

by replacing sin

by replacing cos

with 1 cos

with 1 sin

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= =

= + +

= =

= + =

= = +

here you would need to use integration by parts

Transformations + translation of a units in the positive y direction + translation of a units in the negative direction
stretch of scale factor a parallel to the y axis stretch of scale factor parallel to the axis

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Integration Standard functions

eg 6 + 5 Add a power and divide by the new power. May need to expand brackets first and change all

terms to a single power

Substitution
usually if this is the method you are told what to use as your substitution eg 3 + 4 let = 3 + 4. Remember to change the limits if there are any.

Trigonometric Identities
eg cos Replace cos

with cos 2 + +7 +

Recognising the chain rule

eg 16 2 +7 = 2

Integration by Parts

eg sin or or 3 cos 2 or ln Always set to be the term and to be the other term unless there is a natural log (ln) involved in which case set u to be the ln term

Using Partial Fractions

you are usually lead through these eg Often you then integrate to get natural log terms

where the numerator is the differential of the denominator

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differentiation Standard multiply by the power and then reduce power by 1 Product Rule let one term be u and the other be v = = Chain Rule =
eg

Quotient Rule let the numerator be u and the denominator be v

, let

x =

Can also use this one when differentiating parametric equations

Implicit Differentiation used where you have

and terms all mixed up. Often have to use the product rule on a particular term (here on eg 2 + =3 +7 4 + + =6 +7 = 4 +

=6 +7

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Volume of solid Volume = Volume =

if rotating about the axis

if rotating about the axis

Mapping and functions One to one means that for every Even function
vice versa. eg Cosine curve value there is only one value and

two

Odd function
eg Sine curve

Reflection in the y axis rotational symmetry of order

Domain is what goes in to a function. Usually the terms. Range is what comes out of a function. Usually the terms. Inverse functions are the reflections of the original function about the

line = . What was the domain now becomes the range and what was the range now becomes the domain. To have an inverse function then the original function must be one to one over the domain you are looking at.

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Curves

The angle gets repeated at -

The angle gets repeated at 2 -

The angle gets repeated at +

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The red dashed line below is the original sine curve

The red dashed line below is the original cosine curve

The red dashed line below is the original tan curve (and its asymptotes)

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Note that this is the reflection of the curve y = sin in the line

Note that this is the reflection of the curve y = cos in the line

Note that this is the reflection of the curve y = tan in the line
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=
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this is a reflection of

in the line

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Vectors Dot product . Magnitude | |

Eg = 1 2 Eg = 2 , = 3 , . = 1 x 2 + 2 x 3 + 3 x 4 = 20 3 4 If two lines are perpendicular then the dot product of their direction vectors will be zero. , | | = 1 + 2 + 3 = 14

Equation of a line

Must have a position vector plus a constant times a direction vector 1 2 1 Eg = 2 , = 5 , = = 3 3 3 6 2 1 Line = 5 + 3 3 6

Angle between two lines . = | || | using the direction vectors for a and b Parallel Vectors
if parallel then one vector is a multiple of the other

If this is negative then you will get an obtuse angle (then subtract from 180 to get the acute angle)

Skew
lines that dont meet and arent parallel are skew

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