ISS Referencing 2010

Prepared by Joy Misa & John Steenwinkel

December 2010

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Contents
Contents 1. What is Referencing?
Work ethics / academic integrity
When is it plagiarism and when is it not?

2 3
3
3

Citation systems Reference systems

4 4

2.

Steps Involved in Referencing

In-text citations Reference List
Some guidelines

5
6 6
7

Special cases
Readers / anthologies Unpublished (field/lecture) notes and interviews Electronic or online references Non-English author names Non-English titles Acronyms/abbreviations

8
8 9 10 10 10 10

Harvard-ISS referencing style

General comments

11
11

3. 4.

List of Reference Types used in the Harvard-ISS Output Style Names of Persons

13 20 21

Reference List

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1.

What is Referencing?1

Referencing is a standardized, academic method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignment, paper or publication in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced. A citation or bibliographic citation, then, is a reference to a book, article, web page, or other published item, with sufficient detail to allow a reader to locate it.

Why reference?
Referencing is necessary to give recognition to the work of other researchers.

Work ethics / academic integrity

Readers who are interested By referencing correctly, you give in a topic are given the recognition to the work of other required information to researchers, distinguishing your own follow-up and read more fully intellectual contribution from theirs. You the cited authors arguments. also allow readers to verify your train of thought on the basis of the outcome of research of others. Proper source acknowledgement is considered an important issue in academic work. Good referencing protects you from charges of plagiarism and allows other researchers or readers to verify citations and quotations.

When is it plagiarism and when is it not?

When you are writing a research paper or publication you ARE allowed to: sum up a writers thoughts in your own words. repeat a small section of text, enclosing it in quotation marks ( ).

In both cases, correct references must be made both in the text and in the bibliography/list of references. What you are NOT allowed to do and is unacceptable is to: summarize or repeat work by another author (including anything you find on the internet!) and re-use this in your research paper without correct referencing. To do so constitutes plagiarism.

You, as the author, are responsible for checking the accuracy and completeness of the referencing of all cited works. This is true not only for official publications, but also for research papers.

This guide has been adapted and further developed from: Library and Information Service, Curtin University of Technology, Harvard Referencing 2007, 11p. Originally available online from <http://library.curtin.edu.au/research_ and_information_skills/referencing/index.html>. This 2010 version of the Harvard-ISS referencing guidelines incorporates adaptations made based on feedback by and experiences of ISS MA 2007/2008 students and colleagues, and has been adapted for use in RefWorks .

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Citation systems
There are broadly two citation systems: one uses parentheses and the other numbered notes. Note systems involve the use of sequential numbers in the text which refer to either footnotes or endnotes. The Harvard-ISS style uses the parentheses system, in which the author indicates abbreviated source information (for example, author, year and page number) enclosed in parentheses in the article text.

Reference systems
There are many forms of referencing or reference styles. Some of the better known styles are APA by the American Psychologist Association, Chicago Manual of Style by Chicago University, Harvard by the Harvard Law Review Association and MLA by the American Language Association. Turabian originates from Kate L. Turabians Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. The latter closely resembles the Chicago Style and was developed for term papers, essays and research papers (generally unpublished work). This information document provides a brief guide to the Harvard Referencing Style, as adapted for the ISS. This style is characterized by: in-text citations, in which the authors name is given first, followed by the publication date; a reference list at the end of the paper that contains the full details of all the in-text citations.

Whatever style you use now or later in your academic career, it is important to be correct, complete and consistent. At ISS, the Harvard-ISS style of referencing is preferred. Before the introduction of the Harvard-ISS style, the referencing style of the journal Development & Change (of which ISS is co-publisher) was generally considered as the ISS in-house style of referencing. When it was decided to adopt an official ISS house style, the ISS opted to use the Harvard style, with slight adaptations to simplify it, adhering to a functional use of typography.

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2.

Steps Involved in Referencing

Consider using RefWorks,2 a web-based software tool that is designed to help you build a references database and manage your information in a personal, online library file. Create your personal RefWorks account from a computer within the ISS premises (IP range). Further use is possible from any computer with an Internet connection. Other bibliographical software exist, both opensource and commercial; ISS supports RefWorks. Using RefWorks, you can record whatever information you find, at the very moment when and where you find a reference. Recording the search terms used, the names of databases, libraries or catalogues will help you to work efficiently and keep track of references that you may require later on. RefWorks has additional fields for, among others, research notes, abstracts and descriptors. The following steps are important to correctly reference your assignment, research paper or publication in RefWorks. 1. Copy the full bibliographic details into your RefWorks library, including the page number(s) from which the information is taken.3 In the case of a book, bibliographical details refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher, as found on the front and back of the title page. In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers. For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the date that you accessed the information, and database name or web address (URL).

2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below). 3. RefWorks automatically provides a list of references at the end of the document. As such, the list of references includes all (only) the references you refer to in your manuscript. A publication may list together and in addition to works actually referred to in the text published works that have been consulted and/or related publications considered to be of use to the reader. This list then becomes a bibliography, as opposed to a list of references. As a rule, a research paper has only a list of references.

For more information on see: <http://www.refworks.com>. In RefWorks , the fields required to be filled in for each reference type are marked with a tick.

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In-text citations
Use the surname of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text. E.g. (Saith 2007: 63-74) or [] as stated by Saith (2007: 63-74). To distinguish different works by the same author in the same year, use the letters a, b, c, etc. For example, Besson (1993a, 1993b). If two or more works are cited at the same point in the text, they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a comma, e.g. (Moharir 1984: 99-100, Salih 2007). The items are presented alphabetically by authors name and not chronologically. Where authors of different references have the same surname, include the authors initials in the in-text citation, e.g. (K. Jansen 2004) or K. Jansen (2004). When quoting directly from another source, the relevant page number(s) must be given and either: enclose the quote within quotation marks, or format as a separate indented paragraph (without quotation marks). Similarly, when paraphrasing or referring to an idea from a book or other lengthy text, include the relevant page number(s), as this might be useful to the reader. Use et al. (not italicized, note the punctuation!) when citing a work by more than two authors, but name them all in the references list. Use of Latin abbreviations (not italicized): Ibid. (ibidem) indicates that the associated passage is from the same source as the previous in-text citation or foot/endnote. Loc. cit. (loco citato) indicates that the associated passage may be found at the same location or page as the previously cited materials of the source specified. Preceded by the identification of the work being cited. Op. cit. (opera citato) indicates that the associated passage may be found in the same article or book cited, but on another page within the work. Preceded by a designation of which author or work is being cited.

Reference List
A reference list includes only books, articles, etc. that are cited in the text. A bibliography is a list containing the sources used in developing a publication and other sources which the author considers might be of use or interest to the reader. The references list is arranged alphabetically by authors name. Where an item has no author, it is cited by its title, and ordered in the reference list or bibliography alphabetically by the first significant word of the title. The Harvard-ISS referencing style requires the second and subsequent lines of each reference to be indented in order to highlight the alphabetical order.

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Some guidelines
Authors name
The name of the first author or editor of a publication is listed with the surname followed by the initial(s): Saith, A. or Saith, Ashwani For a second author or editor, the sequence is reversed: Saith, A. and K. Jansen Note that the two names are separated by and. In case more than two authors/editors are indicated in the reference, you list all authors and editors in the sequence that the publication provides. Except for the first author, all additional authors are listed with the initials preceding the surname. Examples: Stecher, B.M. and W.A. Davis Doornbos, M., L. Cliffe, A.G.M. Ahmed and J. Markakis (eds) Since the purpose of the list of references is to be able to retrace a reference in the library or online, it is preferable to list authors/editors as they are given in the reference itself. So if Doornbos, M. is what the book in question uses (and not the Doornbos, M.R. that we can find in other publications for the same author) then the advice is to use Doornbos, M. (Note: Do not use an extra space between initials.) In every case, follow the author's preference. Note: RefWorks formats author names correctly when importing data from a predefined import filter. However there are cases in which records are imported from a database using all capitals for the author names. Correct this manually in the RefWorks record. (Example: GASPER, DES should become Gasper, Des.) Manually entering author names in RefWorks

In the Authors field of a record, author names should be entered as follows: surname, followed by a comma, first name (or first initial followed by a period), and middle initial followed by a period. Each entry must be separated by a semi-colon. For example: Saith, Ashwani; Mooij, Jos; Jansen, Karel etc. or Saith, A.; Mooij, J.; Jansen, K. Choose 'first name' or 'initial' according to how it is displayed in the publication. If there is no author listed, find the institutional author (World Bank Group, United Nations Development Programme, etc.) or leave the Authors field empty.

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Year of publication
After the authors/editors, the year of publication is provided between round brackets. No commas should be inserted before or after the year or round bracket. Example: Stecher, B.M. and W.A. Davis (1992) Doornbos, M., L. Cliffe, A.G.M. Ahmed and J. Markakis (eds) (1992) Note that (ed) or (eds) are within a separate set of round brackets preceding the year of publication. There should be a space between these two sets of brackets.

Title
Book and journal titles are set apart by italics in Harvard-ISS style. (These two types of titles are independent, i.e., they stand by themselves and are not derived from a series.) Titles of chapters and titles of articles are given in single quotation marks. Titles are formatted by RefWorks in the title case which, simply put, means that the first word and all the main words in a title should have initial capitals, and all the 'joining' words should be left in lower case, e.g.: A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. The rules for capitalization in title case, are: Always capitalize the first word. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions (as, because, although). Use the lowercase for all articles, coordinate conjunctions (and, or, nor), and prepositions (of, to) regardless of length, when they are other than the first word.

Special cases
Readers / anthologies
Aside from rules that apply to cases of multi-authored sources, there are also rules for chapters or articles which may have been published earlier and re-printed (and even updated) for the purpose of a book. The book may be a compilation of publications on a particular topic, which the author or authors have published at a prior date to the publication date of the book. Examples of such books are readers and anthologies. A book with contributions from several sources has two levels of bibliographical data: 1. The reference information on the chapter, article or book section with, where applicable, original publication year. 2. The reference information on the book as a new complete work. The first piece of information is relevant to the reader to identify the year in which the original research was published and where it was published (if and

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when identified by the publication). The second piece of information can be considered a normal reference. So your reference may look like this: Rich, Adrienne (1978) Living Sun, in N. Sullivan (comp.) The Treasury of American Poetry. New York: Guild America. If the chapter is a reprint this is also reflected: Ryan, W.F. (1993) The Genesis of the Techno-Thriller, Virginia Quarterly Review 69(1): 24-40. Rpt. in Contemporary Literacy Criticism 112: 61-67 (1999). Note that if you have consulted a reprint (i.e., an unrevised, re-publication of a book or article in its original form), you would use the publication year of the original publication, not of the reprint. Reprints are identified by the abbreviation Rpt. in or text reprinted in. More complications may arise if the book editor and/or author have changed the title of the original publication. You then start with the new title and publication details first, followed by Rpt. of (for reprint of), followed by the original title and publication information.

Unpublished (field/lecture) notes and interviews

As an author, you can make use of (your own) notes and interviews that have not yet been published and cite them in the text (i.e., as an in-text citation). It is customary not to include these in your list of references, although if you consider it handy or useful to list them, you may certainly do so. A footnote or endnote may be added to your in-text citation, if it is necessary to explain relevant characteristics, conditions or details that are important for understanding the cited data. When you refer to an interview that is published in a journal, online magazine or newspaper, you deal with it as a normal reference. We recommend the sequence that Neville (2007: 144) suggests: Example: Bayat, A. (2007) Slums, Informality and Politics. Interview with Professor Asef Bayat, interview on the occasion of the 55th ISS anniversary by Helen Hintjens and Kristin Komives, DevISSues 9(2): 4-6. It is advisable to restrict data in the text to the specific data considered important to the argument of the paper. Other supplementary data sets, overviews, etc. relevant to the paper can best be put in an appendix. The extent of material to be presented in support of your text is a matter of agreement or discussion between you as author and your supervisor or your publisher. name of the person interviewed, year of interview, title of the interview, explanation, interviewers name, title of the publication (italicized) and publications details.

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Electronic or online references

For CD-ROM/DVD references, your reference should include the source of the information, the name of the database, the title of the CD-ROM or DVD (with the release date), and the item number (if applicable). For online databases, your reference should include the date of retrieval (daymonth-year), the source of the information, the name of the database and the item number (if applicable). World Wide Web (WWW) references other than online databases should also include the source of the information, i.e., the name of the database and the item number (if applicable), the URL of the website used, together with page numbers (if applicable). In general, you will find the name of a website on the title bar at the top of your Internet browser. When you use a search engine, however, your search terms will be displayed in the title bar when the search engine displays the results of a search. Sources from the web without a title or author: Use the title on in the title bar at the top of the page as the title of your reference. The web publisher could be considered the author and this should also be traceable on the home page of the site or in the 'About' page. Then the URL would be the exact location on the web which should be followed by the date of access. Should your work involve mainly a variety of online resources such as online newspapers, web pages, electronic databases, web video, e-books, wikis, weblogs and podcasts then you may also want to consult one of the many guides for Harvard Referencing for electronic sources (e.g., The Learning Centre, 20052009).

Non-English author names

See Section 4 below.

Non-English titles
The original title first (properly formatted, i.e., italics for book title, etc.) followed by the English translation within parentheses (also properly formatted).

Acronyms/abbreviations
Names of organizations and such should be spelled out in full and followed by the acronym within parentheses. Example: United Nations (UN) (2006) Annual Report. Geneva: UN. For non-English institutional names, spell out the original name for spellings using the Roman alphabet, providing a translation if the reader might not understand. This approach works well with organizations whose acronyms are well known; e.g., CCITT (Comit Consultatif International de Tlgraphique et Tlphonique), using a translation (International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony) followed by the acronym could confuse some readers. This same guideline applies to university names. In some cases, the non-English acronym is well known and always associated with the English translation. An example is the

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European Center for Nuclear Research, which is widely known by its French acronym CERN.4

Harvard-ISS referencing style

The list of references appears at the end of the paper as a separate section with the title References or Bibliography. All works cited in the text (including sources for tables and figures) should be listed alphabetically. For multi-authored works, invert the name of the first author only (Gadgil, M. and R. Guha). Use (ed.) for one editor, but (eds) for multiple editors. When listing two or more works by one author, repeat the authors name for each entry. Indicate (opening and closing) page numbers for articles in journals and chapters in books. Use the smallest possible number of numerals when referring to pagination and dates (e.g. 1029, 425, 19614, 196175). For authors names5 and reference titles, RefWorks will capitalize correctly where required and italicize the appropriate fields, irrespective of how records have been entered. Users of RefWorks will find that when the Harvard-ISS style is selected, the in-text citations and references list are correctly displayed in the Ms Word document when the right database fields have been correctly used. It is essential to input information properly. For example, ranges of page numbers should be entered in the page number field of a record of RefWorks as follows: 3-18, not p. 3-18 or pp. 3-18.

General comments
The modern trend in typography is to concentrate on functionality, the leading question being: Will a difference in typography support an easy recognition of a difference in information (e.g., a journal title as distinct from an article title)? This is reflected in the Harvard-ISS output style. In general, the Harvard style sets standards for the order and content of information in the reference, not so much for the format or layout on the page. Many variations of layout are in use and may be encountered. It is essential to be consistent within a document. It is also desirable for publications of an organization to consistently use the same layout and formatting. Editorial boards of journals set their own additional style characteristics in Authors Guidelines to maintain consistency in the referencing throughout a journal and its volumes or issues.6

4
5

IEEE Computer Society Style Guide, accessed 23 Sept. 2010 <http://www.computer.org/portal/web/publications/ style_nonenglish>. In September 2003, the official Harvard format began using uppercase for author names e.g., PRONK, J. (2007). This did not become widely accepted, certainly among UK and continental European authors. Harvard-ISS style uses initial letter capitalization for authors names: e.g., Pronk, J. (2007). 6 Some examples in this guide were taken from Development and Change, How to contribute, accessed 23 February 2009 <http://www.iss.nl/Development-Change/How-to-contribute>, inasfar as they conformed to the Harvard-ISS house style.

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The list of reference types in the appendix below provides examples of a large number of types of publications. The second column explains the correct use of the in-text citation. Column three illustrates the full reference in the list of references. In column four you will find the reference type to be selected in RefWorks for the publication. Remarks are found in column four.

3.
References List Example Reference Type (In Refworks) Book, Whole Remarks

List of Reference Types used in the Harvard-ISS Output Style

In-Text Example

Books Comfort, A. (1997) A Good Age. London: Mitchell Beazley. Book title in title case (see p. 7 above).

Single author

2 authors

The theory was first propounded in 1993 (Comfort 1997: 58) OR Comfort (1997: 58) claimed that Madden and Hogan (1997: 17). Book, Whole Madden, R. and T. Hogan (1997) The Definition of Disability in Australia: Moving Towards National Consistency. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Guerin, W.L., E. Labor, L. Morgan, J.C. Reesman and J.R. Willingham (2005) A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Oxford University Press. Book, Whole Book, Whole Book, Whole

3 or more authors

Guerin et al. (2005: 6) found

Organization as author

(IMF 2000: 86)

Book title in title case. Full author names okay. First author: initials after surname separated by a comma; other authors: initials before surname. In text always use first author + et al. (not italicized and with a full stop after al.). No extra space between initials. Book title in title case. Full author names okay. In author field, use acronym; in publisher field spell out.

No author

IMF (2000) International Financial Statistics Yearbook. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Employment the Professional Way: A Guide to Understanding the Australian Job Search Process for Professionally Qualified Migrants (2000) Carlton, Victoria: Australian Multicultural Foundation.

Multiple works by same author

(Employment the Professional Way 2000) OR the book Employment the Professional Way (2000) University research (Brown 1982, 1988) has indicated that

Book, Whole

Order chronologically with most recent above. Book, Whole

Multiple works published in the same year by the same author

In recent reports (Napier 1993a, 1993b)

Brown, P. (1988) The Effects of Anchor on Corals. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University. Brown, P. (1982) Corals in the Capricorn Group. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University. Napier, A. (1993a) Fatal Storm. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Napier, A. (1993b) Survival at Sea. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

Editor

(Kastenbaum 1993: 51)

Book, Edited Book, Edited

Use a/b etc. to differentiate between works in same year. Next order alphabetically by title. When the author has written publications with other authors as well, these follow the single authored works No (ed.) in in-text citation. No (eds) in in-text citation. No full stop after eds.

2 editors

(King and McGrath 1999)

Kastenbaum, R. (ed.) (1993) Encyclopedia of Adult Development. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. King, K. and S. McGrath (eds) (2006) Enterprise in Africa. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.

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In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Reference Type (In Refworks ) Book, Edited

Remarks

3 or more editors

Found in Jalilian et al. (2000) Renton, N. (2004) Compendium of Good Writing (3rd edn). Milton: John Wiley & Sons. Book, Whole Generic Book, Section Chabal, P. and J.-P. Daloz (1999) Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Oxford: James Currey; Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Sadie, S. (ed.) (1980) The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (6th edn, vols 120). London: Macmillan. Book, Whole

Jalilian, H., M.A. Tribe & J. Weiss, J. (eds) (2000) Industrial Development and Policy in Africa. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Different editions

(Renton 2004: 51)

Multiple publishers

(Chabal and Daloz 1999)

In text always use first author + et al. ; no (eds) in in-text citation. No extra space between initials. Book title in title case. An edition number is placed after the title of the work within parentheses and spelt edn no full stop. This is not necessary for a first edition. Publishers are separated by a semicolon. Volumes are indicated as vols no full stop. Note: in this example the author of the chapter and the editors are different persons. In this example the author of the chapter is also co-editor of the book. Book Section Book, Whole, Electronic Electronic Book Dissertation/ Thesis

Encyclopedia or Dictionary

Chapter in a book

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980: 85) defined it as As discussed by Blaxter (1976)

Religion, as ter Haar (2005) examines..

Chapter in a book no author

(Solving the Y2K Problem 1997)

Brochure

(Research and Training Centre 1993: 2)

E-book

(Pettinger 2002: 45)

In author field, use acronym if applicable; in publisher field spell out. You will need to manually type (brochure) at the end of the reference. Include URL if available.

Thesis

(Borras 2004)

Blaxter, M. (1976) Social Class and Health Inequalities, in C. Carter and J. Peel (eds) Equalities and Inequalities in Health, pp. 12035. London: Academic Press. Gerrie ter Haar (2005) 'Religion: Source of Conflict or Resource for Peace?', in Gerrie ter Haar and J.J. Busuttil (eds) Bridge or barrier : religion, violence and visions for peace, pp. 3-34. Leiden: Brill. Solving the Y2K Problem (1997) in D. Bowd (ed.) Technology Today and Tomorrow, pp. 2731. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Research and Training Centre (1993) Guidelines for Reporting and Writing about People with Disabilities (4th edn). Melbourne: Research and Training Centre on Independent Living (brochure). Pettinger, R. (2002) Global Organizations. Oxford: Capstone Publishing. NetLibrary database. Accessed 28 September 2004. Borras, S.M. (2004) Rethinking Redistributive Land Reform: Struggles for Land and Power in the Philippines, PhD thesis. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies.

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In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Reference Type (In Refworks ) Report

Remarks

Working paper

(Borras 1998)

Conference paper

Conference Proceedings Book, Whole

Image in a book

(Cutler et al. 1997) OR As discussed by Cutler et al. (1997) The poster The 3 dark years (Sexton 2005: 184)

Borras, S.M. (1998) The Bibingka Strategy to Land Reform and Implementation: Autonomous Peasant Mobilisations and State Reformists in the Philippines, ISS Working Paper General Series No. 274. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies. Cutler, L.D., B. Frolich and P. Hanrahan (1997) Two-handed Direct Manipulation on the Responsive Workbench, paper presented at the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Stanford, CA (16 January). Sexton, M. (2005) The Great Crash: The Short Life and Sudden Death of the Whitlam Government. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. Wharton, N. (1996) Health and Safety in Outdoor Activity Centres, Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership 12(4): 89. Anorexia Nervosa (1969) British Medical Journal 1: 52930. Journal Article

Print Journals Article title and journal title both in title case.

Article

Article no author

Newspaper article

As mentioned by Wharton (1996) OR when abseiling (Wharton 1996: 8). Its a growing problem in the UK (Anorexia Nervosa 1969) (Towers 2000)

Journal Article No year necessary after month. Newspaper name italicized. No year necessary after month.

Newspaper article no author Press release

(Sydney Morning Herald 2005) (Watersmith 2000)

Towers, K. (2000) Doctor not at Fault: Coroner, The Australian 18 January, p. 3. Sydney Morning Herald (2005) Rate Rise Scares New Home Buyers Away, 29 April, p. 35. Watersmith, C. (2000) BHP enters new era. Melbourne: BHP Limited (press release, 1 March). Madden, G. (2002) Internet Economics and Policy: An Australian Perspective, Economic Record 78: 34358. ABI/INFORM Global database. Accessed 8 May 2009 <http://www.vnulib.edu.vn/PublicFolder/Dichvu/trich%20dan _harvard.pdf>.

Newspaper Article Newspaper Article Report

Electronic Journals Journal, Electronic

Full text from an electronic database

(Madden 2002) OR As Madden (2002) states

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In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Reference Type (in Refworks ) Journal, Electronic

Remarks

Full text from an electronic database no author WA Packed with Overseas Appeal (2004) The West Australian 12 November, p. 47. Factiva database. Accessed 13 November 2004. Web Page Journal, Electronic International Narcotics Control Board (1999) United Nations, Vienna, accessed 1 October 1999 <http://www.incb.org>. La Rosa, S.M. (1992) Marketing Slays the Downsizing Dragon, Information Today 9(3): 589. UMI Business Periodicals Ondisc database. (CD-ROM) Newspaper Article

Full text newspaper, newswire or magazine, from an electronic database no author Full text from Internet

The Internet has had a huge impact on the Australian economy (Internet Economics 2002) (WA Packed 2004)

Internet Economics and Policy: An Australian Perspective (2002) Economic Record 78: 34358. ABI/INFORM Global database. Accessed 16 October 2004. http://www.vnulib. edu.vn/PublicFolder/Dichvu/trich%20dan_harvard.pdf>.

Source type: electronic.

Article from a database in CD-ROM format (BPO)

(International Narcotics Control Board 1999) (La Rosa 1992)

World Wide Web Web Page Web Page Web Page Web Page n.d. in Year. In your references list, type (Image) manually after the title.

Document on WWW

Document on WWW No author

Its essential you learn how to reference (Dawson et al. 2002). (Leafy Seadragons 2001)

Document on WWW No date

(Royal Institute of British Architects, n.d.)

Image on the web

The image of the wasp (Wasps, Hornets and Yellowjackets, n.d.)

Dawson, J., L. Smith, K. Deubert and S. Grey-Smith (2002) S Trek 6: Referencing, not Plagiarism. Accessed 31 October 2002 <http://studytrekk.lis.curtin.edu.au/>. Leafy Seadragons and Weedy Seadragons (2001) Accessed 13 November 2002 <http://www.windspeed.net.au/~jenny/ seadragons/>. Royal Institute of British Architects (n.d.) Shaping the Future: Careers in Architecture. Accessed 31 May 2005 <http://www.careersinarchitecture.net/>. Wasps, Hornets and Yellowjackets (Image) (n.d.) Accessed 28 November 2005 <http://www.laters.com/ insects/hornets. htm>.

Government Publications Essential elements: Short Title of Act Year (Jurisdiction), section E.g.: Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), s. 348. Bills/ Resolutions If legislation is obtained from an electronic database, add the date of access as for electronic journal articles.

Acts of Parliament (including bills)

The Commonwealths Copyright Act 1968

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In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Reference Type (in Refworks ) Laws/ Statutes Case/Court Decisions Report Report

Remarks

Legal Rules & Government regulations

(Ministry of Employment and immigration, Government of Alberta 2005)

Case

Ministry for Employment and Immigration, Government of Alberta (2005) 'Alberta Regulation 241/81. Architects Act. Education and Training Regulation'. Accessed 6 May 2009 <http://www.qp.alberta.ca/570.cfm>. The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 5.

Report

(The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth 1915) (Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999)

Census Information

(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006)

Government Report

(Resource Assessment Commission 1991)

Report Patent

Patent

U.S. Patent No. 4554399 (1985)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (1999) Disability, Ageing and Carers: Summary of Findings (No. 4430.0). Canberra, ACT: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Census Data by Location Sydney, Household Characteristics, Latest ISSUE Released at 9:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 27/6/2007 LOCATION CODE: 105 STATE: NSW. Accessed 6 May 2009 <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/ download?.[...]Residence&areacode=105>. Resource Assessment Commission (1991) Forest and Timber Enquiry: Draft Report (No. 1). Canberra, ACT: Australian Government Publishing Service. Cookson, A.H. (1985) Particle Trap for Compressed Gas Insulated Transmission System. US Patent 4554399. Thibodeau, G.A. and K.T. Patton (eds) (2002) The Human Body in Health and Disease. St Louis, MO: Mosby.

Secondary Sources Book, Whole Record the book that you actually sourced. Carini and Hogan will need to be added manually in the in-text citation using the edit citation function of Write-N-Cite.

Citation of a citation in a book

including neuralgia (Carini and Hogan, as cited in Thibodeau and Patton 2002: 45) OR Carini and Hogans study (as cited in Thibodeau and Patton, 2002: 45)

Page 18 of 21 ISS Referencing 2010

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Reference Type (in Refworks ) Journal Article

Remarks

Citation of a citation in a journal article

Carini and Hogans study (as cited in Patton, 2002) OR origins of neuralgia (Carini and Hogan, as cited in Patton 2002: 2154)

Patton, K.T. (2002) Neuralgia and Headaches, Science 400: 21535.

Record the journal that you actually sourced. Carini and Hogan will need to be added manually in the in-text citation using the edit citation function of Write-N-Cite.

Other Sources Not included in reference list as they cannot be traced by the reader. Personal Communication Unpublished Material Type in the in-text citation as this is not be included in the references list. Consult research paper supervisor in how far data and intermediate results should be presented in appendix in justification of research findings presented in the paper. Motion Picture Sound Recording Sound Recording Computer Program

Personal communication, e-mail and discussion lists with no web archive Field notes and unpublished interviews Not included in reference list since they cannot be traced by the reader.

Films and video recordings

It was confirmed that an outbreak occurred in London (S. Savieri, personal communication, 24 April 1999). (Misa 2009, personal interview) In footnote: Personal interview with J. Misa on formatting PhD theses, at the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, 20 January 2009. (You Can Count on Me 2000)

Television and radio programmes

(The MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour 1993)

Podcast

(Seega & Swan 2005)

Computer Software

(Miller 1993)

You Can Count on Me (2000) M. Scorsese (producer) and K. Lonergan (director). Motion picture. Los Angeles: Paramount Pictures. The MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour (1993) L. Crystal (executive producer). Television broadcast, 11 October. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service. Adult ADHD (2005) B. Seega (producer). Podcast radio programme, 28 November. Sydney: ABC Radio National. http://www.abc.net.au/rn/ talks/8.30/helthrpt/ (accessed 29 November 2005) Miller, M.E. (1993) The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0), Computer software. Westminster, CA: Psytek Services.

Page 19 of 21 ISS Referencing 2010

In-Text Example

Reference List Example

Reference Type (in Refworks )

Remarks

ERIC document (microfiche) Web Page

Davis and Lombardi (1996) put forward the proposal that Generic

E-mail discussion list web archive

(Little 2002)

Davis, R.K. and T.P. Lombardi (1996) The Quality of Life of Rural High School Special Education Graduates, in Rural Goals 2000: Building Programs that Work. ERIC Document No. ED394765 (microfiche). Little, L. (2002) Two New Policy Briefs. Message posted to ECPOLICY electronic mailing list (16 April). Archived at <http://www.askeric.org/ Virtual Listserv_Archives/ ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/ Msg00003.html>.

4.

Names of Persons

From Bcking, W. and H. Hardenbol (1992) Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Monographs in the ISS Library, pp. 43-54. the Hague: Institute of Social Studies.

Page 21 of 21 ISS Referencing 2010

Reference List
Bcking, W. and H. Hardenbol (1992) Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Monographs in the ISS Library, pp. 43-54. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies. IEEE Computer Society Style Guide (2010) Non-English Words and Phrases, http://www. computer.org/portal/web/publications/style_nonenglish, accessed 23 Sept. 2010)
Library and Information Service, Curtin University of Technology (2007) Harvard Referencing 2007, <http://library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/harvard.pdf>. Neville, C. (2007) The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Maidenhead; New York: Open University Press. Pears, R. and G. Shields (2008) Cite Them Right. The essential referencing guide. Wickem; Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books. The Learning Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) (2005-2009) Harvard Referencing for Electronic Sources. Accessed 3 February 2009 <http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/ref_elec2. html#elec17>.