Lighting Design Lecture Introduction The prime objectives behind the design of a lighting system are as follows: the

safety and comfort of occupants the nature of a task or process performed in a space will dictate the illuminance level which must be provided by the lighti ng system (lx or lm/m2). Tasks involving high degrees of visual acuity will requ ire higher lighting levels. the minimisation of energy consumption minimisation of energy consumption involv es the development of the most energy efficient lighting systems which is suitab le for the task, this can be achieved by selecting high efficiency equipment and making use of available daylight. colour rendering or the creation of a specific atmosphere the colour characteri stics of a lighting scheme will affects tasks performed when the lighting system is on. For example tasks which require the accurate representation of colour re quire a light with the spectral characteristics of daylight. Alternatively,. to create a warm atmosphere in a restaurant requires the selection of lights skewed t o the red end of the spectrum. A lighting design has several stages. These are as follows: 1) Identification of the requirements for the lighting system, illuminance levels, colour requirements, available space, etc; 2) Selection of equipment, lamps, luminaires: lighting systems consist of n umerous components, the two most important of which are: lamps, which influence the lighting level, colour characteristics and efficiency of the lighting system ; luminaires affect the efficiency with which the light is distributed and so af fect lighting efficiency and uniformity 3) Design of the lighting system: lighting systems are designed to achieve a reasonably uniform distribution of light on a particular plane (usually horizo ntal), avoidance of glare with a minimum expenditure of energy. The most rudimen tary form of lighting design is done using a manual calculation the lumen method . However lighting design is increasingly done by computer. 4) System control: once a lighting system has been designed it can be contr olled in such a way as to make maximum use of available daylight, through select ion of appropriate switching mechanisms and daylight responsive controls. Identification of Lighting Requirements Lighting requirements are primarily dictated by the function of a space or the t asks being performed within it. Lighting requirements are usually specified by t he required lighting level and the colour rendering requirements. For example: a general office requires an illumination level of 500 lux; colour rendering is mot particularly important; an architects drawing office requires higher lighting levels of 750 lux due the more visually tasks being conducted within the office. In addition as colour wor k is being done the lighting system must have good colour rendering.

Examples of lighting level requirements are given in the table below: Building Area Standard Maintained Illuminance (lux) Colour Rendering Entrance hall 200 Corridors 100 Kitchens 300 General offices 500 Drawing Rooms 750 Good colour rendering may be required Classrooms 300 Lecture Theatres 300 Art rooms 500 Excellent colour rendering required Table 1 Lighting level requirements. Lighting requirements are summarised in the CIBSE Code for interior lighting, av ailable from the library. The colour properties of a particular lamp are supplied by the manufacturer in t he form of a lighting catalogue: the Philips lighting catalogue is available in the design room alternatively the catalogue is available on-line at: www.philips .com The colour rendering properties of a particular lamp are described by its colour rendering group or the CIE number (Commission Internationale de LEclairage): Colour rendering group CIE colour rendering index (Ra) Comments 1A Ra > 90 Used wherever accurate colour matching is required 1B 80 < Ra < 90 Used when accurate colour matching is required e.g. clot hes shops 2 60 < Ra < 80 Where moderate colour rendering is required