TenXc BSA Planning and Deployment

RFIntroductiontoBiSectorArray PlanningandDeployment
This document contains information that is the property of TenXc Wireless. This document, in whole or part, may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in any form or by any means including but not restricted to: photographic, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical methods without the express written consent of TenXc Wireless.
Confidentiality Statement
Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
Overview of Cellular Systems and RF planning Using sectorization to increase capacity and lower costs How the Bi Sector Arrays improve on existing antennas How to choose BSA sites for deployment How to plan BSA deployments in a typical network Propagation planning BCCH planning TCH Planning How to optimize BSA deployments Field examples of deployments and issues in the field
Page 2
OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR CONCEPTS
Page 3
Basic Concepts
Effective Radiated Power (ERP) measured in dB The radiated power from a half-wave dipole Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) measured in dBi The radiated power from an isotropic source EIRP = ERP + 2.15 dB Isotropic RF Source A point source that radiates RF energy uniformly in all directions (I.e.: in the shape of a sphere) Theoretical only: does not physically exist dB measure of power 10*Log10(Pwatts) dBm measure of power referenced to 1 mW 10*Log10(Pwatts)-30 Wavelength measure of distance between peaks in a radio wave Speed of light = frequency * Wavelength (c=f )
Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential Page 4
Propagation Modeling
From a point source basic theory gives us Friis transmission formula
Mobile world is more complex - Reflections - Refraction - Absorption - Multiple paths Attenuation coefficient of Free Space Path loss is 2 (2*10Log(d)), coefficient of Cellular environments is between 2 and 4
Hata Model Used for GSM 900

Hata Model good up to 1GHz The propagation loss in an urban environment in the GSM range is calculated from: Lp = 69.55+26.16Log(f)-13.82Log(hb)-a(hm)+[44.9-6.55Log(hb)]*Log(d) hb= base station height (m), 30-200 m hm= mobile height (m), 1-10 m f = frequency (MHz), 150 to 1500 MHz d = distance (km), 1-20 km
35.2 log(D) for 30m
a(hm) = mobile antenna correction factor a(hm) = [1.1Log(f)-0.7]hm - [1.56Log(f)-0.8] dB for urban = 3.2[Log (11.75hm)]2 - 4.97 dB for dense urban Lp (suburban) = Lp (urban) - 2[Log(f/28)]2 - 5.4
Page 6
COST 231- Used for DCS 1800

COST-231 Hata Model extends Hata beyond 1GHz The propagation loss in an urban environment in the DCS range is calculated from: Lp = 46.3+33.9Log(f)-13.82Log(hb)-a(hm)+[44.9-6.55Log(hb)]*Log(d)+Cm hb= base station height (m), 30-200 m hm= mobile height (m), 1-10 m f = frequency (MHz), 1500-2000 MHz d = distance (km), 1-20 km a(hm) = mobile antenna correction factor a(hm) = [1.1Log(f)-0.7]hm - [1.56Log(f)-0.8] dB for suburban/urban = 3.2[Log (11.75hm)]2 - 4.97 dB for dense urban Cm = 0 dB for suburban/urban = 3 dB for dense urban Lp (suburban) = Lp (urban) - 2[Log(f/28)]2 + 5.4
How to use models

Path Loss Modeling - All
200.0 190.0 180.0 170.0
Isotropic Path Loss (dB)
160.0 150.0 140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0 80.0

1800 MHz rural 1800 MHz Sub Urban 900 MHz rural 900 MHz Sub Urban
Distance (km)
Page 8
Path Loss and Link Budgets

Example GSM link Budget Note: UL limitation Other factors that need to be understood - Building losses (12 to 20 dB) - Vehicle losses (6 dB) - Body/Head losses (2 to 3 dB)
Example Link Budget 1800 DCS TX Power Tx Power (watts) Combiner Loss Duplexor Loss Feeder Loss TX Antenna gain EIRP RX Antenna Gain Feeder loss Receiver Sens Diversity Gain Path loss 3-sector DL 45.7 37.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 18.0 61.7 0.0 0.0 -104.0 0.0 165.7 UL 30.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 18.0 2.0 -112.5 3.5 162.0 Bi-Sector Array DL UL 45.7 30.0 37.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 19.2 0.0 62.9 30.0 0.0 0.0 -104.0 0.0 166.9 19.2 2.0 -112.5 3.5 163.2
Page 9
Path Loss and Link Budgets

FREQUENCY (MHz) BS ANT. HGT (m) MOBILE ANT. HGT (m) Cm (3dB IF DENSE URBAN, ELSE 0dB) a(h) = 0 IF mh= 1.5 Builidng margin Vehicle loss Body Loss Fade margin Max. Isotropic Path Loss RADIUS (km) Cell AREA (km) Cell AREA (mi)
2 2
DENSE URBAN 900 30 1.5 3 -0.0009 21 0 2 12.4 162.0 1.0 2.7 1.0
URBAN 900 35 1.5 0 0.0159 12 0 2 13.7 162.0 1.8 8.4 3.2
SUBURBAN 900 35 1.5 0 0.0159 0 6 2 8 162.0 7.5 146.6 56.5
DENSE URBAN 1800 30 1.5 3 -0.0009 21 0 2 12.4 162.0 0.4 0.5 0.2
URBAN 1800 35 1.5 0 0.0430 12 0 2 13.7 162.0 0.9 2.3 0.9
SUBURBAN 1800 35 1.5 0 0.0430 0 6 2 8 162.0 4.5 52.2 20.1
Fade Margin based on Jakes Theory where Fu = fraction of area that the received signal x is greater than the threshold over the whole cell area. The equation is referred to as the Cell Area Probability
1 2ab 1 ab 1 1 erf ( Fu = 1 erf ( a ) + exp ) 2 2 b b
a=
b=
10n log(e) 2
is the composite standard deviation of both shadow fading and distributions of inbuilding losses.
Comment on MS TX Pwr
CEPT measurements results Mean TXP = 27dBm Min TXP = 25dBm Mean RX sens = -106dBm Min Rx Sens = -102 dBm
Page 11
AFP tool Models

Sophisticated models are available that use: Terrain files at 10m, 25m, 50m resolution advanced diffraction models for terrain Clutter classes and clutter heights But which is right and most accurate? Tuning is essential clutter classes need to be tuned Sectors need tuning from drive test data Scanned data is needed for tuning (not best server) For AFP planning tuned models are essential or Mobile Measurement based files are needed
Page 12
SECTORIZATION
Page 13
Basics
Segmentation of area in to cells each radio covers small area frequencies now divided in to groups or assigned across geographical distances Hexagon shapes used to approximate cell coverage area
Radius of Cell is given by R Distance between Co-Channel Cell centers is given by D
- Drawback of cells is loss of trunking efficiencies

Basics
C/I is given by the ratio of Radius and Separation distance
C/I = R D
N i =1 -4 4 i
Where -4 is the attenuation coefficient
D R =Q C/I =
M M
Where Q is the Interference Reduction Factor, M is the number of interferes
Area
= Cell
3 2 3R 2
Area cluster =
1 2 3D 2
1 2 Area cluster = 2 3 D = 1 N= 3 2 3 3R Area cell 2
D R
Number of cells in cluster N
D = R 3N
Reuse distance = D
Page 15
Sectorization: Basic Concept
Omni
3-Sector
6-Sector
Sectorization reduces the number of interferers Reduced interference = closer reuse of frequencies Closer reuse of frequencies = more capacity within same spectrum More sectors = loss of trunking efficiencies
April 15, 2011
Page 16
GSM 6-Sector Capacities

Hexagon arrays used to model typical network Classic formulas link Reuse Distance D to Site Radius R and number of interferers M to calculate Reuse factor N
Q C/I =
(3xN ) =
M
Q = D/R
# # Sectors Interferers Omni 1 7 3-Sectored 3 2 6-Sectored 6 1
Reuse "N" 7 4 3
BCCH 7 12 18
TCH 33 28 22
TRX per Sector 6 5 4
Erlangs Per Sector 32.8 26.4 20.1
Erlangs per Site 32.8 79.3 120.9
6-Sector BCCH 6-Sector in GSM requires 18 channels forin GSM requires 18 channels for BCCH Can Traditional approach can increase capacity by 55% increase capacity by 55%
April 15, 2011
Page 17
C/I levels for Reuse Schemes

Cell Reuse N = 12 N=7 N=4 N=3 N=1 Sectors Omni Omni Omni Omni Omni 90% C/I (dB) 20.8 14.2 8.3 5.6 -5.7
Conditions: 3.8 mile cells, base antenna height = 100ft, lognormal shadowing standard deviation = 6.5dB. Source Bell Research Land-Mobile Radio System Engineering
N=7 N=5 N=4 N=3 N=1
3 sector 65 degree 3 sector 65 degree 3 sector 65 degree 3 sector 65 degree 3 sector 65 degree
20.8 16.2 15.0 12.5 2.7
N=7 N=4 N=3 N=2 N=1
6 sector - 33 degree 6 sector - 33 degree 6 sector - 33 degree 6 sector - 33 degree 6 sector - 33 degree
24.9 19.4 16.7 12.4 7.8
Simulations confirm that GSM requires 18BCCH for 6-sector Field deployments confirm this 6-Sector GSM requires increased BCCH counts for same C/I
April 15, 2011
Page 18
What about Cell Splitting
Cell splitting is complex in order to maintain C/I. For a single sector it requires 3 new sites: 6 new sites for a complete site
HOW THE BSA IMPROVES SECTORIZATION
Page 20
Typical Network with Local Hot Spot

65o BTS
Hot Sector
April 15, 2011
Page 21
Traditional narrow and mulit-beam

33o 33o BTS
Large Area of Overlap
Wasted Coverage No coverage

April 15, 2011
Page 22
Shaped Beam Advantage

Bi-Sector ArrayTM
Narrow Area of Overlap
Minimal Wasted Coverage
Low Cusping Loss
The most effective solution for Higher Order Sectorization

April 15, 2011
Page 23
Drop and Insert Solution

Maximum flexibility for 4, 5 and 6-sector upgrades Outperforms other antenna technologies Lowest interference = maximum capacity
April 15, 2011
Page 24
TenXc Bi Sector Array

Element Arrays: BSA has 4 columns compared to conventional antenna Transmit/Receive Elements
Conventional 65 Antenna
Azimuth Beamformer (Butler Matrix)
Feed Network And Elevation Beamformer
Input Stage
Bi-Sector Array Advantage

- A two-in-one antenna that allows 6-sector sites to be built on same footprint as a traditional 3-sector. - Uses same BCCH and TCH frequency allocation as a 3-sector. No increase in BCCH count. Same ICDM planning method as 3-sector - Little requirement for optimization on surrounding sites. No orientation changes to accommodate BSA. Tilt, frequency planning and Neighbour list assignment only required. - Allows for up to 2X times increase in capacity. Doubles the TRX count per sector.
Average Capacity Gain Full 6-Sector Replacement Ad-hoc partial Sector Replacement 2.0 1.3 Average Traffic Increase 12% 14% Average Change in DCR -18% -3% Change in HO Success Rate 1.2% 0.6%
-16 separate field trials - Average results before and after BSA installation
April 15, 2011
Page 26
HOW TO DEPLOY THE BSA
Page 27
Max Capacity Estimates

MHz TRX Configuration 3/3, 3/3, 3/3 4/4, 4/4, 4/4 6/5, 6/5, 6/5 6/5, 6/5, 6/5 6/6, 6/6, 6/6 6/6, 6/6, 6/6 Site Erlangs Combiners Number of BSA Antennas 1, 1, 1 1, 1, 1 2, 2, 2 1, 1, 1 2, 2, 2 1, 1, 1
4.4 6.2 7.2 7.2 8.2 8.2
84 121 186 186 208 208
WBC 2:1 WBC 2:1 WBC 2:1 WBC 4:1 WBC 2:1 WBC 4:1
April 15, 2011
Page 28
Recommendations
TenXc BSA antennas can be used to increase capacity of sites and support 24 TRX per site in both 4.4MHz and 6.2MHz allocations and up to 36 TRX in 8MHz allocations
4.4MHz BCCH 9 ch B2B BCCH allocations 9 to 12ch Ad-hoc planning with AFP tool and mobile measurements 1/1 reuse and HSN and/or MAIO offsets
6.2MHz and higher Ad-hoc BCCH plan with 12 to 14 channels and using AFP tools and mobile measurements Ad-hoc TCH plan using AFP tool and mobile measurements
TCH
April 15, 2011
Page 29
Planning Considerations
Deployment Orientation
Two Fixed directional beams in one
Left Orientation
Right Orientation
In planning tool each beam needs to be entered separately at +- 22 degrees deployed direction. Offsets can not be changed Separate LEFT and RIGHT beam patterns need to be assigned correctly. Any mechanical tilt apply to both sectors Electrical tilt can be applied independently VET/RET products
April 15, 2011
Page 30
Implementation Considerations
Site Numbering Strategy
Strict replacement strategy: A replaced by A&D, B by B&E and C by C&F Why? Need to allow for growth from 3 to 4, 5 and 6 Sectors Minimize reconfiguration between 3 and 4, 5 and 6 sector sites Maintains Sector statistics as much as possible Allows for Back-to-Back (B2B) BCCH allocations if needed
A F
D B
April 15, 2011
Page 31
Neighbour Cell Planning Considerations

Overall Strategy Sector
Disable cross-site handovers: A should not be a candidate of E, etc Restrict HO to adjacent sectors especially if B2B BCCH is used Reuse existing 3-sector list: Old list A should be used on both A and D Optimize once MS based measurements or drive testing is performed
Handover Candidate F, D A, B D, E B, C E, F A,C

F C A C
A D B E C F
D B E
April 15, 2011
Page 32
Implementation Considerations - 2
Item Availability of space for additional cabinet for higher TRX Configuration. Availability of Transmission Resources ( Additional E1) for higher TRX counts Upgrading of power resources suitable for higher capacity configurations Feeder Lines to be planned for additional sectors. Requirement 2 or 3 Cabinets 2 E1 for 24 3 E1 for 36 As required Check
2 Per Sector 4 for 900/1800 5 to 12 cm mount <1.4 Required

April 15, 2011
Page 33
Suitability of existing pole to replace existing antenna with TenXc antenna VSWR of all feeders and TenXC antennas validation and readings meeting the specifications
Implementation Considerations - 3
BTS Cabinet Deployment Strategy
If BTS supports full 6-sector then single site with synchronization can be built If BTS does not support 6-sector than 2 3-sector sites will be built. Synchronization only within the 3sector sites
interleaved if 1/1 or 1/3 planning is used Non-interleaved if ad-hoc TCH is used
A F C E D B A F C E D B
Full 6-sector
A F C
D B E
3-sector interleaved
3-sector non-interleaved
April 15, 2011
Page 34
FREQUENCY PLANNING
Page 35
Frequency Planning Overview
GSM:
200Khz Channel 8 Full Rate Timeslots (16 Half Rate timeslots) Multi-path protection is in built Interleaving of 456 bit speech frames over 8 Timeslots Channel coding - CRC, Block Code, Convolutionary Training Sequences and Viterbi equalisers
Page 36
Frequency Planning Overview

No Hopping F2 F1 Baseband Hopping TRX stays on frequency but timeslot moves #Freq = # TRX
F2 F1
Baseband Hopping F1 to N TRX changes frequency #Freq > # TRX F1 to N
Page 37
Frequency Diversity Gain

FrequencyHoppingC/IPerformance
16 14 12
C/Iat2%FER
10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 8 12
TU50 TU3 TU50Rel TU3Rel
TU3= Typical Urban 3km/h (walking speed) TU50=Typical Urban 50km/h (medium speed vehicle) Up to 6 dB of gain available from FH. Gain Depends on both number of frequencies and type of environment
NumberofFrequencies
9 dB Classical C/I for GSM only exists in ideal conditions: fast moving mobiles or high hopping systems.
Frequency Planning
BCCH
TCH
Ad-hoc channel planning
Ad-hoc channel planning
Fractional Reuse
BSIC
Channel
Channel
HSN
MAIO
Rules: -Maximise the separation distance
Rules: -Maximise the separation distance
Rules: -Maximise hopping gain - Spread interference over many cells

Page 39
Ad-Hoc Channel Planning

Remember this?
D R =Q C/I =
M M
To minimize the C/I we need to maximize D
Practically D is fixed by the number of channels; e.g. for 12 BCCH N=4.
D = R 3N
Use advanced AFP tools to optimize plan and create the best C/I, but.. Accuracy of tool depends on accuracy of the database Accuracy of plan assumes a good approximate propagation model Use of Mobile Measurements improves on tool performance as it ceases to be geographical based problem and becomes a simple statistical problem
Page 40
BCCH Planning Using B2B

A
For 3-sector sites all BCCH need to be unique as each sector is a neighbour to the others.
Not case for BSA sites A and E can share same channel High >30dB Front to Back ratio allows for protection across site Why Do It? - Increases flexibility with in Frequency Plans - Allows for simpler upgrades from 3 to 6 sector within same BCCH count Drawbacks? - Introduces C/I in to the site
A F C E D B
Page 41
Channel Allocations
25
20
Ad-hoc 12 channel
Ad-hoc 16 channel
C/I at 90%
15
18 channel minimum for standard 33 antennas Back to back with 9 channels

Omni 3 sector 65 degree 6 sector - 33 degree Bi Sector Arrays
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Number of BCCH CHannels
April 15, 2011
Page 42
MAIO Planning
Objective Avoid co-channel and adjacent channel interference within a sector when multiple TRX used Avoid Co-channel and adjacent channel interference within a site. MAL = 539 to 546 MAIO = 0, 2, 5 HSN = XX
Page 43
MAIO Planning
Objective Avoid co-channel and adjacent channel interference within a sector when multiple TRX used Avoid Co-channel and adjacent channel interference within a site. MAL = 539, 541, 543.. MAIO = 0, 1, 2 HSN = XX
Page 44
TCH Planning for BSA

11-channel plan Cell SHI0051 SHI0054 SHI0052 SHI0055 SHI0053 SHI0056 HSN MAIO DCHNO 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 36 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 37 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 38 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 39 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
A
0 1 x
B x
E x x
46 46 46 46 46 46
024 6 8 10 159 024 6 8 10 357
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x x x x x x x
A 0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x x x x x x x
B C
SHI0051 SHI0052 SHI0053
46 46 46
036 258 4 7 10
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
x x x x x x x x
Page 45
April 15, 2011

9-channel plan Cell SHI0051 SHI0054 SHI0052 SHI0055 SHI0053 SHI0056 HSN MAIO DCHNO 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 36 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 37 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 38 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 39 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
A 0 1 X
B X
46 46 46 46 46 46
036 258 147 036 258 147
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SHI0051 SHI0052 SHI0053
46 46 46
036 147 258
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
A 0 1 X
B X
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X X X X X X X
April 15, 2011
Page 46

9-channel plan - opt 2 Cell SHI0051 SHIB051 SHI0052 SHIB052 SHI0053 SHIB053 HSN MAIO DCHNO 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 1 A X D
B X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
46 10 46 10 46 10
036 258 147 036 258 147
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SHI0051 SHI0052 SHI0053
46 46 46
036 147 258
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
A 0 1 X
B X
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X X X X X X X
April 15, 2011
Page 47
Issues in Field
Mechanical down tilt brackets incorrectly installed- Pl see the photo for wrong installation seen in one of the live sites Feeder connectors not tightened VSWR Sweep tests should be used on all sites Crossed Feeders Correct BCCH transmission should be confirmed on all installations
Page 48
Field deployments and Examples
NE CircleAnalysis
43 sites deployed as BSA in Circle Maximum traffic carried by 3-sector sites is 159 Erlangs Maximum traffic carried by BSA sites is 288 Erlangs a 1.8 times increase in capacity. 23% of BSA sites carry more than the maximum capacity
Traffic Carried Per Site 350 300 250
Erlangs
Non-BSA Sites BSA Sites
200 150 100 50 0 0.00%
20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00%

Percentile
NE CircleAnalysis
BSA Sites have a lower drop call rate than the network average The BSA sites have the same handover performance as other sites.
Shillong Area
Shillong KPI
7 sites are deployed in Shillong Frequency replanning and site audit carried out in Dec 09 to improve performance 10 channel BCCH and 11 channel TCH plan using 1/1 hopping used TCH drop call rates have reduced from over 5% to below 3% for the area. SDCCH DCR are now around 1.0% Handover success rates fell during the optimization period for the 10 channel BCCH plan as optimization was performed but have now improved to over 90%: the 10 channel BCCH is operating better than the previous 12 channel plan

0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00%
HandoverSuccess Rate 20Nov09 22Nov09 24Nov09 26Nov09 28Nov09 30Nov09 02Dec09 04Dec09 06Dec09 08Dec09 06Dec09 08Dec09 10Dec09 12Dec09 14Dec09 16Dec09 18Dec09 20Dec09 22Dec09 24Dec09 26Dec09 28Dec09 30Dec09 01Jan10 03Jan10 05Jan10 07Jan10 09Jan10 11Jan10 13Jan10 15Jan10 17Jan10 19Jan10 21Jan10 23Jan10 25Jan10 27Jan10 29Jan10 31Jan10 10Dec09 12Dec09 14Dec09 16Dec09 18Dec09 20Dec09 22Dec09 24Dec09 26Dec09 28Dec09 30Dec09 01Jan10 03Jan10 05Jan10 07Jan10 09Jan10 11Jan10 13Jan10 15Jan10 17Jan10 19Jan10 21Jan10 23Jan10 25Jan10 27Jan10 29Jan10 31Jan10 20Nov09 22Nov09 24Nov09 26Nov09 28Nov09 30Nov09 02Dec09 04Dec09 04Dec09 06Dec09 08Dec09 10Dec09 12Dec09 14Dec09 16Dec09 18Dec09 20Dec09 22Dec09 24Dec09 26Dec09 28Dec09 30Dec09 01Jan10 03Jan10 05Jan10 07Jan10 09Jan10 11Jan10 13Jan10 15Jan10 17Jan10 19Jan10 21Jan10 23Jan10 BHErlangs
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
500.00 0.00
70.00%
20Nov09 22Nov09 24Nov09 26Nov09 28Nov09 30Nov09 02Dec09
75.00%
80.00%
85.00%
90.00%
95.00%
FR
Total
TrafficErlangs
DropCallRates
HandoverPerformance
TCH
SDCCH
25Jan10 27Jan10 29Jan10 31Jan10
Aspen Site Configuration

AspenSiteConfigurationis:GSM850/1900andUMTS850/1900,has 4EricssonGSMBTSs and2LucentNodeBBTSs.
Powerwave Antennas Before
TenXc BSA Antennas
Aspen Site Configuration: 4 layers, 24 sectors 15th July GSM cut over to BSA 19th July UMTS cut over to BSA
Page 54
Aspen Current Configuration

Each Sector consists of - 1 UMTS carriers at 850 - 1 UMTS carriers at 1900 - 8 GSM TRX at 850 - 6 GSM TRX at 1900 Over 1000E Capacity in one site !
Page 55
UMTS Voice Summary

UMTS Traffic is increased by 28% . Increased traffic overall but 850 carries more DCR are 66% improved implies improved coverage or Ec/Io Call set up remains at 99% SHO% - area in handover is stable and is 3% lower, increase in SHO% overhead due to COU4236C/Z Increased Mean Hold Time of 6%, 29% for 850UMTS implies much improved link quality or coverage
UMTSVoice
CallSetup (%) CSDROPS% MHT Erlang SHO(%) SHO% Overhead
1900
850
Site
Before After Gain Before After Gain Before After Gain
99.8 99.6 -0.3% 98.8 99.3 0.5% 99.3 99.4 0.1%
1.5 0.5 66.9% 3.1 1.1 65.4% 2.3 0.8 65.9%
38.9 34.2 -12.1% 30.9 39.7 28.6% 34.9 37.0 5.9%
426.7 519.6 21.8% 773.2 1,015.9 31.4% 1,199.9 1,535.6 28.0%
26.0 23.0 11.5% 22.3 23.6 -6.1% 24.1 23.3 3.3%
53.4 54.3 -1.7% 46.3 52.4 -13.2% 49.8 53.3 -7.0%
UMTSBHDropCallRate
8.0 7.0 6.0
ErlangsCarried
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
UMTSErlangsCarriedperDay
DropCall Rate
5.0
850
850 1900
4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0
1900
200 0
04Jul 06Jul 08Jul 10Jul 12Jul 14Jul 16Jul 18Jul 20Jul 22Jul 24Jul 26Jul 28Jul 30Jul 01Aug 03Aug 05Aug 07Aug 09Aug 11Aug 13Aug 15Aug 17Aug 19Aug 21Aug 23Aug
Page 56
GSM Data Summary

EDGE/GPRSDATA
GSM Only 850 uses EDGE 1900 Payload increased but 850 Payload fell by 20% Big improvement in Throughput 47% for GSM850 Improved TBF failure rate over 97% reduction
TotalDataVol (KBytes) Network Throughput (kbits/s) TBFFailureRate (%)
1900
850
Site
Before After Gain Before After Gain Before After Gain
77,090 108,615 40.9% 2,888,483 2,327,358 -19.4% 2,965,574 2,435,972 -17.9%
29 31 6.5% 87 128 47.0% 58 79 36.9% 88.1%
0.5 0.1 4.1 0.1 97.6% 2.3 0.1 96.6%
GPRS/EDGEDataPayload
8000 7000 6000 5000
160 140 120 100
Kbits/s
GPRS/EDGEThroughput
MBytes
4000 3000 2000 1000 0
80
1900GSM
1900GSM GSM 850GSM
60 40 20 0
GSM 850GSM
Page 57
Wideband Bi-Sector Array: BSA-W65-20V210-02

Frequency Range (MHz) Azimuth Beamwidth(s) (-3dB) Elevation Beamwidth (-3dB) Elevation Sidelobes (Upper) Gain 18.7 dBi 17101880 31 Asym 8.0 18501990 29 Asym 7.2 < -18 dB 19.2 dBi 45 Slant <1.4:1 > 30 dB > 30 dB 2 to 10 50 Ohms 300 Watts CW -150 dBc (2 x 20W) DC Ground 137 x 39 x 16 cm (54 x 16 x 6 inches) > 193 km/hr (> 120 mph) 730 N (164 lbs) @ 161 kph (100 mph) 166 N (37 lbs) @ 161 kph (100 mph) 0.5 m2 (5.8 ft2) 18.8 kg (41 lbs) 5-12 cm (2-5 inches) 19.8 dBi 19202170 28 Asym 6.5
Electrical
Polarization VSWR Front-to-Back Ratio X-Pol Port-to-Port Isolation Electrical Downtilt Input Impedance Input Power Passive Intermodulation Lightning Protection Dimensions (LxWxD)
Azimuth
Mechanical
Survival Wind Speed Front Wind Load Side Wind Load Equivalent Flat Plate Area Weight (without Mounting) Mounting Pole (OD)
Rear View
Elevation 4
Patterns are based on measured performance at 1920 MHz.
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TenXc BSA Planning and Deployment

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RFIntroductiontoBiSectorArray PlanningandDeployment

Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential

OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR CONCEPTS

Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential

Hata Model Used for GSM 900

35.2 log(D) for 30m

Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential

COST 231- Used for DCS 1800

How to use models

Isotropic Path Loss (dB)

160.0 150.0 140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0 80.0

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Path Loss and Link Budgets

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Path Loss and Link Budgets

URBAN 900 35 1.5 0 0.0159 12 0 2 13.7 162.0 1.8 8.4 3.2

SUBURBAN 900 35 1.5 0 0.0159 0 6 2 8 162.0 7.5 146.6 56.5

URBAN 1800 35 1.5 0 0.0430 12 0 2 13.7 162.0 0.9 2.3 0.9

SUBURBAN 1800 35 1.5 0 0.0430 0 6 2 8 162.0 4.5 52.2 20.1

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AFP tool Models

Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright 2006 | Proprietary and Confidential

Radius of Cell is given by R Distance between Co-Channel Cell centers is given by D

- Drawback of cells is loss of trunking efficiencies

Where -4 is the attenuation coefficient

Where Q is the Interference Reduction Factor, M is the number of interferes

1 2 Area cluster = 2 3 D = 1 N= 3 2 3 3R Area cell 2

Number of cells in cluster N

Sectorization: Basic Concept

April 15, 2011

GSM 6-Sector Capacities

# # Sectors Interferers Omni 1 7 3-Sectored 3 2 6-Sectored 6 1

TRX per Sector 6 5 4

Erlangs Per Sector 32.8 26.4 20.1

Erlangs per Site 32.8 79.3 120.9

April 15, 2011

C/I levels for Reuse Schemes

N=7 N=5 N=4 N=3 N=1

20.8 16.2 15.0 12.5 2.7

N=7 N=4 N=3 N=2 N=1

24.9 19.4 16.7 12.4 7.8

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April 15, 2011

What about Cell Splitting

HOW THE BSA IMPROVES SECTORIZATION

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Typical Network with Local Hot Spot

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April 15, 2011

Traditional narrow and mulit-beam

Large Area of Overlap

Wasted Coverage No coverage

April 15, 2011

Shaped Beam Advantage

Narrow Area of Overlap

Minimal Wasted Coverage

Low Cusping Loss

The most effective solution for Higher Order Sectorization

April 15, 2011

Drop and Insert Solution

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