Experiment 1: Report Sheet A: Galvanic Cell-Reduction Potentials for Several Redox Couples

Galvanic Cell Cu-Zn Cu-Mg Cu-Fe Zn-Mg Fe-Mg Zn-Fe Measured Ecell (V) 0.68 1.50 0.64 0.79 0.87 0.15 Anode Zn Mg Fe Mg Mg Zn Equation for Anode Reaction 2+ Zn Zn + 2e 2+ Mg Mg + 2e 2+ Fe Fe + 2e 2+ Mg Mg + 2e 2+ Mg Mg + 2e 2+ Zn Zn + 2e Cathode Cu Cu Cu Zn Fe Fe Equation for Cathode Reaction 2+ Cu + 2e Cu 2+ Cu + 2e Cu 2+ Cu + 2e Cu 2+ Zn + 2e Zn 2+ Fe + 2e Fe 2+ Fe + 2e Fe

Write the overall equations for six cell reactions Zn + Cu2+ Cu + Zn2+ Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Mg + Zn2+ Mg2+ + Zn Mg + Fe2+ Mg2+ + Fe Zn + Fe2+ Zn2+ + Fe

2.

Based on Zn-Mg = 0.79 V, Mg-Cu=1.50 V Zu-Cu cell potential = (1.50 0.79) V = 0.72 V Zn-Cu cell potential ( experiment) = 0.68 V Therefore, the value obtained is slightly the same with the calculated one. Based on Zn-Fe= 0.15 V, Zn-Mg =0.79 V Fe-Mg cell potential = (0.79 0.15) V = 0.64 V Fe-Mg cell potential ( experiment) = 0.87 V

3.

The difference between both values if slightly larger due to small error while operating the experiment.

4.
Redox Couple Zn /Zn 2+ Fe / Fe 2+ Cu / Cu 2+ Mg /Mg
2+

Reduction Potential (Measured) (V) -0.79 0.15 0.68 0.79

Reduction Potential (Calculated) (V) -0.76 0.32 1.13 1.61

% Error 3.94 53.13 39.82 50.93

For Cu2+/ Cu, Reduction Potential (Calculated) Ecell = Eocell -

0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Cu 2 ] 0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Cu 2 ]

= EoCu2+/Cu EoZn2+/Zn = [0.34- (-0.79)] = 1.13 V Percentage Error = |

0.0592 [0.1 ] log 2 [0.1 ]

0.68 1.13) | 100% 1.13

= 39.82 % For Fe2+/ Fe, Reduction Potential (Calculated) Ecell = Eocell -

0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Fe2 ] 0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Fe2 ]

= EoFe2+/Fe EoZn2+/Zn = [-0.44- (-0.76)] = 0.32 V Percentage Error = |

0.0592 [0.1 ] log 2 [0.1 ]

0.15 0.32 | 100% 0.32
= 53.13 %

For Mg2+/ Mg, Reduction Potential (Calculated) Ecell = Eocell -

0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Fe2 ]

= EoZn2+/Zn - EoMg2+/Mg -

0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Fe2 ]

= [-0.76 (-2.37)] = 1.61V

0.0592 [0.1 ] log 2 [0.1 ]

Percentage Error = |

0.79 1.61 | 100% 1..61

= 50.93% For Zn2+/ Zn, Reduction Potential (Calculated) Ecell = Eocell -

0.0592 [ Zn 2 ] log 2 [Fe2 ]

= -0.76 V

Percentage Error = |

0.79 (0.76) | 100% 0.76

= 3.94%

B: Electrolytic Cell-Electrolysis of Aqueous Salt Solutions Solution NaCl Electrodes Litmus Test C (gr) Before: Neutral After: In anode, the red litmus turned to blue whereas in cathode, the blue litmus turned to red. Before: Neutral After: In cathode, the red litmus paper turned to blue whereas in the anode, it was neutral. Before: The blue litmus paper turned to red. After: Both anode and cathode changed the blue litmus paper to red. Before: The blue litmus paper turned to red. After: Both anode and cathode changed the blue litmus paper to red. Gas Evolved? Gas present in both anode and cathode Equations for Reactions Anode: 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OHCathode: 2Cl- Cl2 + 2eOverall: 2H2O + 2Cl- H2 + 2OH- + Cl2

NaBr

C (gr)

Yellow Anode: 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OHprecipitate occurs and Cathode: 2Br- Br2 + 2ecolorless gas was Overall: 2H2O + : 2Br- Br2 + H2 + 2OHreleased. Colorless Anode: 2H2O(l) O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4egas was released. Cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) Overall: 2H2O(l) + 2Cu2+ O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + Cu

CuSO4

C (gr)

CuSO4

Cu (s)

Black Anode: Cu ==> Cu2+ + 2edeposited appeared. Cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) Colorless gas was Overall: Cu + Cu2+ Cu + Cu2+ released.