101 Unix Commands

101 UNIX Commands

Document Index Ref: 101 Unix Commands

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101 Unix Commands

Objective This document intends to provide the list of UNIX commands used by AIX/Solaris/Unix admins day to day operation. No Commands $ ssh username@servername command used to login to server $ cd.. takes you to previous Dir $ vi <file_name> opens file for reading/editing $ grep <pattern> file_name checks pattern/word in file name specified $ ln file1 file2 creates link of file1 to file2 $ clear clears the scree $w will display more info abt the users logged in $ rm <file_name> will delete file specified $ rm * Delete all the files in the present directory (BE CAREFUL WHILE GIVING THIS COMMAND) $ chmod 777 <file_name> changes file_name/directory permissions use R switch for recursive $ rsh -l <login_name> <server_name> No Commands $ pwd it prints present working directory $ mkdir <directory> will create directory $ cat <file_name> display contents of file $ head <file_name> shows first 10 lines of file_name No Commands $ ls -l listing the files in present directory $ mkdir -p /home/user1/d1/d2/d3 will create all the non-existing Dirs $ more <file_name> displays page by page contents of file $ touch <file_name> creates a zero/dummy file

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$ cp <file1> <file2> Copy a file $ who Displays logged in user to the system. $ ps -ef shows process

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$ mv <file1> <file2> Move/rename a file or folder $ file <file_name> shows what type of file it is like $ which <file_name> shows if the file_name/command exists and if exists display the path $ tail <file_name> shows last 10 lines of file use tail -f for continous update of file_name

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$ find . -type f -print -exec grep -i <type_ur_text_here> {} \; this is recursive grep $ find / -name <file_name> -print

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$ chown owner:group <file_name> changes owner & group for the file_name $ rcp file1 file2 Copying file to remoter servers (This requires preconfiguration on remote servers like .rhosts & hosts.equiv)

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$ chgrp <groupname> <filename> use R for recursive

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$ gunzip <file_name> unzips file name $ gzip <file_name> zips file_name

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$uncompress <filename> uncompresses filename $ crontab -l Shows the cron jobs running/scheduled for the current user. -->$crontab -l > present_cronjobs -->edit/add entries to present_cronjobs -->$crontab present_cronjobs (This will submit/resubmit the jobs in file presnt_cronjobs to CRON) $ nohup <cmd_name> & nohup is very useful command. it runs the command even the telnet connection is closed/broken. & is used for running command in background. $ id shows current user's UID, username and GID and group name $ isainfo -v shows supported platforms (32-bit, 64-bit) $ rm - <-filename> for deleting special files $ rm "<file name>" delete file names with spaces in between $ du sk <dir/file name> Display the size of the files/folder $ pkginfo Gives/shows info about installed packages/software on system $ init 6 will reboot the system (other init options are 1, 2, 3, 5 and S)

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$ compress <file_name> compresses file_name $ at $ at -l will show the at jobs scheduled at schedule a job to run later time at <time> command/script (will run the script at specified time)

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$ bc -l bench calculator killing an unwanted process $ps ef | grep <process_name> (will show the PID of the process in the 2nd field)

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$kill -9 <PID> $ kill -3 <PID> Used to take threaddump of java process

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$ uptime will show how long the system has been up and also shows cpu load, number of users logged in etc.

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$ last Will show the users logged in/out information last <user_name> shows particular user logins/logouts last reboot shows all the system boots $ uname -a will show system name, solaris version, platform and some more information $ env List the environmental variables set to your current session $ echo $TERM Shows terminal type like vt100, vt220 etc. ($PATH, $ORACLE_HOME etc can be used with echo) $ mount will show all mounted file systems with additional info like large filesystem support etc $ init 0 will shutdown the system tar -cvf allfile.tar /<directory_name> copies all files under directory to allfile.tar $ tar -xvf allfile.tar /home

$ hostid 47 shows unique identifier of host $ hostname will give your system name. 48

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$ useradd <username> Adding a user to the system $ userdel <username> Deleting a user from the system $ df -k will show all the mounted filesystems. $ showrev p shows all patches installed on system $ alias l='ls -l' alias dir='ls -l|grep "^d"' alias p='pwd' alias c='clear' Short cuts for commonly used

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101 Unix Commands No Commands No Commands commands No Commands retrieves tar files to /home directory $ tar -tvf allfile.tar reads contents of allfile.tar $ set -o vi While your shell is set to KSH use this command to display history of commands you are typing Press ESCAPE and k for showing previous commands $ mount will show the disks mounted and all partitions $ cd /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag -v shows additional configuration of memory, cpu speed etc.. $ mpstat shows multi cpu statistics like load on each cpu. $ prstat shows process related statistics (present from solaris 2.7 and above) $ psrinfo gives processor/s information (online/offline) $ strings <file_name> shows printable strings in any type of file (binary, object, text etc) $ uadmin 2 0 stops system immediately within 5 seconds(BE CAREFUL-- has to be to root) $ dos2unix <filename> Convert dos formatted file to unix format

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$ /usr/sbin/ifconfig -a Will show the ip-address of the system. lo0 : loopback interface hme0 : hundred MBPS n/w interface qfe0 : quad ehternet interface $ ifconfig unplumb hme0 will disable ehternet interface hme0 $ top shows all process and memory, cpu etc utilisation

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$ ping <hostname> will ping and test connectivity between your system and the hostname you give in the ping. you can also give ping <ipaddress>

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$ ifconfig plumb hme0 will enable hme0 $ prtconf shows h/w, cpu, memory conf

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$ sysdef shows system h/w, memory, and other internal configurable/tunable paramters $ iostat disk utilisation, cpu, io wait etc (iostat -xcM gives extented statistics of disk activity, cpu etc) $ netstat shows network statistics $ truss -p <PID> shows system calls and signals (useful when debugging process) $ format will show all the disks configuration and partitions $ halt halts processor and reboots machine (BECAREFUL -has to be root) $ mkfile 60m <swap file name> creates a filename of size 60mb which can be used for adding to swap space

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$ sar A system archive report, gives total system report for cpu, memory, disk, etcc $ vmstat memory and virtual memory utilization $ lsof -p <pid> List the opened files for the process $ stty erase ^H sets backspace for deleting typed character $ prtvtoc shows disk partition/geometry info $ adb debugging tool (for reading/debugging corefiles) $ swap -a <swap file name> attaches the 60mb file to swap space (Very useful when swap space is running out)

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$ swap -l lists the swap contents 93

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101 Unix Commands No Commands $ sleep 5 waits for 5 seconds (useful in shell scripts) No Commands $ cat <file_name> |awk '{print $1}' Prints the first field of the filed ($1, $2... can be used to display more fields) $ ksh x <file name.sh> Will compile the shell file line by line No Commands :1,$s/<old>/<new>/g use the above for global replacement of text in ascii files using vi editor
PS1=[$ (hostname)]'$ORACLE_SID@$PWD >' Add this entry on .profile , you can view the hostname , $VARIABLE,current directort path

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:1,$s/^M//g remove Ctrl M character in text files using vi editor

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$ipcs mb Will provide the shared memory information

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$ mailx -s"<Subject Name>" user1@cognizant.com.com < file.txt Will send this file.txt to a mail $ uuencode $file $file| mail -s "<Subject Name>" user1@domian.com Will send the files as an attachment.

Important Directories to Remember / Root Directiry of unix system /usr/bin This directory cotains all user level unix commands /usr/sbin This directory Contains administrative related commands /usr/lib /etc This directory contains libraries This directory contains system configuration files

/var/adm This directory contains system/application logs. /etc/rc.d This directory Contains all startup scripts.There will be more of this kind rc2.d, rc3.d, rc0.d, rc5.d, rc6.d each directory has scripts which will run in its own run level. /opt In general, this directory used to install the 3rd party optional packages. /proc This contains the snapshot of the system process and memory status. Important files to remember /etc/passwd it will show all the logins, home directories of the users. /etc/shadow shows password encryption info and other user related info (only root has access to this file) /etc/system This file has all n/w, h/w, memory etc tunable parameters/values /etc/inittab This file defines the default run level of the system. /etc/hosts This file contains the list of hosts/IP address /etc/services This file contains the port/service Name /etc/nsswitch.conf This file is used to configure which services are to be used to determine information such as hostnames, password files, and group /etc/ntpd.conf This file is used to configure Network Time Deamon /etc/inetd.conf This file tells which ports to listen to and what server to start for each port /etc/syslog.conf This file have the configuration log file location and rotation sequence /etc/sudoers contains the list of user names with the command allowed to execute by the user with additional privileges /etc/fstab This file contains the list of file system and it mount points /etc/resolv.conf contains the DNS server names for the name resolution

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