Causes et solutions des problmes des dchets et de l'assainissement

Causes and solutions of problems in waste and sanitation

Muna Lakhani Institute for Zero Waste in Africa www.izwa.org.za

"Normal" mondiale Normal World

Ralit du monde physique Actual Physical World

Population Mondiale World Population

Consommation Mondiale Consumption World

Flux de Materiel Actuels Material Flows Today

Mining Agriculture Fossil Fuels Aquacultur e Energy Water

Design Manufacture Distribution Retail Use Disposal Air Landfill Incineration Marine Outfalls

Le Plastique cest Toxique

The chemicals in the manufacture of plastics is a key health and pollution problem. Some of the impacts include: affects development, of the foetus and children spontaneous abortion intelligence, memory, learning, and behaviour, skeleton, body size and shape, significant increase in prostate size prostate cancer reduced sperm count Multi-generational effects

Les dfauts de conception Design Flaws

materials extracted for durable goods become waste almost immediately) (American Business Week)

90% des matriaux extraits pour les biens durables deviennent des dchets presque immdiatement (90% of Brosse dents ~ 1,5 kg de dchets Tlphone cellulaire ~ 75 kg de dchets 1 voiture tonnes ~ 62 tonnes de dchet 2,3 kg ~ ordinateur portable 9 kg Dchets

Who Should Pay?

The main reason why waste is a problem, is that after the profit is made, the problem is ours, yet we did not make the profit! We subsidise companies with waste management, our health and environmental damage. It should be a cost of the producer. After 30 years of voluntary recycling in South Africa, we have still recycle less than 20%

Definition
Zero Waste is an ethical, economical, efficient and visionary goal that guides people to emulate sustainable natural cycles in which all discarded materials become resources for others. Zero Waste means: Designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of materials and waste. Conserving and recovering all resources - not burning or burying. Eliminating all discharges to land, water or air, as they are a threat to our planet and human, animal and plant health

Zro Dchet est un objectif thique, conomique, efficace et visionnaire qui pousse les gens imiter les cycles naturels durable dans laquelle tous les dchets deviennent des ressources pour d'autres. Zro dchets signifie : La conception et la gestion des produits et des processus pour viter systmatiquement le volume et la toxicit des matires et des dchets. La conservation et la rcupration de toutes les ressources ne pas brler, ni enterrer. L'limination de tous les rejets la terre, de l'eau ou de l'air, car ils sont une menace pour notre plante et lhumanit, sant animale et vgtale

Organigramme conomie durable Sustainable Economy Flowchart

Design de Produits Propres (Clean Product Design)

Production Propre (Clean Production)

Distribution / retail

Utilisation (Use)

Fourniture de ressources durable (Sustainable Resource Supply)

Rcupration (Recovery)

Compost

Tres Important Very Important!

Deux choses sont essentielles pour un systme zro dchet bonne. 1) La mise en uvre et lapplication d`une bonne politique 2) un prix minimum rglement pour les matires recyclables Two things are critical for a good zero waste system. 1) a good policy that is implemented and enforced 2) a regulated minimum price for recyclable material

Some Ideas for Paper Waste

Some ideas for Tyres

Some ideas for Glass

Ideal Use: Re-use

Bricks Water Filtration Grit Blasting Cement and Concrete Fibreglass Insulation

Compost with Worms

Majority of waste is organic in SA, 50% - Rest of Africa +- 70% (organic is the most obvious health issue of waste)

Many Ways

Pourquoi Re-concevoir des produits?

(Why Re-design Products?)

Why is this product a crap design?

Muna Lakhani - IZWA

Separation

Biodigester Conception Design

Biodigester

Une Solution (parmi de nombreuses)

Impact

Special thanks to Irita and LDIW

Muna Lakhani Institute for Zero Waste in Africa muna@iafrica.com