Duty Of Gratitude

- a duty to appreciate and recognize the services others have done for us, which may be either a favor, kindness, good fortune, a great help, or saving ones life -duty to be grateful for good things done to you and if possible to show it by good deeds in return. -"rests upon the fact that there are other beings in the world whose condition we can make better in respect of virtue, or of intelligence, or of pleasure" (Ross, 21-22). - it is the obligation to be thankful for benefactions done to oneself- Dr. Jan Garrett -Bivins illustrates the concept by noting that employees treated favorably tend to express their gratitude by performing their duties well.

Duty Of Justice

- stresses the proper distribution of social benefits and burdens. -means only those who merit rewards should receive them, regardless of their position or power.-Bivins - punishment should be distributed when appropriate, regardless of status.

Duty Of Beneficence

- enjoins us not only to bring about what is good for others but also to help them better their conditions with respect to virtue, intelligence or comfort - requires the provision of benefits and balancing of benefits and harm for all people concerned in a given circumstance -beneficence is an obligation to other beings in the world whose condition we can make better." - examples of beneficence are pro bono work and philanthropy according to Bivins

Duty Of Self-Improvement

- a duty to improve ones own existence whenever possible. -Ross links it with virtue and intelligence. - increasing ones awareness of prima facie duties is inherent in this responsibility-Bivin . -Garrett explains that improving ones own happiness, health, security, moral goodness and wisdom will positively affect the well-being of others.

Duty Of Non Maleficence

- it is simply the obligation to avoid hurting someone when possible. -we ought to prevent evil or harm, which encompasses pain, suffering, disability and death -Bivins says non-injury may be the most important of the prima facie duties because it should be considered before taking any action. -Garrett says preventing injury to others is always more pressing than taking a beneficial action. Example: a physician who assumes the treatment and care of a patient, yet lacks the qualifications of his profession, and does not possesses the skill, care, and diligence required for treating such a patient, would actually be exposing this patient to danger