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=
Domain:
Range:
3
t
t
2
t
2
t
3
2
1
1
2
3
x
y
( ) y Cos x =
Domain:
Range:
For this one, you draw the inverse!
3 2 1 1 2 3
t
2
t
2
x
y
1
( ) y Cos x
=
Domain:
Range:
t
t
2
t
2
t
3
2
1
1
2
3
x
y
( ) y Tan x =
Domain:
Range:
3 2 1 1 2 3
t
2
t
2
x
y
1
( ) y Tan x
=
Domain:
Range:
What is really important to notice here is that the range of the Capital Letter Trig Functions are the exact
same as the range of the lower case letter trig functions. We have all the outputs, but without the repeats
that happen because of periodicity.
Look at the inverse functions The output of the inverse functions is an angle. What quadrants are the
outputs in?
1
( ) y Sin x
= :
1
( ) y Cos x
= :
1
( ) y Tan x
= :
4
Put your calculator in degree mode.
1. Lets solve the following equations using our calculators:
(a) sin( ) 0.6 u = (b) cos( ) 0.1 u = (c) tan( ) 5 u =
(d) cos( ) 0.2 u = (e) tan( ) 0.5 u = (f) cos( ) 0.9 u =
We know these equations have an infinite number of solutions. We will use our calculators to help us find
them. Lets look specifically at (a)
To get u alone, we need to take the inverse sine of both sides:
1 1
sin( )) ( (0.6) Sin Sin u
=
Why does that get u alone? Because we have learned that functions and their inverses undo each other.
Thus
1
sin( )) ( Sin u u
= . So we know
1
(0.6) Sin u
= .
Thus we get:
1
(0.6) 36.87
o
Sin u
= ~
This is just one solution, instead of the infinite number of solutions. The reason we dont get the infinite
number of solutions is because of our restricted domain.
By restricting the domain, weve given the calculator a way to solve these problems by creating an inverse
function and using that inverse function to find the angle.
2. Find one solution to the equations above, using your calculator.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e) (f)
The big idea that I want you to take away from today is this:
Sine, cosine, and tangent do not have inverse functions. However, our calculators do have the inverse
function capabilities on it. What is it actually taking the inverse of, since we have established that sine,
cosine, and tangent do not have inverse functions?
In other words, what is the calculator doing, when we see a screenshot like this:
The answer is that in order for us to deal with sine, cosine, and tangent and have inverse functions, if
we restrict the domain, we will have one-to-one functions, meaning that they then have inverses.
5
Section 3: Why These Particular Restrictions?!? What if we had other restricted domains?
1. Could we have defined ( ) y Sin x = so that it
has a restricted domain of } { | 0 x x t s < ? If
so, is this a good choice for the restriction? If
not, why not?
3t
2
t
t
2
t
2
t
3t
2
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
x
y
2. Could we have defined ( ) y Sin x = so that it
has a restricted domain of
3 } | / 2 / 2 { x x t t s < ? If so, is this a good
choice for the restriction? If not, why not?
3t
2
t
t
2
t
2
t
3t
2
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
x
y
3. Could we have defined ( ) y Sin x = so that it
has a restricted domain of / 2 0} { | x x t s < ?
If so, is this a good choice for the restriction??
If not, why not?
3t
2
t
t
2
t
2
t
3t
2
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
x
y
4. Could we have defined ( ) y Tan x = so that it
has a restricted domain of
/ { | } 3 2 / 2 x x t t s < ? If so, is this a good
choice for the restriction?? If not, why not?
3t
2
t
t
2
t
2
t
3t
2
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
x
y
6
5. Could we have defined ( ) y Cos x = so that it
has a restricted domain of
/ 2 { / 2} | x x t t s < ? If so, is this a good
choice for the restriction? If not, why not?
3t
2
t
t
2
t
2
t
3t
2
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
x
y
6. What are the qualities we are looking for that makes a restricted domain of our trig graphs a good
one?
You may be wondering why the official ones were chosen, if there are many choices for the restricted
domain. They were chosen because they were easy to work with. Thats all. It was arbitrary.
7. Below is a graph for cos( ) y x = . Come up with a new restricted domain for ( ) y Cos x = (one that is
different than the restricted domain on the second page) that could also work
7t
2
3t
5t
2
2t
3t
2
t
t
2
t
2
t
3t
2
2t
5t
2
3t
7t
2
1
1
x
y