Nigerian Agr Transformation Agenda

Unlocking the Potential of Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Nigerias Transformation Agenda for Agriculture
Dr. Akinwumi Adesina, PhD (Purdue) Honourable Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
Presented at the Symposium on Growing food: New places, new technologies Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies
April 17th 2012
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
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Low Agricultural Productivity is at the heart of food insecurity in Africa
China
S.Asia
SS Africa
Cereal Yields t/ha
5 4 3
1
0 1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2010
Source: FAOSTAT (2001)

Netherlands Vietnam Japan UK China France Brazil USA India South Africa Cuba Benin Malawi Ethiopia Mali Burkina Faso Nigeria Tanzania Mozambique Guinea Ghana Uganda
0
100 200 300 400 500
Fertilizer use per ha in sub-Saharan Africa is the
lowest in the world
600
kg/ha
Source: FAOSTAT, July 2003; Norman Borlaug, 2004

Why the green revolution bypassed Africa

1. Focus was on wheat and rice, which were not major crops in Africa 2. Africa has a more diverse agro-ecological environment than Asia 3. While Asia has homogenous irrigated areas, Africa is dominated by rain-fed agricultural 4. Weak political will in Africa compared to Asia 5. African countries had weaker infrastructure, policies and institutions to support farmers
Technologies now exist to allow Africa to feed itself

New Rice for Africa (NERICA)
Africas rice imports has risen from 8.5 Billion USD in 1986 to close to 150 Billion USD per year in 1980-2000 over 200 new varieties of rice were released and generated annual income of US$ 375-850 Million
High Yielding Cassava Varieties

Pro Vitamin A Cassava in Nigeria To save 1.5 Billion USD in GDP loss to vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Orange Flesh Sweet Potato Water Efficient Maize for Africa Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa
20-30% yield increase, Yield stability
The new gene revolution should not bypass Africa

Biotechnology offers great potential to help feed Africa Bt-cotton is growing in West Africa and South Africa Successful development and testing of GM maize in Kenya and South Africa, and GM bananas in Uganda, to address pest and disease complexes Challenges that must be overcome for gene revolution Conventional breeding still holds the best option Public research institutions are dominant, not private research institutions Unlike in green revolution in Asia, seeds from gene revolution are commercial, not public goods (farmers need to be able to reuse seeds) Limited public-private partnerships for sharing proprietary technologies for crops of importance for the (Africa Agricultural Technology Foundation) Weak biosafety regulatory framework in many countries Environmental and consumer safety issues
African leaders are combining political will with technologies, markets and institutional support for farmers
We must feed ourselves. I will not suffer the indignity of begging for food
Late Dr Bingu wa Mutharika President of Malawi
Tipping Point on Hunger in Africa: Malawi achieves food self sufficiency
2005/06: $50 Million subsidy with Government distribution

2006/07: $60 Million smart subsidy
Maize green revolution:

400,000 MT surplus in 2005/06 900,000 MT surplus in 2007 Malawi exported 400,000 MT of maize to Zimbabwe Malawi donated 10,000 MT of maize to Lesotho and Swaziland
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African Governments decided to devote 10% of National Budget for Agriculture: CAADP Maputo Declaration
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Nigeria is an untapped potential agricultural power house

84 Million Ha of Arable Land; 40% utilization
Land
165 Million people, projected to grow to 470 Million by 2050
Large Internal Markets
Agricultural Potential
Water
279 Billion Cubic Meters of Surface Water Untapped irrigation potential with 3 of the 8 major river systems in Africa.
Labor
110 Million Youth in the work force in 2020 Low wages for agricultural intensification
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Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of groundnuts

Our former glory in the global trade of groundnut Circa 1961
Share of worlds shelled groundnut exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by China, USA and Argentina

Nigerias export volumes compared to global export volumes for shelled groundnut 1961 2008* Measure: Thousands of metric tons
Nigerias Exports
Global Exports
0%
16%
Others Nigeria
Our competitors maintained their

dominance due to strong marketing organizations that linked the farmers to markets and hence were able to meet new strict sanitary and phytosanitary requirements, particularly for Aflatoxin, a serious food toxin. New technologies, Aflasafe, have been developed in Nigeria by IITA to enable Nigeria meet the new strict sanitary and phytosanitary requirements.
Global market-share trend of shelled groundnut among key producers** Measure: Percent of global trade of shelled Groundnut USA China Argentina Nigeria 2008
*FAO
** Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of palm oil

Our former glory in global trade of palm oil Circa 1961
Share of worlds palm oil exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Malaysia

Nigerias export volumes compared to global export volumes 1961 2008** Measure: Thousands of metric tons Nigerias Exports 4% Global Exports
Others
Nigeria
9%
While Nigeria declined rapidly, the

industry grew even faster to over 33 Million metric tons. Our competitors continued to invest in their agricultural sector R&D to develop higher yielding varieties and remain competitive Malaysia now controls 40% of the world trade of Oil Palm products valued at over US$18 Billion
Global market-share trend of palm oil among key producers** Measure: Percent of global trade of palm oil Malaysia
Indonesia
Nigeria 2008
*FAO
** Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria's stagnation in the world trade of cocoa

Our former glory in global trade of cocoa Circa 1961
Share of worlds cocoa exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Cote dIvoire

Nigerias export volumes 1961 2008* Measure: Thousands of metric tons Nigerias exports 0.4% Cocoa Bean Price ** Measure : US$ per metric ton
Others
Nigeria
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
While Nigerias production stagnated,

the industry grew to over 2.7 Million MT. Our competitors maintained their dominance due to strong marketing organizations Our stagnation has meant we have been unable to benefit fully from rapidly rising global prices.
Global market-share trend of cocoa among key producers*** Measure: Percent of global trade of cocoa Cote dIvoire Ghana Indonesia Nigeria 2008
*FAO
** Index Mundi
*** Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of cotton

Our former position in global trade of cotton Circa 1961
Share of the worlds cotton exports in 1961* Measure: % of world trade
Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Mali and Burkina Faso

Nigerias export volumes compared to global export volumes 1961 2008* Measure: Thousands of metric tons Nigerias exports Global exports 1%
2% Others Nigeria
In 1961, Nigeria was the major West

African cotton exporter , however, its prominence has been eclipsed by Mali and Burkina Faso. Our competitors maintained their dominance due to strong marketing organizations, that linked the farmers to markets and provided support in the form of improved planting materials and fertilizer and the ability to meet quality standards.
Global market-share trend of Cotton among key West African producers ** Measure: Percent of global trade of Cotton Mali
Burkina Faso
Nigeria 2008
*FAO
**Doreo Analysis, FAO
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Need to raise agricultural productivity in Nigeria

Comparison of Nigerias yields across all crops versus other leading agricultural countries
Index of crop yields relative to Nigerias yields in 1961* Measure: Relative growth in crop yields Annual growth rates 1961 2008 3% 2% 2.3% 1.6% 1.2%
Yield per Hectare is the driver of

agricultural competitiveness.
Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Brazil Nigeria
Nigeria's yield per hectare is 20% to

50% of that obtained in similar developing countries.
Nigeria has one of the lowest usage

rates of agricultural inputs.
Indonesia lowest in 1961

1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 Nigerias low fertilizer utilization** Measure: Kg per hectare Nigerias low utilization of improved seeds** Measure: Percent of farmers
Nigeria ranks at the bottom on

agricultural indices Mechanization Intensity: 10 tractors
per 1000 Ha compared to Indonesia with 241 tractors per 1000 Ha Irrigation: 0.8% of arable land irrigated compared to Thailands 28% of arable land irrigated
* Doreos Analysis, FAO
**IFDC
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Nigeria Imports over USD$11 Billion in wheat, rice, sugar and fish every year
Nigerias imports
Nigerias top 4 food imports * Measure: Annual food imports in billions of naira Wheat Worlds largest importer of US hard red and white winter Wheat Rice Worlds #2 Importer Key takeaways
Nigerias food imports are growing at an

unsustainable rate of 11% per annum.
Relying on the import of expensive food on

global markets fuels domestic inflation.
Excessive imports putting high pressure on

the Naira and hurting the economy
Nigeria is importing what it can produce in

abundance.
Sugar
Import dependency is hurting Nigerian

farmers, displacing local production and creating rising unemployment.
Import dependency is not acceptable, nor

Fish
*CBN
sustainable fiscally, economically or politically.
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Agricultural Transformation Action Plan

Turning Nigeria from a food importing country to a self-sufficient and food exporting country
Do re o
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Significant Growth in Non-oil Exports and Agriculture Dominates Non-Oil Sector Growth
Agriculture consistently 75% of Non Oil Exports
Value of agriculture and other non-oil exports (N Bn)
Agriculture Sector Other Non Oil Sectors
100 55 60
35
50
295
190 210
100
2006
Source: CBN, FBN Cpital
150
2007
2008
2009
2010
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Agricultures potential to grow the economy

Value of Agricultural Sector, constant 2010 US $ (Billions of dollars)
256 36
+159%
52 69
99
2010
Increased Yield
Current Share of growth, %
Shift to Higher Value Crops 1 Additional potential 33% 23%
Increased Acreage
Potential 2030
44%
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Key drivers for our transformation

Rapid Urbanization
The percentage of the population in Urban Areas has doubled in 40 years from 24% to 49%
Nigeria must become an agriculturally industrialized economy We want to modernize the agricultural sector, raise agricultural productivity, develop modern food supply chains, accelerate food processing and value addition, and achieve economies of scale in food production and supply to meet the food needs of Africa's largest population. While Nigeria is the largest food market, we are import dependent, so unable to create jobs, drive markets for locally produced crops. We have decided to end this. Now our goal is "process what we produce, promote locally produced foods, make our farmers prosperous and create jobs". We want prosperity to grow in our rural areas, as our food supply chains grow, for local, regional and export markets.
Rising Population
The Nigerian population has doubled in the last 30 years from 80 Million in 1982 to 165 Million in 2012, and is projected to reach 450 Million by 2050 Increased population coupled with increased meat and fats consumption driving up food demand.
Growth in Food Demand
Need to Create Jobs
Over 4 million youths entering the workforce every year.
Post Harvest Losses
50% for vegetables and fruits, 30% for tubers and roots 20% for grains
Our Vision: Grow Nigerias agricultural sector
To make Nigeria an agriculturally industrialized economy

What we have stopped doing
Treating agriculture as a development project Isolated projects that do not clearly grow the sector in a clear and measurable way.
Big government crowding out the private sector
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Our Vision: Grow Nigerias agricultural sector To make Nigeria an agriculturally industrialized economy What we have started doing!
Treating agriculture as a business Integrating food production, storage, food processing and industrial manufacturing by value chains (farm to fork) Focusing on value chains where Nigeria has comparative advantage Using agriculture to create jobs, wealth and ensure food security Investment-driven strategic partnerships with the private sector Investment drives to unlock potential of our States in agriculture (joint drives with State Governors)
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New policies, institutions and financing structures to drive sector growth:

1. 2. 3. 4. Deregulation of seed and fertilizer sectors Marketing reforms to structure markets Innovative financing for agriculture New agricultural investment framework
Do re o
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Policy reform: Government gets out of direct fertilizer procurement and distribution and leverages mobile phones to target farmers with farm inputs
Government no longer buys and sells fertilizers and seeds Private sector now sell fertilizers and seeds directly to farmers Government provides 50% support for seeds & fertilizers Vouchers and Electronic-Wallets (mobile phones) are being used to better target subsidized inputs to farmers, with target of reaching 5 million farmers per year Banking system is being used to finance input supply: 30 Billion Naira was financed for 2102, using guarantees, without spending a single Naira of government funds Government has liberalized foundation seed production to private sector to accelerate growth of the seed sector Establishing a Nigerian Seed Venture Capital Fund. Goal is to grow the use of hybrid seeds from 8,000 metric tons to 1,000,000 metric tons, per year
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Marketing Corporations and Commodity Exchanges are being established to facilitate marketing for agricultural commodities
Leading global examples of marketing corporations
We are establishing MARKETING

CORPORATIONS to coordinate the production, investments, grades and standards, market price stabilization etc. for all value chains in Nigeria
Marketing Corporations will be

owned by agricultural value chains, run as private sector led institutions
Agricultural commodity exchange to

improve market access and price stabilization for farmers
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New Financing Framework for Agriculture by Central Bank of Nigeria will unlock $ 3 billion in affordable loans from banks for agricultural value chains NIRSAL : 75 billion assets to stimulate lending by banks and other financial players ) Agricultural Insurance Risk Technical Bank
sharing Facility (45B) Shares lending risks with banks (e.g. 50% loss incurred) Facility (4.5B) Link insurance products to the loan provided by the banks to loan beneficiaries assistance facility (9B) Build the capacity of banks, microfinance institutions Build capacity of agricultural value chains Expand financial inclusion bank rating scheme (1.5B) Rate banks according to their effectiveness of lending to agriculture . incentive mechanism (15B) Targeted incentives that move banks to a long term, strategic commitment to agricultural lending
Goal
Expand bank lending in agricultural value chains
NIRSAL Objective
De-risk agriculture finance value chain
Build longterm capacity
Institutionalise incentives for agriculture lending
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Staple Crop Processing Zones (SCPZ) to drive food processing and manufacturing industries and infrastructure investments Attract private investors into areas of high food Sample Agro Processing Plant
production to set up food processing plants
Reduce current high levels of post-harvest losses,

add value for increased local content of foods
Link farmers in clusters to food manufacturing plants
Create jobs and drive rapid rural economic growth

Staple Crop Processing Zones will receive Fiscal,
Investment and Infrastructure incentives: Tax breaks on import of agro-processing equipments Tax holidays for food processors Supportive infrastructure: power, roads, logistics, storage facilities, cargo airports
Develop Agricultural Investment Code for Nigeria
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Target commodity value chains for investments by zones
Sokoto Katsina Zamfara Kebbi Jigawa
NW
Yobe Borno
Cotton, Onion, Tomato and Sorghum + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries Cotton, Onion, Tomato and Sorghum + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries Maize and Soybean + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries Oil Palm and Cocoa + Rice & Cassava+ Livestock & Fisheries Oil Palm and Cocoa + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries Oil Palm and Cocoa + Rice & Cassava + Livestock & Fisheries
Kano
NE NC
Bauchi Kaduna Niger Plateau Kwara FCT1) Nasarawa
Gom be
Adamawa
Oyo
Osun Ekiti Ogun Lagos Ondo Edo Delta Kogi Benue AnaEnugu mbra Ebonyi Cross ImoAbia River
Taraba
SW SE
Akwa Bay e- Rivers Ibom lsa
SS
Rice Transformation Plan

Nigeria to be self sufficient in rice in four years and become the largest processor of locally produced rice in Africa
Do re o
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Nigeria will replace imported brown rice and finished parboiled rice with domestic production and milling of rice
Import Substitution of Parboiled Brown Rice
Annual Brown Rice Supply Options Import vs. Domestic Supply Measure: Millions Metric Tons
Import Substitution of Parboiled Finished Rice

Annual Finished Rice Supply Options Import vs. Domestic Supply Measure: Millions Metric Tons
Imported PB brown rice
Imported PB Rice
Domestically produced PB brown rice
Domestically Produced PB Rice
Replace imported brown rice with locally

produced brown rice by 2013.
Replace imported finished rice with locally

produced brown rice by 2015. Imports will be substituted by stimulating private sector to invest in rice processing facilities in areas of high production
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Investors rush to produce and mill local rice in Nigeria

Summary of actions to date
US investor invests $40 million in rice production and milling in Taraba State (February 2012) Expected production of 300,000 MT of rice (15% of imports) and creation of 15,000 jobs This will become the largest rice farm in Africa.
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Nigeria to have the largest high quality locally produced rice processing capacity in Africa
Investment facility concluded (February 2012) for 100 large scale integrated rice processing mills, with total capacity for 2 million MT of milled rice, per year Mills to be owned and operated by the private sector Mills to be located across major rice producing States, with completion period of 18-24 months Progress already made 3 new rice processing mills in Ebonyi, Niger and Kebbi States with capacity of 90,000 tons of milled rice have been completed (February 2012).
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High Quality Nigerian Rice: EBONY Rice, Ebonyi
High Quality Nigerian Rice rolled out: EBONY Rice, Ebonyi (March 2012)
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Do re o
Cassava Transformation Action Plan

Nigeria to become the largest processor of cassava in the world
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Cassava Value Chains to drive new industrial growth

HQCF High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) Principal market replacement of wheat flour in bread; others food industry, adhesive industry, dextrins. Native and modified starches We have two functional starch mills in Nigeria with a combined capacity of 20,000 tons (although they currently operate below capacity). Demand is currently met by corn starch imports.
Starch
Chips
Dried Chips Principal market to meet internal and external demand of cassava for industrial use. Chinas demand is expected to exceed 12 mill tons by 2015/16 due to their large ethanol production.
Sweeteners - High Fructose Cassava Syrup (HFCS) The total sugar requirement for soft drink bottlers and juice manufacturers in Nigeria is estimated at 200,000 tons of sugar p/a. A replacement of half of this by HFCS from cassava, would create a 100,000 ton demand. Fuel Ethanol (E10) Nigeria has adopted the policy of blending gasoline with 10% ethanol, the E-10 policy. This represents a potential one billion liter per year market of fuel ethanol and, assuming 50% of feedstock comes from cassava, a raw material requirement of 11 million tons of dried chips is required.
HFCS
Ethanol
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Mr. President launched 40% High Quality Cassava Flour Bread on 30 November, 2011 and challenged the private sector to commercialize
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Private Sector Success: Largest bread baker, UTC, commercializes cassava flour bread (February 2012) that is cheaper than 100% wheat flour bread, and encourages local content for jobs
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UTC Pastries (30% High Quality Cassava Flour)
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New Investments to make Nigeria the Largest Processor of Cassava Flour in the World
1. Procurement and installation of 18 large scale industrial processing
plants for producing High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF)
Total capacity of 1.3 Million MT per year
2. Processing plants to be run and owned by the private sector 3. The mills will support a massive structural shift in the flour milling and
bakery industry towards greater use of cassava flour in bread etc.

4. The mills will be supported with massive expansion in cassava
production, using medium and large scale mechanized cassava farms

5. Nigeria will save USD$2 Billion annually, create markets for 1.6 Mil MT
of HQCF, 6.4 Million MT of cassava, and thousands of jobs
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Cocoa Transformation Action Plan

Do re o
Nigeria to become the largest cocoa producer in the world
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Demand and Supply Side Targets Cocoa

Double Production in Four Yearsthen grow to over 1 Million Tons
Cocoa Supply Side Targets
Annual Projected Increase of Supply of Cocoa Beans Measure: Thousands of Metric Tons
Key Take Aways
Globally there is strong and

growing demand for Cocoa, particularly in Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America.
Our strategy: Rapidly grow Nigerias

production of cocoa beans: Rehabilitating plantations Raising productivity Expanding into new areas Newly released 8 new high yielding cocoa hybrids
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New High Yielding Cocoa Hybrids Developed by Nigerian Scientists Launches a Cocoa Revolution|
43
Released 8 New High Yielding, Fast Maturing Cocoa Hybrids to revolutionize Cocoa Sector Increased Yield (Kg/Ha)
Faster Maturing (Years to Mature)
Cocoa Transformation Action Plan

Establishment of Cocoa Market and Trade Corporation Cocoa Investment Fund (across all 16 cocoa producing states)
Do re o
Financing the replanting of cocoa plantations with new cocoa hybrids

Target is for Nigeria to hit over one million Metric tons of production in less than 10 years Local processing and value addition in cocoa industry to drive growth
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Sorghum Transformation Plan

Driving economic development in the North East and North West Nigeria is the largest producer of food sorghum in the world While USA is the largest producer of feed sorghum in the world and makes money globally, Nigeria has not been able to unlock its market potential for food sorghum New High Yielding Sorghum Hybrids opens up new opportunities all across the states in the North of Nigeria. Goal: Make Nigeria the largest processor of food sorghum in the world
Do re o
46
Food manufacturing and industrial use will drive sorghum value chains across Northern Nigeria
Fortified Foods
Sorghum will be utilized to produce nutritious fortified foods,

typically blended with soybeans.
Key markets for these fortified foods: Home Grown School Feeding programs Turn Nigeria into a major supplier of fortified foods for

food aid purchases for the region by World Food Program High Quality Sorghum Flour for composite flour with wheat for bread in Northern Nigeria Establish large scale sorghum processing plants
Malt
Sorghum will be used in producing malt for use in the

beverage industry (non-alcoholic beverages)
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Nigerian agriculture offers profitable returns on investments

Crop Tomato Cassava Cotton Modeled Investment Theme
Tomato paste and related products plant to replace imported Chinese paste Cassava chips processing for export to Northeast Asia Cotton production and ginning into lint for export and domestic markets
Start Up Capital (Fixed Assets)

$3.9M for plant with 15,000 tons/annum $3.5M for plant with 115,000 tons/annum plant $3.2M for a 30,000 ton /annum ginnery
IRR
20%
Payback Period
~ 4years
19% 20%
4.5 years 3.5 years
Maize
Rice Soya Beans
Processing into animal feed to serve fast growing livestock market

Rice production and milling to serve large domestic demand Processing into animal feeds, industrial supplements and oil for domestic markets
$3.5M for a 50,000 ton/annum plant

$6.1M on a 45,000 ton/annum rice mill $10M on a 100,000 ton plant
30%
~3.6 years
33% 106%
3.5 years 4.5 years
Source: Monitor Analysis; Interviews with Processors; NIRSAL Analysis
Climate change could negatively affect Nigerias food production

Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity without carbon fertilization; %
Percent change decrease n.a. <25 25 to 15 15 t -5 -5 to 0
Percent change increase 0 to 5 5 to 15
15 t 25
Source: CGD Global Warming and Agriculture: New Country Estimates Show Developing Countries Face Declines in Agriculture Productivity > 25
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Policies for climate change adaptation in Nigeria
Liberalization of the agricultural insurance market to allow private insurance companies Weather-indexed crop insurance Strategic grain reserves Expanded investment in irrigation
Development of drought tolerant crops

Improved access to climate and weather information
Agricultural Transformation: Deliverables in four years

Jobs
3.5 Million jobs across all agricultural value chains
Wealth
US$2 Billion in additional income in the hands of Nigerian farmers US$2.2 Billion injected into the economy from rice self sufficiency US$380 Million injected into the economy from substituting 40% of
bread wheat flour with cassava flour
Food Security
Nigeria to be food secure by increasing production of key food staples

by 20 Million metric tons. Rice: 2 Million metric tons Cassava: 17 Million metric tons Sorghum: 1 Million metric tons
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Unlocking the Potential of Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Nigerias Transformation Agenda for Agriculture

April 17th 2012

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Low Agricultural Productivity is at the heart of food insecurity in Africa

Cereal Yields t/ha

Source: FAOSTAT (2001)

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Fertilizer use per ha in sub-Saharan Africa is the

lowest in the world

Source: FAOSTAT, July 2003; Norman Borlaug, 2004

Why the green revolution bypassed Africa

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Technologies now exist to allow Africa to feed itself

High Yielding Cassava Varieties

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

The new gene revolution should not bypass Africa

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Tipping Point on Hunger in Africa: Malawi achieves food self sufficiency

2005/06: $50 Million subsidy with Government distribution

Maize green revolution:

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria is an untapped potential agricultural power house

165 Million people, projected to grow to 470 Million by 2050

Large Internal Markets

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of groundnuts

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by China, USA and Argentina

Our competitors maintained their

** Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of palm oil

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Malaysia

While Nigeria declined rapidly, the

** Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's stagnation in the world trade of cocoa

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Indonesia and Cote dIvoire

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

While Nigerias production stagnated,

*** Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigeria's lost glory in the world trade of cotton

Nigerias dominance was eclipsed by Mali and Burkina Faso

In 1961, Nigeria was the major West

**Doreo Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Need to raise agricultural productivity in Nigeria

Yield per Hectare is the driver of

Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Brazil Nigeria

Nigeria's yield per hectare is 20% to

Nigeria has one of the lowest usage

Indonesia lowest in 1961

Nigeria ranks at the bottom on

* Doreos Analysis, FAO

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Nigerias food imports are growing at an

Relying on the import of expensive food on

Excessive imports putting high pressure on

Nigeria is importing what it can produce in