FORM 5 2.

CHAPTER 2:ELECTRICITY

[ ../ 25 x 100 = .% ]

Electric fields and charge flow

A student is able to : describe an electric field. sketch electric field lines showing the direction of the field. state the relationship between electric charge and electric current. define an electric current 1. 2. An electric field exists in the space surrounding a _____________ body. Draw the patterns of electric field lines of the charges below: (a) (b)

(c)

(d)

3. 4.

Like charges ___________ each other , unlike charges __________each other. An electric current is defined as ______________________________________

Electric current, I =

Ch arg e, Q Time, t

(Q measured in ___________, C)

5.

Electric current is measured with an ______________ in SI unit _____________

Exercise
1. A charge of 30 coulombs flows through a bulb in1 minute. What is the current flowing in the bulb? 4. 1000 C of charges to flow through the lamp? A fuse wire will burn if a current of 13A flows through it for 100ms. Determine (a) the quantity of charge that flows through the fuse wire.

2.

A car battery can supply a current of 4A for 5s. What is the amount of charge stored in the battery?

3.

A current of 2.0A flows through a lamp. How long does it take for

(b) the number of electrons that flow through the fuse wire if the charge on 1 electron is 1.6x10-19C.

5.

Draw the symbols of these electrical items. Cells

ammeter voltmeter connecting wire resistor

Switch : open : closed bulb

rheostat 2.2 The relationship between electric current and potential difference [ /30 x 100 = . % ] A student is able to : define potential difference. describe the relationship between current and potential difference. state Ohms Law define resistance explain factors that affect resistance solve problems involving potential difference, current and resistance.

1.

The _________________V, between two points in a circuit is defined as the _______________W, in moving _______________ of charge from one point to the other point. It is measured with a ______________ in SI unit _________ V

2.

Sketch a graph to show the relationship between potential difference ,V and current, I for a resistor that obeys Ohms law.

3.

State the Ohms law. Ohms law state that the __________ that passes through an ohmic conductor is _____________________________ to the ____________________ applied across it if the ___________________ and other physical conditions are constant. By Ohms law,

V = constant I
4.

V I ,

[ known as the resistance ]

The ___________________ of a conductor is defined as the ratio of the potential difference,V, across the conductor to the current, I, flowing through the conductor.

R= 5.

V I

In the table below, write down the relevant hypothesis for each of the experiments to investigate the factors affecting the resistance, R of the conductor.

Factors the conductorThe of the conductorThe type of material The cross-sectional temperature of area of the conductor, l Length of the

Diagram

Hypothesis The resistance,R is _______________________ to the length of the conductor

Graph

The resistance,R is _______________________ to the cross-sectional area of the conductor

Different conductors with the same physical conditions have different resistance

The higher the temperature of the conductor, the higher the _________________

6.

What are the factors affecting the resistance of a conductor? a) b) c) d) _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

Exercise 1. In the diagrams below, determine the values for V, I and R.

V=? 9V

(a)

(b)

1.5A 6

A 6

I=?

I=____ R=____ V= = =

R=____ V=____ I=

(c)

12V

(d)

240V

3mA R=?

A 2k

I=?

I= ___ V= ___ R=

R=____ V=_____ I=

2.3

Series and parallel circuits A students is able to :

[../ 33 x 100 = ..% ]

identify series and parallel circuits. compare the current and potential difference of series circuits and parallel circuits. determine the effective resistance of resistors connected in series. determine the effective resistance of resistors connected in parallel. solve problems involving current, potential difference and resistance in series circuit, parallel circuits and their combinations.

1.

Match the circuits below

Parallel circuit

Series circuit

2. Series circuit 1. 2. 3. Parallel circuit 1. 2. 3.

I = I 1 = I 2 = I 3 = ..... V = V1 + V2 + V3 + .... R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ....

I = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + ..... V = V1 = V2 = V3 = ..... 1 1 1 1 = + + + .... R R1 R2 R3

4. Has only ____path for the current to flow. 5. The current is the ______ throughout the circuit. 6. The component with the largest resistance has the _________- potential difference across it. 7. ___ current flows when the switch is

4. Has __________ path for the current to flow 5. The current is different at __________ points. 6. The potential different across all the components is the _________ 7. Current stops only in the branch that is

open.

3.

open. Current __________ to flow in other branches. Determine the total effective resistance between point X and Y.

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer Answer

Answer Answer Answer

Finally

4. In the circuits below, determine the reading of the ammeter marked by ?

(a)

(b) ____

(c) _____

(d) _________

(e) _______ (f) _______ (g) _________ (h) _________

5. In the circuits below, determine the reading of the voltmeter marked by ?

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(a) ________

(b) __________

(c) _________

(d) _____________ 5.

(e) _______

(f) ______

A 8 resistor and a 12 resistor are connected in series. The current in the 8 resistor is 1.5A and the potential difference across it is 12V. What is the current and the potential difference across the 12 resistance?

6.

When two identical resistors are connected in parallel, the effective resistance is 3. What is the effective resistance if the two resistors are connected in series?

2.4

Electromotive force and internal resistance

[ / 15 X 100% = ..]

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A student is able to : Define electromotive force (e.m.f.). Explain internal resistance. Determine e.m.f. and internal resistance. Solve problems involving e.m.f. and internal resistance

1.

What is meant by the electromotive force (e.m.f.)?

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) is defined as the ___________ by a source in driving _________________ of charge through the a complete circuit. What is meant by the internal resistance (r) of a cell? The internal resistance, r, is the ________________________ a cell 3. Calculate the amount of e.m.f in circuit below.

Answer E= E=

Answer

Answer E= E=

Answer

4.

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The equation for the graph above is given by : V = -r I + E

V= potential difference r= internal resistance E= e.m.f. of cell I = Current

From the graph obtain the value of e.m.f, E and the internal resistance, r. E= r=

5.

A dry cell has an electromotive force, e.m.f. of 3.0 V and internal resistance, r of 0.5 is connected in series with a resistor, R . If a current of 0.4 A flows through the circuit, calculate (a) the potential difference across the resistor R

(b) resistance R

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6.

A dry cell with an internal resistance of 2.0 is connected to a bulb. The potential difference across the bulb is 2.4V when the current flow is 0.3A. Determine the e.m.f of the dry cell.

7.

A cell of e.m.f 12V and internal resistance r is connected to a bulb with resistance 2 . The current in the circuit is 5A. What is the internal resistance of the cell?

2.5

Electrical energy and power

[/ 17 x 100 = ..% ]

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A student is able to : Define electrical energy Define electric power Solve problems involving electrical energy and power

1.

______________________, E, is released when electric charges flow through any two points in an electric circuit. Electrical energy, E, is measured in __________. One ________ of electrical energy is released when ________________ of electric charge flows through a potential difference of ________________ Electrical energy, E = V Q E = _________ V, potential difference Q, number of charges [ substitute Q= It ]

2.

= __________ [ substitute V= IR]

3.

_______________ is defined as the rate of energy dissipated or transferred. SI unit for power is ___________. Hence, Power = timetaken

= VI energyoutput x 100% energyinput power........... x 100% power..........

4.

Efficiency = =

Exercise

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1.

The current in a toy car is 7.0A and the voltage of the battery is 3.0V. Find the power delivered to the motor and energy dissipated in the motor in 6.5 minutes of operation.

2.

A 40W fluorescent lamp transfer 60% of the electrical energy to light energy. How much light energy does it emit in two minutes.

3.

An electric kettle with a power of 2kW is used for 10 minutes, three times a day. If the cost of electricity is 25 cent per unit, what is the cost of operating the kettle for 30 days?

7.

A motor which is connected to a 120V DC voltage source produces 320W of mechanical power. The current from the voltage source is 3.0A. (a) What is the input power of the motor?

(b) What is the efficiency of the motor?

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