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Nicole Billman Adam Padgett English 1101 31 October 2012 Annotated Bibliography Topic: Learned Behaviors Through Recreational

Activities Proposed thesis: Requiring children to participate in strict recreational activities at a young age will help them show more respect as teenagers and eventually as adults. Buse, Reuben C. and Enosh, Nava. Youth Experience: Effect on Participation in Recreational Activities. Land Economics , Vol. 53, No. 4 (Nov., 1977), pp. 468-482. Published by: University of Wisconsin Press. Although this article is very outdated and may cause it to have little credibility, the authors, Reuben C. Buse and Nava Enosh, present a logical hypothesis. Their hypothesis is proposed in the third paragraph and states that participating in recreational activities when children are in a young age is an important factor in determining whether they will continue to engage themselves in the same activities at an older age. Buse and Enosh also explore the idea that recreational activities play a key role in shaping and molding certain skills in the formative years as well as providing help when looking at how an individuals personality, interests, and behavior patterns are laid down. Buse and Enosh admit that the research on their hypothesis is very little, and it does not provide a yes or no answer but at the same time reassure their audience that they all agree that earlier experiences influence the development of behavior systems and vocational interests, once established, remain stable. To help their audience better understand Buse and Enosh created a couple basic models showing how youth experience and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of engaging themselves in recreational activities has

direct effects on the behavior that is established as a child. Overall, both Buse and Enosh deliver evidence that supports their hypothesis well. I agree with their argument as far as needing to partake in recreational activities as a child goes but I believe children need to show a certain amount of interest in the activity to be able to say that they will continue to be involved in the same activity as an adult. However I fully agree with their statement about how behavior patterns and skills that adults have are directly connected to early participation in recreational activities as a child. Eacott, Madeline J., Easton, Alexander Remembering the future: The influence of past experience on future behavior, Learning and Motivation, Volume 43, Issue 4, November 2012, Pages 167-168, ISSN 0023-9690, 10.1016/j.lmot.2012.05.003. At a discussion meeting in early 2011, a concept of Remembering the future is posed to the attendees of the meeting. In this paper Eacott and Easton continue to expound upon this particular idea by explaining the meaning of the statement as the notion that both episodic memory for past experience and thinking about future personal events form a continuum in both humans and non-humans such as animals. They simply define this as mental time travel. Eacott and Easton warn their audience at this meeting that creating this relationship between past experience and future thinking may not be as simple as it seems. For example, previous natural disasters can greatly affect how one goes about their day in the future as if they are preparing for the same natural disaster to happen. The aim of this issue or idea is to bring together a range of approaches and gain more knowledge about the way these individuals that have been pooled learn from their memories and past experiences. Eacott and Easton then hope it will enable psychologists to establish a connection between allowing past experience to influence future scientific investigation. This idea about mental time travel sounds a little fishy but with clear

explanation I came to an agreement that previous experiences do in fact influence people to go about their day as if they are preparing for the same event to happen. I believe that this can also be true with the idea that experiences in recreational activities influence the way teenagers exhibit certain behaviors learned when they were younger. Howard, David K., and Lorraine C. Peniston. The Role of Recreation in Preventing Youth With Behavioral and Cognitive Disabilities From Coming Into Contact With the Juvenile Justice System and Preventing Recidivism. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research, Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice, 2002. Print. In the introduction of this monograph, Howard and Peniston establish an understanding for their audience that there are numerous causes as to why youth come into contact with the juvenile system and they focus on exploring the role of recreation as a preventative and treatment device that can assist youth in developing and maintaining a satisfying leisure lifestyle. Howard and Peniston stress the fact that exclusion from recreational activities could be detrimental to the way a childs personality and attitude is developed. Coaches, teachers, recreational personnel, and business people should encourage all children to participate in contact sports because whether they believe so or not, the rules and regulations that children have to follow while playing, give them structure later on in life. Some limitations of how recreational activities can impact the youth include Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and issues with money availability. Youth with disabilities tend to drop out school and are more involved in criminal activities when they are not participating in some sort of extracurricular activity. Of course we have to understand that this is not the only reason for a high rate of juvenile containment. Howard and Penistons research shows that cognitive and emotional problems also impede on having a successful childhood. Some of the research that Howard and Peniston present seems to suggest that being involved in recreational activities is the only

way to determine whether or not a child will come into contact with the juvenile system. I disagree with this but I do believe that it is a huge factor. Richter, S. M. (2008). Effects of multimedia social stories on knowledge of adult outcomes and opportunities among transition-aged youth with significant cognitive disabilities. The University of North Carolina at Charlotte). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 182. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/276244492?accountid=14605. (276244492) Ritchers focus in his journal is how self-determined students with disabilities are more likely to be linked to meaningful contribution in skill related activities than students without disabilities who do not engross themselves in recreational activities. The way Ritcher was able to come to this conclusion was during a Multimedia Social Stories intervention. Ritcher says that adult life includes a variety of essential experiences, including living, working, playing, and learning and that there has been a low rate of meaningful participation in each of these areas so he choose three students to present their knowledge about adult outcomes of children who had a good amount of experience in the four essentials mentioned. The research showed that these three students exhibited improved skills and obtained mastery in generalizing skills from being involved in recreational activities. I agree with the statements Ritcher makes but the research he does to support his thesis is not very credible. Three students does not seem to be a large enough pool of people to make such an assumption about children with disabilities. Clements, Rhonda L, and Leah Fiorentino. The Child's Right to Play: A Global Approach. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2004. Print In Clements and Fiorentinos book The Childs Right to Play, they promote the idea that every child should experience the joy and developmental benefits that come from children simply being able to play. The very first sentence of their book is Play exists at the very heart of childhood. Ultimately it is the key building block for the way a child

learns about himself or herself and the world surrounding them. They also ensure that their audience understands their deep commitment to the belief of education through play and how previous experiences help children to grow. I completely agree with this idea that Clements and Fiorentino explicates throughout their book. Interaction with other kids teaches each child how to work well with others and respect those around them. This learned behavior certainly continues to follow them on their journey through childhood to adulthood.

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