SydneyCarroll Period3 11/7/12

Ionic Vs Covalent Lab Investigation

Introduction:
Atoms are not found by themselves, but they are bonded into atoms that form ionic and covalent bonds. Most atoms form chemical bonds in order to maintain a full octect to reach stability. Electrons are transferred from metals to non-metals in Ionic Bonds. During this bonding, metals become positive cations while the non-metals become negative anions. Covalent bonds are shared and does not conduct electricity, or consist of non-metals.

Hypothesis:

Table 1: The expected results of testing five different chemicals

Compoundsto Chemical beTested Formula Hypothesis1: Ionicor Covalent Covalent Hypothesis2: HighorLow MeltingPoint? Low Hypothesis3: Willitconduct electricity? No

Distilled h2o (Pure)water Sodium NACI Ionic High OnlyInwater chloride Sucrose C12H22o11 Covalent Low No (sugar) Dextrose C6H12o6 Covalent Low No Sodium NaSO4 Ionic High Onlyinwater Sulfate Procedures: PartI.MeltingPointandStrengthsofBonds 1.FoldAluminumfoilintoasquarethatwillneatlyfitontheringstand.Placea smallsampleofeachofthe4differentcompounds.Becarefulnottomixthemup& keeptrackofthem. 2.CarefullyplacethetryontheringstandandheatwiththeBunsenBurner(No longerthan12min)

` 3.IMMIDIATELYBEGINRECORDINGYOURDETAILEDOBESERVATIONS.Keeptrack oftheorderinwhichthesamplemelt. 4.Allowthesquareofthefoiltocoolandthenwashitoffintothesink PartII.ElectricConductivity 1. Weighabout0.1gramsampleofeachcompoundindifferentwellsofawell plate(makesuretoZEROthewellplateonthebalnce) 2. Testthedrycompoundforconductivitywiththetestser.Recordyour observations 3. Addenoughdropsofdistilledwatertothewelltodissolvethecompoundas bestasyoucan. 4. Testthesolutionforconductivity.Thenrecordyourobservations.Makesure towashtheconductivitytesterwithdistlledwateraftereveryuse! 5. Repeatforallofthesamples.

Results:
Chemical Fromula

Table2:TheResultsofTesting5differentChemicals
PartI: MeltingPoint (15;High,Med. OrLow) 1=lowest: (alreadymelted) 3 3 2 4 PartII: Conducted Electricity?(Yes/No) Dry Dissolve N/A No No No No No Yes No No Yes FinalConclusions IonicorCovalent Bonds? covalent Ionic covalent covalent Ionic

1.Distelled (pure)water 2.sodium chloride/NACI 3.Sucrose(Sugar) /C6H12O11 4.Dextrose/ C6H12O6 5.SdiumSulfate/ NaSO6

Conclusion:
SodiumandSodiumSulfateareioniccompounds,whilesucroseanddextroseare covalentcompounds.Theinitialcompoundsrecorrectbutbondingsodiumand sodiumchloridechanges.Ioniccompoundsconductelectricityinwater,andhave highmeltingpoints.Covalentcompoundsdonotconductelectricityinwater,and havelowmeltingpoints.Ionicbondsareformedfrommetalcationsandnegative

` anions.Whentheymoveanddissolveinwater,electricitycanflowthroughthe solution.However,ionicbondsareextremelystrongandhavehighmeltingpoints.