Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
NMR spectrum:
An NMR spectrum is a graph of magnetic field strength
absorbed by hydrogen atom (carbon atom also possible) of a given
compound at given frequency. The field strength is marked as parts
per million (ppm) increases from left to right.
Chemical Shift
Chemical shift is the difference in the resonance frequency of the
hydrogen in the sample and resonance frequency of reference
compound such as tetramethylsilane.
Areas under the peak are in the same ratio as the ratio of
number of hydrogen atom causing each peak. NMR spectrometers
have a device which draws another line on the spectrum called an
integrator trace (or integration trace). You can measure the relative
areas from this trace. Height of integrated curve is proportional Area
under the peak. The greater height of the peak does not mean greater
area under the peak but greater height of integrated curve mean
greater area under the peak.
Electron Shielding
Electron shielding phenomenon as already discussed is the
reduction of external magnetic field due magnetic effect of electron
surrounding the nucleus. The resonance magnetic field strength
increases to cause spin flip due to shielding effect. Thus there is a
lateral shift of the peak on the NMR spectrum.
________________________________________________________________________