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Theorem: If two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then the
corresponding chords are equal.
Given: Two congruent circles C (O, r ) and C (O ' , r ) in which arc AB = arc CD.
To prove: AB=CD
OA = O 'C = r
OB = O ' D = r
Therefore AB = CD (cpctc)
Given: Two congruent circles C (O, r ) and C (O ' , r ) in which chord AB = chord CD
Construction: Suppose that AB and CD are not diameters. Join OA, OB, O 'C and
O' D .
OA = O 'C = r
OB = O ' D = r
or arc AB ≅ arc CD
Theorem: The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the
chord.
To prove: AM=BM
Given: AB is a chord of the circle with centre O and D is the mid point that is
AD=DB
To prove: OD ⊥ AB
AD=DB (Given)
or 2∠ODA = 180o
180o
or ∠ODA = = 90o
2
Therefore OD ⊥ AB
Corollary
Thus, we find that OM and O ' M are on one line and ON and O ' N are one line.
Since two intersecting straight lines can intersect at only one point, therefore
O ' must coincides with O. Hence, the perpendicular bisectors of AB and CD
intersect at the centre of the circle. If they intersect at the centre, it proves that a
perpendicular bisector of the chord of a circle passes through the centre of the
circle.
Theorem: There is one and only one circle passing through three non-collinear
points.
To prove: There is one and only one circle passing through the points A, B and C.
Therefore OA = OB = OC = r (suppose)
Thus, if we draw a circle with O as the centre and r as the radius, then the circle
will pass through A, B and C.
Since two lines cannot intersect in more than one point, therefore, the
perpendicular bisector PQ and RS cannot intersect in more than one point.
Hence, their point of intersection, O, is unique. Hence, there is one and only one
circle passing through three non-collinear points A, B and C.
Theorem 6: Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from
the centre (or corresponding centers)
1 1
AM = AB, CN = CD and AB=CD
2 2
Therefore OM = ON
1 1
AM = AB, CN = CD
2 2
Since AB = CD,
(each = 90o )
Therefore AM = CN , ∠OMA = ∠O NC '
(1) Given: AB and CD are the chords of congruent circles C ( O, r ) and C ( O ' , r )
and OE ⊥ AB, O ' F ⊥ CD such that OE = O ' F
To prove: OE = O ' F
Proof:
1 1
AE=CF ( Since AE = AB and CF = CD and AB=CD)
2 2
(2) Given: A circle whose centre is O. AB and CD are two chords OP ⊥ AB and
OQ ⊥ CD .
To prove: AB=CD
OP = OQ (Given)
Therefore AP = CQ (cpctc)
1
But AP = AB ( Since OP ⊥ AB and CQ ⊥ CD
2
1
and CQ = CD
2
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