Introduction

In the flooding crisis engineer holds important responsible to make sure the safety of the citizen. Also their rules needed in the controlling the flood. First of all the engineer rules apply before the flooding. Engineer needed to construct and maintaining the building structures, construct new dams and maintains the existing one, do the analysis and etc. During the flooding engineers are needed to find a solution how to minimize the damage. Next, find the way to reduce amount of water during flooding. After the flooding the engineers needed to think of the solution to avoid another flooding strike. Then, design the equipment to clean up the mess. Engineers are also needed in the created the prevention to avoid the flooding and more damage. Then, engineers needed to solve the hydrology calculation, take part in wetland and river bank conservation, determine the floodway and also mapping the flood hazard zones.

Engineer rules
Before flooding; 1. Construct and maintain the structure of house and building in the area where the flooding always happened to protect people property. The engineer should think how to make a strong structure of house/building to face the flooding and save from damage or effect of the flooding.

2. Construction of new dams, maintain an inventory of existing dams that meet minimum size criteria and periodically inspect certain dams. This construction of dams should be strong enough and theres must have controller that control the amount of dams to make sure the water from the dams will maintain and not exceed the sufficient of water inside the dams.

3. Before flooding happened, engineer will do an analysis to find the location on the flood maps where flooding always happened and make a system where this system will produce a sound which is alarm that can warn people when the water from river is increase more than maximum standard of water. So, people will alert and ready to face a flooding.

4. The creation of flood plains and winding streams are two of the best ways to hinder the accumulation of water by providing a route for the drainage of water. Also, the protection of wetlands helps to maintain a natural drainage system to provide a place for the excess water to gather. Such devices allow the water to evaporate before it can accumulate, creating flooding conditions.

During flooding; 1. If flooding still happened, engineer should generate the solution how to minimize the flood damage during flooding. During flooding, people will panic and dont know what to do, so as engineer, were should thinking faster how to save people and people property from effected by flooding. For example, engineer should prevent the water from inside into house or building by put some heavy thing as boundary. Picture below shows the example for sand bag as boundary:

2. Then, engineer should ready to dry up the water from the house/building and find a way how to reduce the amount of water. For example, the engineer should prepare a machine or equipment that can suck the amount of water faster and transfer it to the area less of water or at the specific place that already prepared. Picture below shows drainage pump where used to dry the drain:

After flooding; 1. When flooding is stop, engineer must think a new system that can prevent flooding happened again by make an analysis where they should make an improvement on the old system that failed to prevent flooding from happened.

2. Engineer should design equipment that can help cleaning and fixed up the damage from the flooding. Then, they also must clean up the drain from rubbish that left behind effect of the flooding. Clean drain is important to make sure that water can flow without any problem and prevent water from stagnant. When water is stagnant it can caused flooding. Thats the reason why engineer needed to construct a good drain system.

Creating prevention 1. Iwabuchi Floodgate

Based on the technology created by Japanese architect, Akira Aoyama, Iwabuchi Floodgate, or Akasuimon (Red Sluice Gate), being built in order to prevent flood. This gate has protected lowlands in Kita section of Tokyo. As a reference, this type of gate cans also being adapted to Malaysians prevention design for preventing flood. Iwabuchi Floodgate used automated "aqua-drive" motors power based on water pressure. The pressure creates a force that opens and closes the gates as needed. Aqua-drive motors don't use electricity, so they aren't affected by power failures that can occur during storms. This gate can be built in Malaysia as Malaysia also has a big portion of rivers and seas like Japan.

2. Thames Barrier

Created in order to prevent flood in England, a movable flood barrier is developed along the Thames River. Consist of hollow steel, the gate of Thames Barrier are normally left open so that, ship can pass through. When needed, the gate will be shut to stop water flowing through as well as keep the level of the Thames River safe. This kind of application is also useful to prevent flood in Malaysia. For example, similar flood barriers build in most big rivers in Malaysia. When there is heavy rain, the gate of the barrier will be shut and the water levels of the river will be keeping at safe.

3. Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier

Regard as one of the largest moving structures on Earth, the Maeslantkering, or Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier, also built to prevent flood. It operating system works when water rises. The rising water will fills tanks along the barrier as a result of closing of the computerized walls. The weight of water will pushes the walls firmly down and cause the water from passing through. For application in Malaysia, this structure will cause a lot of costing. In order to used it at minimize cost, this structure can either being built in smaller size or using another materials for construction.

Engineers need to done all below in order to reduce and decreasing the flooding. Hydrology calculation To predict rainfall and find the stream flow result which means they need to determine the physical characteristics of the drainage in terms of area, slope, shape, type of soils and the development increases. This calculation involving the slope, main channel dimensions, overbank dimensions and the development on the overbank, roughness and obstructions. The calculations also determine the height of the flood waters or called base flood elevation (BFE)

Mapping the flood hazard zones This mapping will be made once the BFE calculated and the waterway was survey. Example of mapping:

Determining the floodway This analysis performed after the flood hazard zone during the base flood is determined. This is to define the flood zone that includes the main channel and the overbanks.

Wetland and river bank conservation Wetland is the storage of flood water and functioning as slow down the flooding. Wetland is the nature prevention to reduce the flood and less in cost. More wetlands less flooding: Flood protection strategy comprehensive is important by wetland restorative and preservative component. Increasing the quantity of this wetland will decreasing the flooding from occurs. This wetland also important to be protect because this is the nature way to reduce the consequences of floods.

Figure 1 This diagram indicates that wetlands reduce peak stormwater flows. (source: Kusler 1983)

Conclusion
For the conclusion engineers are needed throughout all the process during the flooding strike. Before the flooding they need to construct and keep the structure of the building around the flooding area intact, construct new dams and keep the existing dams in good conditions, make an analysis about all the location that often face flooding. Then during the flooding the engineers needed to generate and comes out with ideas how to minimize the flood damage throughout the flooding, find the solution how to reduce the amount of water from the flooding. Next, after the flooding engineers rules are in the design of a new system to avoid the flooding again and design the equipment to clean up the messes causes by the flooding. Engineers are also needed in the creation the prevention such as built up the floodgate and flood barrier.

References
Wetlands protecting life and property from flooding, http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/pdf/Flooding.pdf The engineers role in flood plain determination, http://suite101.com/article/theengineers-role-in-flood-plain-determination-a127562. Iwabuchi Floodgate http://architecture.about.com/od/damsresevoirs/ss/floodcontrol_2.htm?p=1 Thames Barriers http://architecture.about.com/od/damsresevoirs/ss/floodcontrol_3.htm?p=1 Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier http://architecture.about.com/od/damsresevoirs/ss/floodcontrol_5.htm?p=1