Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

Introduction
According to Abbas Salim (1993), Transportation is the activity of moving goods transport (cargo) and passengers from one place to another. Where in the transport, there are two important elements are: Displacement / movement. Physically the place of goods (commodities) and passenger to another. In transport, there are two important categories: Removal of materials and products by using the means of conveyance and Transporting passengers from one place to another. The same is expressed by Rustian Kamaludin (1986), that the transport is carrying goods or carrying something from one place to another or in other words that is a displacement movement of goods or people from one place to another. Facilities of transportation area very important and strategic in improving the economy streng then unity and affect all a spects of life of the nation and the state. The importance of transportation is reflected in the increasing demand for transportation services for the mobility of people and goods from all over the country, and even from abroad. Besides, it also serves as a support transportation, driving and driver for regional growth potential but not yet developing, in an effort to increase and equitable development. Students in ABFI Institute Perbanas desperately need transport to go to college. Many students Perbanas use public transportation, motorcycles, cars and other modes of transportation as to and from collage. Of course they choose the mode of transport which they use based on several reasons. In fact each mode of transportation has advantages and disadvantages but because of the importance of transportation for students, so students will inevitably choose one mode of transportation which they use to go to college. They can choose between public transportation or private transportation.

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to analyze 20 students in ABFI Institute Perbanas whether they prefer to use the public transportation or private transportation as their mode transportation. In this report, we will focus on the five topics: The mode of transportation, The reason students choose their mode transportation, The best choice between public transportation and private transportation, The fare of public and private transportation, and The advantages and disadvantages of public and private transportation.

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

We will not discuss the kind of public transportation and private transportation, and the facilities for public and private transportation.

Assumption
Our information is based on the assumption that many students in ABFI Institute Perbanas choose the private transportation as their mode transportation because they can arrive at college more quickly.

Methods
Our information for this report comes from library and online sources, interviews with Miss Parking Staff interviews with Miss Parking Staff and a survey of 20 ABFI Institute Perbanas students, using a convenience sample. We surveyed students during the free time in the ABFI Institute Perbanas area on October 29th, 2012 until November 2nd, 2012. We walked around the ABFI Institute Perbanas area and asked everyone if he or she would be willing to answer the survey, until We had 20 respondents.

Limitations
Our research has four limitations. First, because we used a convenience survey, we cannot generalize from the people we surveyed to all ABFI Institute Perbanas students. Second, the timing of the survey was a limited. We only have one week to survey ABFI Institute Perbanas students. Third, some students no way to answer the questionnaires because they are lazy to answer the questionnaires with English language. Fourth, some interviewer error may have occurred. I was able to clarify questions for some students, but not all. I tried to be available to all students and answer all question, but my words were not always consistent. I also found that the wording on my last question was not clear enough and caused some confusion.

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

The Mode of Transpotation

On October 29th, 2012 until November 2nd, 2012, a survey was conducted among 20 students in ABFI Institute Perbanas. 12 students were female and 8 were male. The purpose of the survey was to analyze 20 students in ABFI Institute Perbanas whether they prefer to use the public transportation or private transportation as their mode transportation. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. There were five part question. The first part is the mode of transportation, the second is the reason students choose their mode transportation, number three is about the best choice between public

transportation and private transportation, number four is the fare of public and private transportation, and the last is the advantages and disadvantages of public and private transportation. The first part is about the mode of transportation. There are two transportation modes that exist in our country that is public transportation and private transportation. As a student who every day goes to college to study, of course students desperately need transportation for them to go to their college. So students will choose one of the private transportation or public transportation. By use their transportation modes, they can on time arrive to their college and their learning activitiesare not disturbed. According to http://en.wikipedia.com/mode_of_transport, Mode of transportation is a term used to distinguish substantially different ways to perform transport. The most dominant modes of transport are aviation, land transport, which includes rail, road and off-road transport, and ship transport. Other modes also exist, including pipe lines, cable transport, and space transport. Is it not easy to reach any definite conclusions based upon such a small sample of students. However, it is clear that transportation is very important for students in ABFI Institute Perbanas because they always doing their activities in different place and students who use private transportation more than use public transportation to go to their college. We can see on the graph below.

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

Figure 1 : The Mode of Transportation of Students

Private Transportation 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Private Transportation Public Transportation 40 60 Public Transportation

From the graph above, the most significant items are as follows. In the first part 100% of the students think that the transportation is important for them because they always doing their activities in different place. Students have the same reasons why the transportation is important for them, that are because they always doing their activities in the different place so they always go to anywhere. After that 60% use private transportation to go to their college and other students as much 40% use public transportation to go to their college.

The Reason Students Choose Their Mode of Transportation

Students certainly have some reasons why they choose private transportation or public

transportation as their mode of transportation to go to their college. The reason among others: they choose private transportation because by using private transportation more quickly arrive at their college. Students who use private transportation certainly do not need to follow the route of public transportation which through their college. Students can choose the path which would they use to be quickly arrive at college. In addition, by using private transportation can also save their money, because the cost of private transportation just to buy gasoline and at this time the price of gasoline is not too expensive. Besides using private transportation, students can also use the public transportation to go to their college. When choose public transportation as their mode of transportation, surely they also have a number of reasons, that is: by using public transportation they do not have to drive the vehicle so they do not feel tired when going to the college. Other than that they choose public transportation

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

because they do not have driving license (SIM). Our countries have a rule that every driver of a vehicle must have a driving license; if they do not have driving license will be ticketed by the police. So they prefer the public transportation than they feel worried when driving a vehicle because they do not have driving license and they will be ticketed by the police. According to Reistya (2012) people choose private transportation because the bad of mass transit system, and then the public transportation is not comfortable. A lot of public transportation which was considered less comfortable and the last is public transportation not safety. We hear a lot of rape cases in public transportation. Many people already know this one of the causes of increased crime due to poverty cases. The same expressed by Neni (2012), people choose private transportation is a short of journey, the availability of private transportation, and departure and arrival time is flexible. Mean while the reasons for choose public transportation is the availability of public transportation and the fare / cost is cheaper. If any conclusions their may be drawn from the data as follows. Students choose private

transportation as

mode of

transportation to go to college because by using private

transportation more quickly arrive at campus. And for students who choose public transportation because they cannot drive the vehicle. It shown on the pie chart below.
Figure 2 : The Reason Students Choose Private Transportation

Figure 3 :The Reason Students Choose Public Transportation

Can Not Drive More Quckly Arrive at Campus 67% Save Your Money

33%

Not Tired

Dont Have Driving License (SIM)

The main findings we are follows. More quickly arrive at campus was the most popular reason why students choose private transportation, chosen by 67%; this was followed by save their money, selected by 33%. Temporary, for students who choose public transportation, cannot drive is the most

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

popular reason, chosen by 63%. This was followed by not tired and do not have driving license (SIM), each selected by 12% and 25%.

The Best Choice Between Private Transportation And Public Transportation

Public Transportation is the best choice. Because we can sleep,

surely we who his house away would wake up early so as not to exposed to traffic jam in public transport we can close our eyes about 30 minutes 1 hour. And then, no stress, use a private vehicle we choose to think that way which is not exposed to traffic jam if we use public transport just sit looking for nice position. Number three is reduce anger, using a private transportation if our vehicle touched each another vehicle we will surely angry, if we take public transport and then hit another car we chill out. Number four is meet with new people. Everyday, passenger in public transport is different, if we want to acquainted with them means we get many friends. According to Fidel (2012), the citizens better using public transportation in the capital to achieve efficiency on the high way. Public transportation can reduce the number of vehicles on the high way. Currently road conditions, especially in Jakarta is no longer efficient because the number of vehicles very much. Is it not easy to reach any definite conclusions based upon such a small sample of students. Private transportation is the best choice for ABFI Institute Perbanas. Whereas this opinion is inversely proportional to our opinion. The reasons is the same with why students use private transportation to go to their college, that is because by using private transportation more quickly. In the other hand public transportation also the best choice because it can less the traffic jam. The graph below can help us to more understand.

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

7 Figure 5 :The Reason for The Best Choice

Comfortable Low Cost Not Tired Less Traffic Jam 43 33 22 14 7 7 7 Public Transportation More Quickly Efficient Safety Cheap 67

Figure 4 :The Best Choice

20

40

60

80

Private Transportation

Public Transportation

Private Transportation

From the graph above, the most significant items are as follows. Private transportation chosen by 70% of respondents. Whereas for public transportation chosen by 30% of respondents. Students have some reasons why the private transportation is better than public transportation. It is 43% choose more quickly, 22% because comfortable, 14% because low cost and followed by efficient, not tired, and safety, each choosen by 7% of respondents. On the contrary students who choose public transportation is better also have some reasons. It is by using public transportation can less traffic jam as much as 33% and cheap 67%.

The Cost of Private Transportation and Public Transportation

The cost of public transportation includes cheap, because the cost of public transportation around Rp. 2000 to Rp. 5000. With low cost students can enjoy a quite far and do not feel tired because they just sit and wait until they arrive at their destination. Whereas for the cost for private transportation, that is the parking cost. Especially in ABFI Institute Perbanas includes expensive than other college which the cost of parking still under Rp. 2000 for to unlimited in one day. So the students objected to the expensive parking cost. The cost for public transportation, According to Fidel (2012) cost to use public transportation is cheap, especially in Jakarta because the average public transport cost in Jakarta around Rp. 2000 for one-time to trip. According to Nurul, a staff of miss parking in ABFI Institute Perbanas the cost for private transportation in Perbanas is quite cheap, because students just need to pay Rp.2000 for a

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

full day. if students want to go for a while to leave ABFI Institute Perbanas, and then they come back on the same day, they do not have topay back the cost, but before students go out they have to told officers that they just go away for a while and will be back again on the same day. There is a difference of opinion between students and staff of miss parking in Perbanas. According to the student cost for private transportation in ABFI Institute Perbanas is quite expensive because they have performed a comparison with other campuses where the cost for private transportation at the other college cheaper than in ABFI Institute Perbanas. In conclusion, we know that the cost of public transportation is cheap, whereas the cost for private transportation especially in ABFI Institute Perbanas is expensive. We can know from the picture below.

Figure 6 : The Cost of Transportation

100% 80% Expensive 60% 40% Cheap 20% 0% Private Transportation Public Transportation 35 65 65 35

From the picture above, the most significant items are as follows. There are 65% of students think the cost for public transportation is cheap and the rest think expensive that is 35%. In other hand 65% students think the cost for private transportation especially in ABFI Institute Perbanas is expensive. And 35% students think it is cheap.

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private and Public Transportation

The advantages of public transportation are the cost is cheap, we can sleep because we unnecessary to drive. In addition by using public transportation we feel not tired. Whereas the disadvantages of public transportation is so hot because we must crammed with other people so we feel discomfortable. Moreover public transportation is very danger because variety of people we will meet there. And public transportation also struck in traffic jams so it is very wasting time. On the other hand private transportation also have many advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of private transportation are comfortable for owner. Furthermore the private transportation is more quickly, easy going because we can drive it anywhere. And then private transportation is punctual. While the disadvantages of private transportation are expensive and tired. Both public and private transportation have several advantages, but they also have their own short comings too. The main advantage of public transport is that benefits the environment. A train or bus can carry far more people than a single car, using only one tank of gas / energy source in the process. Lots of trains and trams run on electricity which reduces the effect of carbon emissions even further. Until the electric car becomes more common, public transport will always be the greener option. You also do not have to worry about finding a place to park, or filling up with gas, as you would if you were in your own vehicle. On the other hand, the advantage of taking your own car is that you will never have to wait for your train, tram or bus or share your travelling experience with members of the general public. Another advantage of public transport is that it decreases the level of traffic on our highways making journey times quicker and the roads less crowded. Because of this, the possibility of an accident occurring is lessened, thus making public transport an overall safer option. The main advantages of private transport are that it allows you to travel at your own convenience. You are not held to the constraints of scheduling, or the necessity to interrupt your journey with extra 'stops'; you can travel how you want, where you want, when you want, with who you want, while carrying and using what you want. However, using private transport is far more costly than its public counter part. Not only do you have to continually fill your tank with gas, but you also have to pay the tax, insurance and maintenance of your vehicle, not to mention the purchase price itself. (Munawar,2012)

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Based on our survey, we know that the advantages of public transportation is not tired and private transportation is more quickly. On other hand , the disadvantages of public transportation is traffic jam and for private transportation is tired. We can see from the chart below.

Figure 7 : Public Transportation

Wasting Time Traffic Jam Danger Crowded Expensive Discomfortable Hot Not Drive Not Tired Can Sleep Cheap The advantages The Disadvantages

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Figure 8 : The Advantages of Private Transportation

Comfortable Cheap More Quickly Easy Going Punctual

Figure 9 : The Disadvantages of Private Transportation

Expensive Tired

From the chart above. Not tired was the most popular advantages of private transportation, chosen by 40%; this was followed by cheap, selected by 25%. After that, 20% of respondents think the advantages of public transportation is they unnecessary to drive and the last is, they can sleep in public transportation, 15% of respondents think it. From the table of the data, the most significant items are as follows. The disadvantages of public transportation is traffic jam, chosen by 20% of respondents. This was followed by expensive, crowded, danger, and wasting time, each

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

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selected by 15% of respondents. And this was also followed by hot and discomfortable, each selected by 10% of respondents. From the chart above, the most popular advantages of public transportation is more quickly by 30% of respondents. After that 25% think comfortable, 20% think cheap, 15% think the advantages is easy going. And the last is punctual, 10% of respondents think it. Whereas for the disadvantages of private transportation is expensive and tired, each selected by 45% and 55% of respondents.

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Conclusions and Recommendations

Nowadays, transportation is very important for every body. Because every people certainly do activities at different places, not just in one place. There are two models of transportation, it is private transportation and public transportation. For students, especially in ABFI Institute Perbanas, they mostly use private transportation because more quickly arrive at their college. Public transportation actually better than private transportation because it can reduce congestion on the highway but for students ABFI Institute Perbanas they better use private transportation because more quickly arrive at college. Both private transportation and public transportation has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of public transportation not tired and private transportation is more quickly. The disadvantages of public transportation is traffic jam and for private transportation is tired. We recommend the students in ABFI Institute Perbanas to choose the public transportation as their mode of transportation because: 1. Use public transportation you not driving your own vehicle, you just need to sit down in public transportation and enjoy the journey. 2. Public transportation decreases the number of vehicle on a highway, so the traffic jam does not occur. 3. If the traffic jam occurs, you can sleep in public transportation until you arrive at your destination. 4. The cost of public transportation is cheap for a long journey 5. You will meet with new people every day. It is mean you get many new friends if you talking with them.

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References
Anoname (2009). Mode of transport. Retrieved November, 3 2012 from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transport. Anoname (2009). Private transportation. Retrieved October, 28 2012 from

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/private_transport. Anoname (2009). Public transport. Retrieved October, 28 2012 from

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_transport. Kamaludin, Rustian. 1986. Economic transportation. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Mito, Fidel. 2012.Transportation systems. Jakarta: Erlangga. Munawar, Ahmad. 2012. Basic of transportation techniques. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Neni (2012). Private transportation. Retrieved November, 1 2012 fromhttp://karya-

ilmiah.um.ac.id/index.php/TS/article/view/19545. Reistya (2012). A letter from Jakarta. Retrieved November, 1 2012 from

http://reistya90.blogspot.com/2012/10/. Salim, Abbas. 1993. Management transportation. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Tia (2011). Whats the meaning of private transportation. Retrieved October, 25 2012 from http://lifestyle.compasiana.com/urban/2011/09/22.

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Appendix A : Raw Survey Data N = 20 M = 8 (40%) F=12 (60%)

1. What do you think about transportation ? Is it important ? 20 (100%) 0 (0%) 20 (100%) Yes No Because They always doing their activities in different place

2. How do you go to college ? 12 (60%) 8 (40%) By private transportation By public transportation

3. If you choose private transportation, why ? 8 (67%) 4(33%) 0 (0%) More quickly arrive at campus Save your money Other

4. If you choose public transportation, why ? 5 (63%) 1 (12%) 2 (25%) 0 (0%) Can not drive Not tired Do not have Driving License (SIM) Other

5. According to you, which one is better ? 14 (70%) 6 (30%) Private Transportation Public Transportation

6. Base on the answer no. 5, give your reason ! Private Transportation ( N=14 ) 3 (22%) 6 (43%) 2 (14%) 1 (7%) 1 (7%) Comfortable More Quickly Low Cost Efficient Not Tired 1 (7%) Safety

Public Transportation ( N=6 ) 2 (33%) 4 (67%) Less Traffic Jam Cheap

Transportation : Private Transportation and Public Transportation

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7. What do you think about the fare of public transportation ? 13 (65%) 7 (35%) Cheap Expensive

8. What do you think about the fare for private transportation in Perbanas ? 7 (35%) 13 (65%) Cheap Expensive

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the public transportation ? The Advantages 5 (25%) 3 (15%) 8 (40%) 4 (20%) Cheap Can Sleep Not Tired Not Drive The Disadvantages 2 (10%) 2 (10%) 3 (15%) 3 (15%) 3 (15%) 4 (20%) 3 (15%) 10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the private transportation ? The Advantages 5 (25%) 4 (20%) 6 (30%) 3 (15%) 2 (10%) Comfortable Cheap More Quickly Easy Going Punctual The Disadvantages 9 (45%) 11 (55%) Expensive Tired Hot Discomfortable Expensive Crowded Danger Traffic Jam Wasting Time