THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER) YEAR 2012-2013

THIRD YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER)

SI.NO SUBJECT CODE COURSE TITLE PERIODS Conta ct Hours CRED ITS

L 1. 2. A 10EC314 10EC315 10EC345 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION DIGITAL COMMUNICATION ELECTIVE -3 MOBILE & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURE

T -

P 0 2 3 5 4 3 5 4

3 3 4

B C D E F A B C D 5. 6. 7.

10EC352 10EC330 10EC331 10EC361 10EC362 10EC341 10EC354 10EC332 10EC363 10-OE 10-HS302 10-MP302

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 0 19

0 -

2 4 8

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 27

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 24

NEURAL NETWORKS & FUZZY LOGIC MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING

HIGH SPEED NETWORKS ELECTIVE -4 RF SYSTEM DESIGN VLSI SUB SYSTEM DESIGN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING NETWORK SECURITY & CRYPTOGRAPHY ELECTIVE(INTERDISCIPLINE) COMMUNICATION & SOFT SKILLS-II MINI PROJECT TOTAL

10EC314 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)
L 3 T 0 P 0 UNIT 1 RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS Concept of vector potential, Modification for time varying, retarded case. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current element. Radiation resistance of elementary dipole with linear current distribution, Radiation from Half-wave Dipole & Quarter-wave Monopole, Radiation Fields, Near and Far fields. (9) UNIT II ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS & LOOP ANTENNAS Definitions: Radiation intensity, Directivity, Beam width, Gain and radiation resistance of current element, Half wave dipole and folded dipole, Main lobe, side lobe level, Null depth, Front to back Ratio, Figure of Merit, Polarization, Reciprocity Principle, Antenna efficiency, Effective length and Effective Area, Relation between gain, Effective length and Radiation Resistance, Relation between Effective Area and Directivity and related problems. (9) UNIT III ANTENNA ARRAYS AND ANTENNA TYPES Antenna Arrays: Expression for Electric field from two or three element Arrays, Uniform linear arrays BSA, EFA, Directivity of BSA, EFA, Related problems, Principle of Pattern multiplication, Binomial Arrays. Antenna Types: Yagi Uda Antenna, V and Rhombic Antennas, Turnstile antenna, Horn antenna, Slot antenna, Micro strip antenna. (9) UNIT IV REFLECTOR AND LENS ANTENNAS Focusing in paraboloid Reflectors Geometry, Uniform and tapered illumination, Types of feeds, Importance of F/D ratio, Cassegrain feed system, Focusing in a lens Antenna Dielectric lenses & metal plane Lens Antenna, Lumeberg lens, Plane Reflector, Corner reflector. (9) UNIT V WAVE PROPAGATION The three basic types of propagation; ground wave, space wave & sky wave propagation. Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for Ground wave Propagation, Summerfield analysis of Ground wave, Losses due to earth constants. Space wave propagation: Effect of curvature of an Ideal earth, Atmospheric effects in Spacewave propagation, Radio-Horizon, Duct Propagation, Maximum range of distance for LOS. Sky Wave Propagation: Structure of Ionospheric Propagation, Gyro frequency, Refraction and Reflection of sky waves by Ionosphere, Critical frequency, Skip distance, Maximum unable Frequency, Virtual height. TEXT BOOKS 1. C.A Balanis, Antenna Theory, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 2001. 2. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balamain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems. 2 nd ed., Pearson Education, 3. G S N Raju, Antenna and Wave Propagation, Pearson Education. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. K D Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Antennas & Wave Propagation, Tech India Publications, 2. John D Kraus, Antennas. 2nd ed., Mc Graw-Hill,1988 3. F.E.Terman , Radio Engineering, MC Graw Hill SIMULATION BOOK 1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis, Electromagnetic Waves and Antenna

10EC315 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (Prerequisite: Analog Communications)

L 3 T 0 P 2

UNIT-1 ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Model of Digital Communication Systems, Digital Representation of Analog Signal, Certain Issues in Digital Transmission, Advantages of Digital Communication Systems, Bandwidth-S/N Tradeoff, Hartley Shanon Law, Sampling Theorem PULSE MODULATION: Types of Pulse Modulation, Generation and Demodulation of PAM, PWM and PPM; TDM, FDM, comparison of pulse modulation techniques, Quantization Process, Pulse Code Modulation: Encoding, Regeneration Decoding, DELTA MODULATION: Its draw backs, Adaptive delta modulation, comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM system, Differential Pulse Code Modulation. (10) UNIT - II BASE BAND PULSE TRANSMISSION: Matched filter, Properties, Inter-symbol interference, Correlative level coding, Ideal Nyquist channel, Raised cosine spectrum, Duo binary signaling, Modified Duo binary signaling. (9) UNIT III OPTIMAL RECEPTION OF DIGITAL SIGNAL: Pulse Shaping for Optimum Transmissions, A Baseband Signal Receiver, Probability of Error, Optimum Receiver, Optimal of Coherent Reception, Signal Space Representation and Probability of Error, Eye Diagrams, Cross Talk. (9) UNIT-IV DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, M-ary PSK, ASK, FSK (8) UNIT-V DIGITAL PASSBAND TRANSMISSION: Introduction, Pass band transmission model, Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, Geometric interpretation of signals, Coherent detection of signals in noise, Probability of error, Correlation receiver, detection ,Coherent BPSK, QPSK, BFSK, Non Coherent BFSK, DPSK. (9) TEXT BOOK 1.Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition, 2001 REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Leon W Couch II, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Pearson, 2004 2. B.P Lathi, Modern Analog and Digital Communication, 3rd edition, Oxford Press. 3. John G. Proakis & Masoud Salehi, Communications System Engineering, 2 nd edition, Pearson education SIMULATION BOOK 1.Paul Tobin, Pspice for Digital Communications Engineering, Morgan & Clay Pool, 2007. 2.Cory L Clark, Labview Digital Signal Processing and Digital Communications, McGraw Hill.

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB PART A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. HARDWARE

Carrier modulation techniques. (ASK, PSK, FSK) Analog sampling and reconstruction techniques. Generation and detection of TDM. Generation and Detection of PCM Pulse modulation and demodulation techniques Delta Modulation and Demodulation. SIMULATION USING MATLAB 2011a/NI LABVIEW 2010/VisSim Comm

PART B

1. PCM with sampling, Uniform quantization & Uni-polar RZ encoding. 2. PCM with sampling, A - law encoding. 3. PCM with sampling, u -law encoding. 4. S/N for PCM u -law encoding. 5. Simulation of delta modulation. 6. Linear delta modulation for Sine wave. 7. Simulation of adaptive Delta modulation. 8. Simulation of sigma Delta modulation. 9. Simulation of PSK/FSK 10. Simulation of DPCM. Note: Five Experiments must be chosen from each Part SIMULATION BOOKS 1.Paul Tobin, Pspice for Digital Communications Engineering, Morgan & Clay Pool, 2007. 2.Cory L Clark, Labview Digital Signal Processing and Digital Communications, McGraw Hill. 3.John G. Proakis & Masoud Salehi, Contemporary Communications Systems using Matlab, PWS publishing.

10-MP302

MINI PROJECT
L 0 T 0 P 4

MOBILE & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION (Prerequisite: Digital Communications)

10EC345

L 4

T 0

P 0

UNIT I Introduction to Mobile Communication Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication, Examples of Wireless Communication Systems, Cellular telephone Systems. Modern wireless communications: 2G cellular, 3G wireless networks. Cellular concept: frequency reuse, Channel Assignment strategies, Hand off strategies, Interference and system capacity, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems. (9) UNIT II Mobile Radio Propagation Large Scale Fading: Free space propagation model: Three basic propagation mechanisms: Reflection, diffraction, scattering. Small Scale Fading: Multipath Propagation, Types of small scale fading, Parameters of Mobile Multipath channels, fading effects due to multipath delay Spread and Doppler spread, Statistical models for multipath fading channels. (9) UNIT III Receiver Modelling Equalization: Fundamentals of Equalizers, Linear equalizers, nonlinear equalizers, Decision feedback equalizers, MLSE, Algorithms for adaptive equalization. Diversity Techniques: Space diversity: MRC, EGC selection diversity, Polarization diversity, Frequency diversity, Time diversity, Rake receiver. (9) UNIT IV Wireless Systems and Standards Multiple Access Techniques: TDMA, FDMA, Spread Spectrum Techniques. GSM: Services, Features, Architecture, channel types, Frame Structure, CDMA Digital cellular Standards IS-95. (9) UNIT V OFDM for Wireless Communications Basic OFDM: FFT Implementation, Cyclic Extension, Power Spectrum, and Efficiency, Comparison with Single-Carrier, Design Example, Baseband versus Passband. Impairments of Wireless Channels to OFDM Signals: Time-Varying Impairments, Effect of Sampling Clock Offset, Effect of Timing Offset, Effect of Delay Spread, System Nonlinearity. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1.Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2003. 2.Ye (Geoffrey) Li, Gordon Stuber, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications, Springer, 2006 REFERENCE BOOKS 1. W. C. Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Communications, 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill, 1995. 2. Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, PHI, 2003 3. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005 4. Simon r. Saunders, Alejandro Aragon Zavala, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Son, 2007

10EC352

CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURE

L 4 T 0 P 0

(Prerequisite: Digital Logic Design)

UNIT I PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC: Read Only Memory (ROM), PROM, Programmable Logic Array (PLA)/Programmable Array Logic (PAL). Combinational circuit realization using ROM, PROM . (9). UNIT II CPLDs : Sequential PLDs. PGAs Features, Programming and applications using CPLDs,Altera series Max 5000/7000 Series and ALTERA FLEX Logic 10000 Series CPLDs. AMDs CPLD (Mach 1 to 5); (9) UNIT - III FPGAs: Logic blocks, routing architecture, Design flow, Technology Mapping for FPGAs, Case studies Xilinx XC4000 & ALTERAs FLEX 8000/10000 FPGAs (9) UNIT - IV DESIGN TECHNIQUES, RULES, AND VERIFICATION: Objectives, Hardware Description Languages, Top-Down Design, Synchronous Design, Floating Nodes, Bus Connection, Design for Test, and Testing Redundant Logic, What is Verification? Simulation, Static Timing Analysis, Assertion Languages & Formal Verification. (9) UNIT - V ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION TOOLS: Objectives, Simulation Software, Test Bench Generators, In situ Tools, Synthesis Software, Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG). Scan Insertion Software, Built-In Self-Test (BIST) Generators, Static Timing Analysis Software, Formal Verification Software, Place and Routing Software, Programming Tools. (9) TEXT BOOKS: 1.Michael D.Celetti Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL Prentice Hall. 2.Bob Zeidman Designing with FPGAs & CPLDs Focal Press, 2002 REFERENCE BOOKS: 1.Charles H.Roth Jr Digital System Design using VHDL Thomson, 2008 2.Stephen Brown Zvonko Vranesic Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design McGraw-Hill, 2008 3.Dueck Digital Design with CPLD Applications and VHDL Thomson 4.John F Wakerly Digital Design Principles & Practices Prentice Hall, 2001.

10EC330 (Prerequisite: Nil)

NEURAL NETWORKS & FUZZY LOGIC

L 4 T 0 P 0

UNIT I INTRODUCTION & SIMPLE NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PATTERN CLASSIFICATIONS Introduction, Artificial Neural Networks, Historical Development of Neural Networks, Network Architecture, setting the weights, Activation functions, Learning Methods. PERCEPTION: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications ADALINE: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Mada Line (9) UNIT II BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NET Standard Back Propagation: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications NEURAL NETWORK BASED ON COMPETITION Fixed weight Competitive Nets: Maxnet, Mexican Hat, Hamming Net, Kohenen Self Organizing Maps. (9) UNIT III PATTERN ASSOCIATION Training Algorithm for pattern Association, Hetro Associative Memory Neural Network, Auto Associative Net, BAM: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Analysis ADAPTIVE RESONANCE THEORY Introduction: Basic Architecture, Basic Operation ART1, ART2: Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Analysis Boltzman Machine, Neocognitron: Architecture, Algorithm (9) UNIT IV CRISP OR FUZZY LOGIC Fuzzy sets: Fuzzy number, numbers, alpha cuts inqualities, discrete Fuzzy sets Fuzzy Arithmetic: Extension principle, interval arithmetic, Fuzzy arithmetic. Fuzzy functions: Extension principle (9) UNIT V 7. FUZZY PROBABILITY THEORY Introduction, Fuzzy probability, Fuzzy conditional probability, Fuzzy independence, Fuzzy Bayes formula. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1.Laurene Fausett, Fundamental of Neural Networks, Pearson education 2.James Buckley, Fuzzy probabilities, Springer REFERENCES BOOKS 1.Simon Haykin, Neural Networks, Pearson Education 2.P.D Wasserman, Neural Computing Theory and Practice, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1989. 3.Freeman J.A. and Skapura B.M., Neural Networks, Algorithms Applications and Programming Techniques, Addison-Wesely,1990. 4.Martin T Hagan,H B Demuth, M Beale, Neural Network Design, PWS Publishing,1996 SIMULATION BOOKS 1.S.N.Sivanandam, S.Sumathi & S.N.Deepa Introduction to Neural Networks using Matlab, MC Graw Hill, 2005. 2.S.N.Sivanandam, S.Sumathi & S.N.Deepa Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using Matlab, Springers,2007.

10EC331 MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT I MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Decimation by an factor D- Interpolation by a Factor I - Sampling Rate Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D Filter Design and Implementation for sampling rate Conversion: Direct form FIR filter structures Poly-phase filter structures Time Variant filter structure, Multistage Implementation of Sampling Rate ConversionApplications of Multi-rate Signal Processing: Design of phase shifters interfacing of Digital Systems with different sampling rates- Narrow band low pass filters Digital filter banks Sub band coding of speech signal (10) UNIT II PARAMETRIC METHOD OF POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION: Parametric Methods for power spectrum estimation, Relationship between Auto-Correlation and Model Parameters, AR (Auto-Regressive) Process and Linear Prediction, Yule-Walker, Burg and Unconstrained Least Squares Methods, Sequential Estimation, Moving Average (MA) and ARMA Models, Minimum variance spectral estimation, Pisarenko Harmonic Decomposition Methods, MUSIC algorithm. (10) UNIT III FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS: Limit cycles, Overflow Oscillations, Round-off Noise in IIR Digital Filters, Computational Output Round Off Noise, Methods to Prevent Overflow, Trade Off Between Round Off and Overflow Noise, Measurement of Coefficient Quantization Effects through Pole-Zero Movement, Dead Band Effects. (9) UNIT IV DFT FILTER BANKS AND TRANS MULTIPLIERS :DFT Filter Banks , maximally Decemated DFT Filter Banks, trans-multiplexer UNIT V (8) MAXIMALLY DECEMATED FILTER BANKS :Vector spaces, two channel perfect reconstruction conditions, lattice implementation of orthonormal filter banks. (8) TEXT BOOKS: 1 Roberto cristi, Modern Digital Signal Processing , Thomson Learning 2 Proakis JG and Manolakis DG,Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and Application, Pearson Education. REFERENCES 1.Openheim AV & Schafer RW, Discrete Time Signal Processing, Pearson Education, Asia. 2.Raghuveer M. Rao, Ajit S Bopardikar, Wavelet Transform, Introduction to Theory and Applications, Pearson Education, Asia 200. 3.Orfanadis S, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Pearson Education, 4.Sanjit K.Mitra , DSP computer Based Approach 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill 5.Hams Georg stark Wavelet & Signal Processing, Springer, 2005. SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS 1.Samuel D Stearns, Digital Signal Processing with examples in Matlab, CRC Press, 2000. 2.ES Gopi. Algorithm collections for Digital Signal Processing Applications using Matlab , Springer, 2007. 3.Taan S.Elali, Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab, CRC Press,2005.

10EC361

TCP/IP INTERNETWORKING
L 4 T 0 P 0

(Prerequisite: Computer Networks)

UNIT I: NETWORK MODELS: Layered Tasks, The OSI Model, Layers in OSI Model, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Addressing. CONNECTING DEVICES: Passive Hubs, Repeaters, Active Hubs, Bridges, Two Layer Switches, Routers, Three Layer Switches, Gateway, Backbone Networks. (9) UNIT II: INTERNETWORKING CONCEPTS: Principles of Internetworking, Connectionless Interconnection, Application Level Interconnection, Network Level Interconnection, Properties of the Internet, Internet Architecture, Interconnection through IP Routers TCP, UDP & IP: TCP Services, TCP Features, Segment, A TCP Connection, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control, Process to Process Communication, User Datagram, Checksum, UDP Operation, IP Datagram, Fragmentation, Options, IP Addressing: Classful Addressing, IPV6. (9) UNIT III: CONGESTION AND QUALITY OF SERVICE: Data Traffic, Congestion, Congestion Control, Congestion Control in TCP, Congestion Control in Frame Relay, Source Based Congestion Avoidance, DEC Bit Scheme, Quality of Service, Techniques to Improve QoS: Scheduling, Traffic Shaping, Admission Control, Resource Reservation, Integrated Services and Differentiated Services. (9) UNIT IV: QUEUE MANAGEMENT: Concepts of Buffer Management, Drop Tail, Drop Front, Random Drop, Passive Buffer Management Schemes, Drawbacks of PQM, Active Queue Management: Early Random Drop, RED Algorithm. (9) UNIT V: STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL: SCTP Services, SCTP Features, Packet Format, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control. Mobile Network Layer: Entities and Terminology, IP Packet Delivery, Agents, Addressing, Agent Discovery, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulating, Inefficiency in Mobile IP. Mobile Transport Layer : Classical TCP Improvements, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast Retransmit/ Fast Recovery, Transmission, Timeout Freezing, Selective Retransmission, Transaction Oriented TCP. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1. TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Behrouz A Forouzan, TMH, 3rd Edition 2. Data Communication & Networking: B.A. Forouzan, TMH, 4th Edition. REFERENCES BOOKS 1. High performance TCP/IP Networking -- Mahbub Hasan & Raj Jain PHI -2005 2. Internetworking with TCP/IP -- Douglas. E.Comer, Volume I PHI 3. Computer Networks-Larry L. Perterson and Bruce S. Davie 4. Mobile communications , Jochen schiiler, Pearson , Second Edition

10EC362 HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (Prerequisite Computer Networks)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT-I INTRODUCTION: A Brief Networking History, The Need for Speed & Quality of service, Advanced TCP/IP & ATM Networks. Protocols & the TCP/IP suite: The Need for protocol Architecture, The TCP/IP protocol Architecture, The OSI Model, Internetworking. TCP & IP: Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol, The Internet Protocol, IPV6. [9] UNIT-II Frame Relay: Packet-Switching Networks, Frame Relay Networks. Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ATM protocol Architecture, ATM Logical connections, ATM cells, ATM service categories, ATM Adaptation Layer. High speed LANs: The Emergence of High sped LANs, Ethernet, Fiber Channel, Wireless LANs. [9] UNIT-III Queuing Analysis: How Queues behave, Why Queuing Analysis, Queuing Models, Single Server Queues, Multiserver Queues, Examples, Queues with priorities, Networks of Queues, Other Queuing Models, Estimating Model parameters. Self Similar Traffic: Self Similarity, Self Similar Data Traffic, Examples of Self Similar Data Traffic, Performance Implications of Self Similarity, Modeling & Estimation of Self Similar Data Traffic. [9] UNIT-IV Congestion Control in Data Networks & Internets: Effects of Congestion, Congestion & control, Traffic Management, Congestion Control in Packet Switching Networks, Frame Relay Congestion Control. Link Level Flow & Error Control: The Need of Flow & Error Control, Link Control Mechanisms, ARQ Performance. TCP Traffic Control: TCP Flow Control, TCP Congestion Control, Performance of TCP over ATM. Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM Networks: Requirements for ATM Traffic & Congestion Control, ATM Traffic related Attributes, Traffic Management Frame Work, Traffic Control, ABR Traffic Management, GFR Traffic Management. [9] UNIT-V: Interior Routing Protocols: Internet Routing Principles, Distance vector Protocol, Link state Protocol.Quality of service in IP networks, Integrated and differentiated services Exterior Routing Protocols & Multicast: Path Vector Protocols-BGP and IDRP Multicasting [9] TEXT BOOKS: 1.High Speed Networks & Internet Performance & Quality of Service, William Stallings, 2/E Pearson.,2002 REFERENCE BOOKS: 1.Markus Hofmann and Leland Beaumont Content Networking Architecture, Protocols, and Practice Morgan Kaufmann Pub,2005 2.Adrian Farrel The Internet and Its Protocols A comparative Approach Elsevier Inc,2005

10EC341 RF SYSTEM DESIGN (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)

L 4 T 0 P 0

UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION: Importance of RF Design-Dimensions and Units-Frequency Spectrum-RF Behaviour of Passive Components: High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High Frequency Inductors.-Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip Capacitors, and Surface Mount Inductors. REVIEW OF TRANSMISSION LINES: Types of Transmission Lines-Equivalent Circuit representation-R, L, C, G parameters of Different Line configurations-Terminated Lossless Transmission Lines-Special Terminations: Short Circuit, Open Circuit and Quarter Wave Transmission Lines- Sourced and Loaded Transmission Lines: Power Considerations, Input Impedance Matching, Return Loss and Insertion Loss. (9) UNIT II: SINGLE AND MULTI-PORT NETWORKS: The Smith Chart: Reflection Coefficient, Normalized Impedance-Impedance Transformation: Standing wave Ratio, Special Transformation Conditions-Admittance Transformation-Parallel and Series RL & RC Connections-Basic Definitions of Single and Multi-Port NetworksInterconnecting Networks. RF FILTER DESIGN: Scattering Parameters: Definition, Meaning, Chain Scattering Matrix, Conversion Between Sand Z-parameters, Signal Flow Chart Modeling, Generalization-Basic Resonator and Filter Configurations: Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop type Filters-Filter Implementation using Unit Element and Kuroda's Identities Transformations-Coupled Filters. (9) UNIT III: ACTIVE RF COMPONENT MODELLING: RF Diode Models: Nonlinear and Linear Models-Transistor Models: Large Signal and Small Signal BJT Models, Large Signal and Small Signal FET Models- Scattering Parameter, Device Characterization. (9) UNIT IV: MATCHING AND BIASING NETWORKS: Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components: Two Component Matching Networks, Forbidden Regions, Frequency Response and Quality Factor, T and Pi Matching NetworksAmplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks: Classes of Operation and Efficiency of Amplifiers, Biasing Networks for BJT, Biasing Networks for FET. (9) (PTO)

UNIT V: RF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER DESIGN: Characteristics of Amplifiers- Amplifier Power Relations: RF Source, Transducer Power Gain, Additional Power Relations-Stability Considerations: Stability Circles, Unconditional Stability, And Stabilization Methods-Unilateral and Bilateral Design for Constant Gain- Noise Figure Circles- Constant VSWR Circles. RF OSCILLATORS AND MIXERS: Basic Oscillator Model: Negative Resistance Oscillator, Feedback Oscillator Design, Design steps, Quartz Oscillators- Fixed Frequency High Frequency Oscillator -Basic Characteristics of Mixers: Concepts, Frequency Domain Considerations, Single Ended Mixer Design, Single and Double Balanced Mixers. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1.Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko, RF Circuit Design Theory and Applications, Pearson Education Asia, First Edition. 2.Joseph . J. Carr, Secrets of RF Circuit Design, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition. REFERENCES 1.Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics, Pearson Education Asia, Second Edition, 2002. 2.Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. New Kirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons USA, 2000. 3.Roland E. Best, Phase - Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications, McGraw Hill Publishers 5TH edition 2003. 4..Devendra K.Misra ,Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits Analysis and Design John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

10EC332 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT - I INTRODUCTION Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System. DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS: Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and Quantization, Basic relationships between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations. (9) UNIT - II DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS Image Transforms The Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine Transform, Haar Transform, The Slant Transform, (9) UNIT - III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. (9) UNIT - IV IMAGE RESTORATION Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse Filtering, Wiener Filtering. IMAGE COMPRESSION: Fundamentals Image Compression models Error Free Compression, Lossy Compression. (9) UNIT - V IMAGE SEGMENTATION: Detection of discontinuities, Thresholding, Edge based Segmentation and Region based Segmentation. IMAGE REPRESENTATIONS AND DESCRIPTION Representation schemes, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1.Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods, Digital Image Processing, Second Edition, Pearson Education Asia, 2002. (Chapter 3) 2.Gonzalez. R & Woods B.E., Digital Image Processing, Addison Wesley Longman Pearson Education, 2000. (Chapter 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) REFERENCE BOOKS 1.Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision, Thomson learning, Second Edition, 2001. 2.William J Prati, Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & sons

10EC354 VLSI SUB SYSTEM DESIGN (Prerequisite: VLSI Design)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT I DESIGN METHODOLOGY: Structured design strategies; Hierarchy; PLAs; Standard-cell Design; Full-custom Design; Physical Design Styles; Design Economics. (8) UNIT II DATAPATH SUBSYSTEMS: Adders; Comparators; Counters; Shifters; Multipliers; Power and Speed Trade-off. (9) UNIT III MEMORY AND ARRAY SUBSYSTEMS: SRAM, DRAM, ROM, Registers, Queues, PLAs; Memory Peripherals; Reliability; Power dissipation in Memories. (9) UNIT IV INTERCONNECT: Transmission lines; RC delay models; Capacitive parasitics; Resistive parasitics; Crosstalk; Advanced Interconnect Techniques. TIMING: Timing classification; Timing Issues; Synchronous design; Self-timed circuit design; Power distribution. (9) UNIT V CLOCK: Arbiters; Clock Synthesis; PLLs; Clock generation; Clock distribution; Synchronous Vs Asynchronous Design. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: Custom Arrays; Semicustom and Structured Arrays; Custom circuit Design; Cell-based design methodology; Implementation platform. (10) TEXT-BOOK: 1.Neil Weste and K. Eshragian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective Person Education REFERENCE BOOKS: 1.Jan M. Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits; Pearson Education, 2003 2.Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design System on Silicon 2nd ed. Person Education

10EC363 NETWORK SECURITY & CRYPTOGRAPHY (Prerequisite Computer Networks)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT I OVERVIEW: Services, Mechanisms & Attacks, The OSI security Architecture, A Model for Network Security. CLASSICAL ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES: Symmetric Cipher model,Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Rotor machines, Steganography. BLOCK CIPHERS & THE DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD: DES, Differential and Linear Cyptanalysis, Block Cipher Modes of Operations. ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD: Evaluation Criteria, AES Cipher. (9) UNIT II Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers: Triples DES, Blowfish, RC5, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric Block Ciphers. Introduction to Number Theory: Fermats and Eulers Theorems. PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY & RSA: principles of Public Key Cryptosystems. RSAAlgorithm. (9) UNIT III KEY MANAGEMENT: Deffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Arithmetic and Cryptography. Message Authentication & Hash functions: Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, hash Functions. HASH ALGORITHMS: MD5 Message Digest Algorithm, Secure hash Algorithm. (9) UNIT IV: DIGITAL SIGNATURES & AUTHENTICATION: Digital Signatures, Authentication Protocols, Digital Signature Standards. AUTHENTICATION APPLICATIONS: Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service. ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME. (9) UNIT V: IPSECURITY, WEB SECURITY: Overview, Architecture, Authentication Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining Security Associations, Key Management. Firewalls: Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems. Header, (9)

TEXT BOOK 1. William Stallings; Cryptography and Network Security, Third Edition, Pearson Education REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Kahate; Cryptography and Network Security,PHI 2. Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman, Mike Speciner; Network Security ; 2nd Edition,

FOURTH YEAR YEAR -2012-2013

IV/IV B.TECH(ECE), 2nd SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE SUBJECT CODE S.NO COURSE TITLE PERIODS CO NT AC T HO UR S 6 6

CRE DITS

L 1. 2. 09-EC416 (Core Subject) 09-EC417 (Core Subject) 09-EC432 09-EC455 09-EC444 09-EC447 4. 09MICROWAVE ENGINEERING OPTICAL COMMUNICATION ELECTIVE-5 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT ELECTIVE TOTAL 3 3

T 1 1

P 2 2 5 5

4 4 4 4 4 22

4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 4 23

09-EC416 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)

L T P 3 1 2 UNIT I INTRODUCTION: Limitations of Conventional tubes at Microwave frequencies, Klystron: Velocity modulation process. Bunching process, output power and beam loading, Multicavity Klystron amplifiers: beam current density, output current and output power of two cavity Klystron, reflex Klystron, Velocity modulation, Power output and efficiency. (10) UNIT II MICROWAVE TUBES: Traveling Wave tubes, Microwave crossed field tubes: Cylindrical Magnetron, CFA and BWO (Qualitative analysis only). (8) UNIT III MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS: Wave guide bends and twists, wave guide Tees, Tee junction parameters, fields and currents in tee junctions, theorems on Tee junctions, shunt or H-plane tee, series of E-plane Tee, Equivalent circuit of magic tee, applications of magic tee. Directional couplers, coupler parameters, directional couplers in use, applications of directional couplers, Ferrite Devices, Faraday Rotation Isolator, Circulator, Gyrator (elementary principles only), Attenuators, microwave resonators, rectangular and cylindrical cavity resonators. (9) UNIT-1V MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE DEVICES: Microwave tunnel diode, Avalanche transit time diodes: Read diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode, Gunn Effect diodes and modes of operation, BARITT Diode, Strip and Microstrip (8) UNIT-V MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Scattering MatrixSignificance, Formulation and Properties, S Matrix Calculations for 2 port Junctions, E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Circulator and Isolator, Illustrative Problems. Description of Microwave Bench Different Blocks and their Features, Errors and Precautions, Microwave Power Measurement, Bolometers Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency Standing Wave Measurements Measurement of Low and High VSWR, Cavity Q, Impedance Measurements. (10) TEXT BOOKS 1.GSN Raju, Microwave Engineering, IK International Publications 2.Samuel Y Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits Pearson Education REFERENCE BOOKS 1. ML Sisodia & GS Raghuvamshi, Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices. 2. RE Collin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, IEEE Press Series, 2003 3. Mathew. R. Radmanesh, RF & Microwave Engineering,PHI-2001 4. David M. Pozar, Microwave and RF Design of Wireless systems , John Willey 5. Peter A. Rizzi, Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits,PHI

MICROWAVE LAB
Microwave Experiments: 1. Measurement of Gain of an Waveguide Horn Antenna 2. Measurement of low VSWR using Microwave Bench. 3. Measurement of high VSWR using Microwave Bench 4. Verification of the Expression 1 o 1 g 1 c 5. Measurements of unknown impedance using Microwave Bench. 6. Determination of radiation pattern of an waveguide horn antenna 7.Determination of a given Directional Coupler characteristics
2 2 2

09-EC417 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS (Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Fields & Waves)

L 3 T 1 P 2 UNIT I INTRODUCTION: Historical development, Elements of an Optical Fiber transmission link. Advantages of Optical Fibers, Applications of Optical Fiber, Ray Theory Transmission, Total internal reflection, Acceptance angle, Critical Angle, Numerical Aperture, Fiber types: Step Index, Graded Index: Modes of Propagation: single mode and multimode fibers, fiber materials, Fiber Fabrication (9) UNIT II TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS: Attenuation, absorption, scattering and bending losses in fibers, Dispersion: Inter-model and intra-model. FIBER OPTIC COMPONENTS. splicing, connectors, connection losses, Fiber Optic couplers, Fiber Optic Switches (9) UNIT III OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS LEDS: Principles of Light Emission, Light Emitting Diodes: Simple structure and characteristics LASER: Principle, Simple structures and its characteristics. DETECTORS: Principles of photo detection. PIN Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode and their characteristics, Noise sources (9) UNIT IV OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEMS: Optical Transmitter Circuits, Optical Receiver Circuit, Digital System planning considerations, Advanced Multiplexing Strategies, Optical power budgeting. (9) UNIT V OPTICAL FIBER MEASUREMENTS: Numerical Aperture, attenuation, refractive index, cutback and OTDR. Advanced Optical Systems And Fiber Measurements: Fiber Optic LANs, FDDI, Feature Concepts, (9) TEXT BOOKS 1. Keiser G, Optical Fiber Communication, McGraw-Hill 2. John M Senior, Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice, 2 nd Edition, PHI. REFERENCE BOOKS 1.J C Palais , Fiber Optic Communications, 2nd Edition, PHI 2.W. Tomasi , Advanced Electronic Communication Systems, PHI

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LAB

Fiber Optics Experiments: 1. Fiber Optics Cable: Numerical Aperture Measurements 2. Measurement of Coupling and Bending Losses of a Fiber 3. Analog Link Setup using a Fiber 4. Digital Link Setup using a Fiber 5. Setup of Time Division Multiplexing using Fiber Optics 6. Characteristics of Light Sources / Detectors 7. Study of pulse amplitude modulation using fiber optics. 8. Study of pulse width modulation using fiber optics 9. Study of Pulse Position Modulation using Fiber optics

09EC444 RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS (Prerequisite: Microwave Engineering)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT I: INTRODUCTION, Basic Radar , Advantage of Basic Radar, Block Diagram of Pulse Radar, simple form of Radar equation, Detection of signals in noise, Receiver noise and signal to noise ratio, integration of Radar pulses, RCS: RCS of simple targets, RCS of multiple targets, PRF and Range Ambiguities, Doppler Effect, Limitations of CW Radar, FMCW Radar, Altimeter. (9) UNIT II: MTI RADAR, Delay line cancellers: Frequency response of single delay line cancellers, Clutter Attenuation, MTI improvement factor, N-pulse delay line canceller, Non recursive and Recursive filters, staggered PRF, Doppler filter banks TRACKING:Types of tracking Radar Systems, Sequential Lobing Radar, Conical Scan and Mono pulse Tracking Radar (9) UNIT III: Super heterodyne Receiver, Types of Duplexers and receiver protectors, types of Displays, Radomes. ELECTRONIC WARFARE: Objectives an definitions, Noise jamming, Types of Electronic counter measures and Electronic counter to counter measures, Stealth applications. (9) UNIT IV Elementary ideas of Navigational Aids, DME, VOR, DVOR, TACAN ,ILS, MLS, GPS, Automatic Direction Finder, Hyperbolic Navigational (LORAN,DECA,OMEGA) (9) UNIT V RADAR STUDIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE: Introduction, MST radar, Scattering Mechanism, Meteor Wind Radar, Over The Horizon Radar: Introduction, Surface Wave Radar, Sky wave Radar, The Over-The-Horizon Radar Equation (9) TEXT BOOKS: 1.Merrill I Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003 2. GSN Raju,Radar Engineering and Fundamentals of Navigational Aids, I K International REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Peyton Z Peebles Jr, Radar Principles, John Wiley Inc., 2004 2. Hamish Meikie, Modern Radar Systems, Artech House 3. AK Sen and Dr AB Bhattacharya, Radar Systems and Radio Aids to Navigation SIMULATION BOOK 1. Bassem R.Mahafza Radar systems Analysis and design using Matlab Chapman & Hall

09EC455

DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY

L 4 T 0 P 0

UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS Reliability Concepts, Failure and Faults, Reliability and Failure rate, Relation between Reliability and Meantime between failure, Maintainability and Availability, Reliability of series, Parallel and Parallel-Series combinational circuits. (9) UNIT II FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND TOLERANCE Fault Classes and Models, Fault Diagnosis and Testing, Test Generation, Fault Table Method, Path-Sensitization Method, Kohavi Algorithm, Fault-Tolerance Techniques, Fault-Tolerance VLSI Processor Arrays. (9) UNIT III DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY Basic concepts of Testability-Controllability and Observability, Reed Mullers Expansion technique, OR-AND-OR Design, PLA Minimization, Faults in PLAs. (9) UNIT IV BUILT-IN SELF TEST BIST Concepts - Test Pattern Generation for BIST Specific BIST Architectures CSBL,BEST,RTS,LOCST,STUMPS,CBIST,CEBS,RTD,SST,CATS,Memory Test architecture. (9) UNIT V FAULT DIAGNOSIS Logic Level Diagnosis - Diagnosis by UUT reduction - Fault Diagnosis for Combinational Circuits - System Level Diagnosis. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1. Parag K. Lala, "Digital Circuit Testing and Testability", Prentice-Hall. 2. Nripendra N.Biswas,LOGIC DESIGN THEORY, Prentice-Hall. REFERENCES 1.M. Abramovici, M.A. Breuer and A.D. Friedman, "Digital Systems and Testable Design", Jaico Publishing House, 2002. 2. M.L. Bushnell and V.D. Agrawal, "Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital, Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 3.A.L. Crouch, "Design Test for Digital IC's and Embedded Core Systems", Prentice-Hall International, 2002.

09EC447 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (Prerequisite: Digital Communications)

L 4 T 0 P 0 UNIT I INTRODUCTION: Basic Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency Allocations for Satellite Services, Applications. Orbital Mechanics and Launchers: Orbital mechanics of LEO, MEO and GSO, Orbital elements, Locating the Satellite with respect to the Earth, Look Angle determination, Orbital Effects in Communication Systems Performance. (9) UNIT II SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS: Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Satellite Antennas. (6) UNIT III SATELLITE LINK DESIGN: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio, Design of Down Links, Up Link Design, Design Of Satellite Links For Specified C/N, System Design Examples. Earth Station Technology: Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems, Terrestrial Interface, Primary Power Test Methods. (10) UNIT VI MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frame Structure, Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard Processing, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).Comparison between CDMA, FDMA & TDMA. Spread Spectrum Techniques, DSSS, DSSS with CBPSK, Processing gain, Probability of error, FHSS: Slow frequency hopping, Fast frequency hopping. (10) UNIT V SATELLITE NAVIGATION & GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM : Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location Principles, GPS Receivers and Codes, Satellite Signal Acquisition, GPS Navigation Message, GPS Signal Levels, GPS Receiver Operation, GPS C/A Code Accuracy, Differential GPS. (10) TEXT BOOKS 1.Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt Satellite Communications, WSE, Wiley Publications, 2nd Edition, 2003. 2.L.Pritchard, Robert A Nelson and Henri G.Suyderhoud,Satellite Communications Engineering Wilbur, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications, 2003. REFERENCES 1. M. Richharia, Satellite Communications: Design Principles BS Publications, 2nd Edition. 2. D.C Agarwal ,Satellite Communication, Khanna Publications, 5th Ed. 3. Dennis Roddy Satellite Communications , McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2009. 4. Robert M Gagliardi, Satellite Communications, DTS Publishers Ltd. 5. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004

09EC432 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing)

L 4 T 0 P 1 UNIT - I INTRODUCTION: Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System. DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS: Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and Quantization, Basic relationships between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations. (9) UNIT - II DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS Image Transforms The Discrete Fourier Transform, Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine Transform, Haar Transform, The Slant Transform, (9) UNIT - III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN: Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN: Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. (9) UNIT - IV IMAGE RESTORATION: Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse Filtering, Wiener Filtering. IMAGE COMPRESSION: Fundamentals Image Compression models Error Free Compression, Lossy Compression. (9) UNIT - V IMAGE SEGMENTATION: Detection of discontinuities, Thresholding, Edge based Segmentation and Region based Segmentation. IMAGE REPRESENTATIONS AND DESCRIPTION Representation schemes, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors. (9) TEXT BOOKS 1.Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods, Digital Image Processing, Second Edition, Pearson Education Asia, 2002. (Chapter 3) 2.Gonzalez. R & Woods B.E., Digital Image Processing, Addison Wesley Longman Pearson Education, 2000. (Chapter 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) REFERENCE BOOKS 1.Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision, Thomson learning, Second Edition, 2001. 2.William J Prati, Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & sons